Bocock Uworld Week 2.4

Front 1

An increase in cell size?

Back 1

hypertrophy

Front 2

An increase in the number of cells?

Back 2

hyperplasia

Front 3

Permanent tissues that undergo hypertrophy only?

Back 3

(1) Cardiac muscle
(2) skeletal muscle
(3) Nervous tissue

Front 4

An example of pathologic hyperplasia that does not progress to cancer?

Back 4

BPH

Front 5

A decrease in the size and number of cells of an organ?

Back 5

atrophy

Front 6

Mechanism that causes a decrease in cell number?

Back 6

apoptosis

Front 7

Two mechanisms by which cell size decreases (atrophy)?

Back 7

(1) ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway
(2) autophagy of cellular components

Front 8

This is a change in ceell type?

Back 8

metaplasia

Front 9

Type of metaplasia that does not carry a risk for cancer?

Back 9

apocrine metaplasia of the breast

Front 10

Disordered cell growth which is reversible?

Back 10

dsyplasia

Front 11

Failure of cell production during embryogenesis?

Back 11

aplasia

Front 12

A decrease in cell production during embryogensis...resulting in a small organ?

Back 12

hypoplasia

Front 13

Which HIV medications cause PANCREATITIS?

Back 13

PI-->ritonavir
NRTIs--> didanosine, stavudine, and zalcitabine

Front 14

Which HIV medications cause RASH?

Back 14

NNRTIs--> neVIRapine,delaVIRdine and efaVIRenz

NRTI-->abacavir

Front 15

What birth defect can result from the following teratogenic agents?
(1) Ace inhibitors
(2) Folate antagonists
(3) tetracyclines
(4) Lithium
(5)DES

Back 15

(1) Renal damage
(2) neural tube defects
(3) discolored teeth
(4)Ebstein's anomaly (atriialization of the RV)
(5)vaginal clear cell adenoma

Front 16

Syndrome with a gastrin secreting that causes recurrent ulcers and is associated with MEN I?

Back 16

zollinger ellison syndrome

Front 17

Equation for volume of distribution?

Back 17

Vd=amt of drug given(IV)/plasma drug concentration

Front 18

What is the formula for clearance?

Back 18

CL=0.7*VD/T1/2=Ke*Vd

Front 19

Formula for loading dose?

Back 19

LD=desired plasma concentration*Vd

Front 20

Formula for maintenace dose?

Back 20

MD=desired plasma conc.*CL

Front 21

What enzyme is inhbited by PPIs?

name two PPIs?

Back 21

H/K ATPase

omeprazole and lansoprazole

Front 22

All of the H2 blockers end in what suffix?

Back 22

TIDINE

Front 23

Which antacid matches the following....
(1) May cause diarrhea?
(2) May cause constipation?
(3) May cause rebound hypercalcemia?
(4) May cause hypokalemia?

Back 23

(1) Magnesium hydroxide
(2) Aluminum hydroxide
(3) calcium carbonate
(4) All 3!!!

Front 24

5HT3 antagonists used as anti-emetics?

Back 24

ondansetron and granisetron

Front 25

MCC requiring surgery in the first month of life...presents with a palpable olive mass in the epigatric region with projectile vomiting in first 2 weeks of life?

Back 25

Congenital pyloric stenosis

Front 26

Under tonic (constant) inhibition by dopamine secretion from the hypothalamus?

Back 26

prolactin

Front 27

The ovary is covered by what type of epithelium?

Back 27

simple cuboidal epithelium

Front 28

What type of epithelium lines the vagina?

Back 28

stratified squamous (non-keratinized)

Front 29

What is the epithelial lining of the cervix?

Back 29

(1) stratified squamous (ectocervix)
(2) simple columnar (endocervix)

Front 30

The uterus and fallopian tubes are lined by what type of epithelium?

Back 30

simple columnar

Front 31

Classical physcial findings in mitral valve stenosis?

Back 31

opening snap followed by a diastolic rumbling murmur

Front 32

2 mechanisms by which therapeutic radiation causes DNA damage?

Back 32

(1) DNA ds breaks
(2) Formation of free radicals

Front 33

Direct cause of skin wrinkling?

Back 33

decreased synthesis of collagen fibrils

Front 34

Example of a severe PERFUSION defect in the lung?

Back 34

pulmonary embolus

Front 35

What would you see in a perfusion defect in the lung?

Back 35

tracheal and alveolar air would have the same )2 composition

Front 36

The TESTES drain to these lymph nodes?

Back 36

retroperitoneal (paraortic) lymph nodes

Front 37

Lymph from the SCROTUM drains into these lymph nodes?

Back 37

inguinal lymph nodes

Front 38

If malignant, a testicular mass will spread to what lymph nodes?

Back 38

retroperitoneal (paraortic) lymph nodes

Front 39

These structures are specific for Candida Albicans?

Back 39

"GERM TUBES" (true hyphae) when incubated at 37*C

Front 40

Branching filament structure of a fungus?

Back 40

hyphae

Front 41

MCC of opportunistic myosis(fungal infection) that is a frequent colonizer of human skin and mucous membranes?

Back 41

candida albicans

Front 42

This is abnormal migration of the VENTRAL pancreatic bud which encircles the decending part of the duodenum and leads to sxs of duodenal obstruction in neonates?

Back 42

annular pancreas

Front 43

What causes annular pancreas?

Back 43

abnormal migration of the VENTRAL pancreatic bud

Front 44

A deficiency in what factor would make one more prone to recurrent diarrhea caused by giardia lamblia?

Back 44

secretory IgA

Front 45

What are the retroperitoneal structures?

Back 45

"SAD PUCKER"
(1) suprarenal glands
(2)aorta
(3)duodenum (2nd, 3rd, and 4th parts)
(4) pancreas (except tail)
(5)ureters
(6)colon (descending and ascending)
(7)kidneys
(8) esophagus (lower 2/3)
(9)rectum (upper 2/3)

Front 46

Drugs known for their SEIZURE side effect?

Back 46

(1)metocloprramide
(2) buproprion
(3)tramadol
(4)enflurane
(5) evening primrose oil

Front 47

This ligament contains the portal triad and may be compressed to control bleeding?

Back 47

hepatoduodenal ligament

Front 48

What is the diagnostic test used for cystic fibrosis?

Back 48

increased chloride sweat test

Front 49

MCC of acute pancreatitis?

Back 49

gallstones and alcohol

Front 50

What enzyme converts glucose to its alcohol form of sorbitol?

Back 50

aldose reductase

Front 51

Which cells lack sorbitol dehydrogenase and are therefore prone to osmotic damage to sorbitol?

Back 51

(1) schwann cells
(2) lens
(3) retina
(4)kidneys

Front 52

What enzyme converts sorbitol to fructose but is missing in some cell types?

Back 52

sorbitol dehydrogenase