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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How does the mechanism of Type II sensitivity differ from the mechanism of Type III hypersensitivity?
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Type II--> make abs against self
Type III--> makes abs against ag-->ab--ag complexes deposit in the tissues |
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What enzyme is deficient in Lesch Nyhan syndrome?
What is the rx? |
HGPRT
allopurinol |
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An excess of what vitamin can cause hypercalcemia?
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Vitamin D
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What HA causing condition can result from an excess of vitamin A?
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pseudotumor cerebri
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What vitamins have a function similar to reduced glutahione?
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vitamins A,C,E
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What clinical features would lead you to suspect that a pt has scurvy?
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(1) sore, spongy gums with loose teeth
(2) swollen joints (3)fragile blood vessels (bruising) |
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What is the other name for vitamin E?
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alpha tocopherol
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Vitamin C is neccessary for the hydroxylation of which AAs in collagen synthesis?
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lysine and proline
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mneumonic for the B vitamins?
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"The Rich Never PAN PYRite Filled Creeks"
(1) Thiamine-B1 (2) riboflavin-B2 (3) niacin-B3 (4) pantothenate-B5 (5) pyridoxine-B6 (6) folate-B9 (7)cobalamin-B12 |
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What two syndromes are associated with thiamine deficiency?
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(1) BerBeri (wet & dry)
(2) Wernicke Korsakoff Syndrome |
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What are the characteristics of dry Beriberi?
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(1) nonspecific peripheral neuropathy
(2) Toe, wrist, and foot drop (3)symmetrical muscle wasting |
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What are the characteristics of wet beriberi seen with thiamine deficiency?
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(1) peripheral vasodilation-->high output heart failure-->peripheral edema
(2) cardiomegaly |
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What are the characteristics of wernicke korsakoff syndrome?
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(1) confusion
(2) gait ataxia (3) ocular disturbances (4) confabulation |
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What are some of the symptoms of riboflavin deficiency?
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(1)dermatitis
(2)cheilosis/stomatitis (3)glossitis (4)corneal vascularization |
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What nutrient deficiencies are associated with cheilosis, stomatitis, and glossitis?
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(1) riboflavin-B2
(2) niacin-B3 (3) folate-B9 (4) cobalamin-B12 (5) iron |
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What are the two biologically active forms of riboflavin used as cofactors in oxidation-reduction reactions?
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(1) flavin adenine dinucleotide
(2)flavin mononucleotide |
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What are the biologically active forms of niacin used as cofactors in oxidation-reduction reactions?
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nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)
nicotinamide adenine (NAD) dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) |
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What disease is caused by a deficiency in niacin?
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pellagra
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What are the sxs of pellagra caused by a niacin deficiency?
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diarrhea, dermatitis, and dementia
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Which AA is required for the formation of niacin?
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tryptophan
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Main side effect seen with high doses of niacin to treat dyslipidemia?
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flushing...relieved with ASA
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What is the role of pantothenic acid-B5 in metabolism?
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component of Coenzyme A...involved in the transfer of acyl groups
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Metabolic role of biotin?
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involved in carboxylation rxns
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Deficiencies in this vitamin are caused by isoniazid and can cause convulsions because it is used to make GABA?
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pyridoxine-B6
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Which vitamin deficiency is associated with increased RBC fragility?
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vitamin E
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Which vitamin deficiency causes dermatitis, cheilosis, and glossitis?
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riboflavin-B2
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Vitamin deficiency that causes megaloblastic anemia, hypersegmented neutrophils, and peripheral neuropathy?
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cobalamin-B12
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pyrogens secreted by monocytes and macrophages?
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IL1, IL6, and TNF alpha
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What are released by virally infected cells?
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interferon alpha and interferon beta
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Name the enterobacteriaceae that colonize the gut?
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(1)Ecol
(2) proteus (3) salmonella (4) shigella (5) klebsiella pneumoniae (6)enterobacter (7) serratia |
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mneumonic for the sxs of carcinoid syndrome?
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"BFDR"
(1) bronchospasm-weezing (2) flushing (3) diarrhea (4) r sided heart valve disease |
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What is the most abundant bacteria in the colon of most individuals?
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bacteroides fragilis
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An alcoholic develops a rash, diarrhea, and altered mental status...what is the dx?
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pellagra...due to a niacin deficiency
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Which portion of the colon is most commonly associated with volvus?
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cecum and sigmoid colon
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Where in the distal GI tract does endodermal tissue make an abrupt transition to tissue derived from surfacr ectoderm?
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pectinate line
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What diseases might be found immediately ABOVE the pectinate line?
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(1) internal hemorrhoids
(2) adenocarcinoma |
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What diseases might be found immediately BELOW the pectinate line?
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(1) external hemorrhoids
(2) squamous cell carcinoma |
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How many ATP are generated during aerobic metabolism?
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malate shuttle--> 32 atp
G3P shuttle--> 30 atp |
