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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Given in shock to maintain renal blood flow?
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dopamine
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DOC for....
(1) Cardiogenic shock? (2) Septic shock? |
(1) Dobutamine
(2) NE |
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Short acting benzodiazapines?
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Alprazolam, triazolam, and Oxazepam
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Lone acting benzos that increase the risk of falling in elderly patients?
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chlordiazepoxide, chlorazepate, diazepam, and flurazepam
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Benzos that are less likely to cause dependance?
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long acting benzos
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Calcified cystic tumor that arises from the remnant rathke's pouch?
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craniopharyngioma
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Embryonic precursor of the anterior pituitary?
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Rathke's pouch (from ectoderm)
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Posterior pituitary comes from what embryonic tissue?
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neuroectoderm
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3 cardinal signs of diabetes mellitus?
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polyuria, polydyspsia, and polyphagia
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Glucugaon stimulates...
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glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, and ketone body formation
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action of insulin
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(1) Increases glucose, AA, and potassium uptake by cells
(2) Inhibits lipolysis and ketone body formation |
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Medical RX of pheochromocytoma?
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phenoxybenzamine
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IRREVERSIBLE alpha 1-alpha 2 antagonist
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phenoxybenzamine
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REVERSIBLE alpha 1-alpha 2 antagonist
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phentolamine
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Safe site for intramuscular injections in the butt
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superior lateral quadrant
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Injections into the superior medial quadrant of the butt would damage this nerve
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superior gluteal nerve
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Hip dips down when ipsilateral foot is lifted off the ground?
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gluteus medias gait
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Causes gluteus medias gait?
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damage to the superior gluteal nerve or the gluteus medius muscle
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Innervated by CNXI and turns the head in the opposite direction?
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sternocleidomastoid muscle
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The sternocleidomastoid muscle inserts at these three sites?
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(1) Manubrium of the sternum
(2) medial part of the clavicle (3) mastoid process of skull |
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Fracture due to minimal trauma in an elderly patient?
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think osteoporosis
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serum calcium, phosphorus, and PTH levels are within normal limits
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osteoporosis
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compensatory response of the heart to pressure overload
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concentric hypertrophy
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CV response to VOLUME overload of aortic regurgitation
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Increase in LV preload
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Actions of ANP
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vasodilation, diuresis, and natriuresis
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What secretes ANP?
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atrial cardiomyocytes
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Released from JG cells during hypotension?
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renin
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Facial pain, HA, and black necrotic eschar in nasal cavity of a diabetic patient with DKA?
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mucormycosis
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Indian ink stain of csf reveals this encapsulated yeast
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cryptococcus neoformans
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Impaired ability to oxidize VLCFAs
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peroxisomal disease
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Metabolism of VLCFAs and alpha oxidation occurs in....
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peroxisomes
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Elevated in cases of lead poisoning
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delta aminolevulinic acid
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cofactor for carboxylation reactions
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biotin
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Young kid who lives in an OLD HOUSE with irratibility, constipation, and anemia
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lead poisoning
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cofactor in the synthesis of delta aminolevulinic acid (elevated during lead poisoning)
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pyridoxal phosphate
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osteocytes are connected via...
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Gap junctions
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class III AA agents that prolong repolarization of myocytes
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amiodarone, difetilide, ibutilide, and sotalol
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What do class III AA agents do to cardiac myocytes?
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slow potassium efflux and prolong repolarization
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Reproducible
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reliable or precise
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receptor on platelets that binds fibrinogen
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GP IIb/IIIa
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Defective or deficient glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors
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glanzmann thombasthenia
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inhibits glycoprotein IIb/IIIa from biniding to fibrinogen
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abciximab
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Diagnosis of glanzmann thombasthenia
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blood smear shows NO platelet clumping
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B9 renal tumor composed of BVs, smooth muscle, and fat?
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angio-myo-lipoma
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brain hamartomas and ash leaf patches
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tuberous sclerosis
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angiomyolipomas are associated with....
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tuberous sclerosis (brain hamartomas and ash leaf skin patches)
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bilateral acoustic neuromas
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neurofibromatosis type 2
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Features of neurofibromatosis type 1?
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(1)neurofibromas,
(2) optic gliomas (3)pigmented nodules of the iris (lysch nodules), (4) cutaneous hyperpigmented macules (cafe au lait spots) |
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MCC of bacteremia?
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urinary tract infections
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Most common source of E coli bacteremia?
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urinary tract
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Body's reaction to LPS endotoxin?
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septic shock (gram negative sepsis)
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MCC of UTI
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E coli
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alpha blockers
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(1) zosins
(2) phenoxybenzamine (3) phentolamine |
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Direct cholinergic agonists
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(1) bethanochol
(2) carbachol (3) pilocarpine |
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alpha 1>> alpha 2
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phenylephrine
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relays hypoxia measured by the carotid body
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glossopharngeal nerve (CN IX)
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Provides MOTOR information for swallowing
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CN IX and CN X
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Relays blood pressure info from the aortic arch
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vagus nerve
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causes salivation from the sublingual glands
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facial nerve
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causes slaivation from the PAROTID gland
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glossopharyngeal nerve
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Nicotinic antagonist
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hexamethonium
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Squamous cell carcinoma mutations
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p16, p53, cyclin D1
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Most common location of salivary gland tumors
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parotid gland
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Most common salivary gland tumor
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pleomorphic adenoma
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histologic appearance of a pleomorphic adenoma
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epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation
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Most common MALIGNANT salivary gland tumor
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mucoepidermoid carcinoma
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Motor innervation to the tongue
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hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
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TASTE sensation of the tongue
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(1) Facial -anterior 2/3
(2) Glossopharyngeal-post 1/3 (3) Vagus-extreme posterior |
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PAIN sensation of the tongue
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(1) Mandibular Nerve (V3)-Ant 2/3
(2) glossopharyngeal-post 1/3 (3) Vagus-extreme posterior |
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Causes of Infectious Rhinitis
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corona virus, rhinovirus, adenovirus, and echovirus
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Name the sinuses that can become infected and cause sinusitus
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frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary
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Increased aldosterone
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conn syndrome
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decreased aldosterone and cortisol
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addison disease
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fetal placental structure that secretes hCG
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syncytiotrophoblast
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Maternal component of the placenta
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decidua basalis
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Stages of an embryo between conception and an inner cell mass
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zygote-->morula-->blastocyst
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When does organogenesis take place
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weeks 3-8
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Origin of tissue ABOVE the pectinate line?
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endoderm
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Origin of tisue BELOW the pectinate line?
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surface ectoderm
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What vitamin should not be given in large amounts during pregnancy?
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vitamin A
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Remnant of the thyoglossal duct
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foramen cecum of the tongue
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Midline neck cyst that moves with swallowing
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thyroglossal duct cyst
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Cyst in the lateral neck that does not move with swallowing?
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branchial cleft cyst
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T3 funtions-4B's
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brain maturation, bone gowth, beta adrenergic effects, and BMR increases
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Process of binding of iodide to thyroglobulin?
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organification
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Enzyme responsible for oxidation and organification of iodide as well as coupling of MIT and DIT?
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peroxidase
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Binds T3 and T4 in the blood
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thyroxine binding globulin (TBG)
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Inhibits peroxidase oxidation and organification of iodide and is used to rx hyperthyroidism?
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propylthiouracil and methimazole
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Blocks the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 by inhibiting deiodinase?
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propylthiouracil
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Presentation of cretism (severe fetal hypothyroidism)
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(1) Pot bellied
(2) Pale (3) Puffy face (4) Protruding umbilicus (5) Protuberant tongue |
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Conditions with psammoma bodies?
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(1) papillary carcinoma of thyroid
(2) serous cystadenoma of ovary (3) meningioma (4) malignant mesothelium |
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"Ground glass nuclei" with psamomma bodies and nuclear grooves?
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papillary carcinoma
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