Boc 6 - Close

Front 1

Name the seven steps of metastasis

Back 1

1. local invasion thru extracellular matrix
2. intravasation into the blood vessels
3. survive transport thru blood
4. arrest at a distant site
5. extravasation into distant tissue from vessel
6. survive new environment
7. re-initiate proliferation

Front 2

cancer cells that can successfully metastasize are able to endure what kinds of pressures

Back 2

low pH, low food, low 02/reactive oxygen species, inflammatory response

Front 3

loss of _____________, a mediator of cell interactions that ensures stability of the basement membrane, is important in local invasion.

Back 3

E-cadherin

Front 4

Once beyond the basement membrane, cancer enters the _______, causing inflammation.

Back 4

stroma

Front 5

cancer cells are more commonly distributed by blood or lymph?

Back 5

blood

Front 6

VEGF is a growth factor that induces what?

Back 6

neoangiogenesis (new blood vessel formation)

Front 7

term for the a form of apoptosis that involves the loss of an anchor that "untethered" endothelial cells undergo

Back 7

anoikis

Front 8

T/F All cancer cells have an equal affinity for metastasis in any organ

Back 8

False - certain cancers metastasize to certain areas

Front 9

What is the difference in the environment between intravasation and extravasation?

Back 9

intravasation is supported by inflamed stromal cells, extravasation is not, the cell must create a new "pre-metastatic niche"

Front 10

though a large number of circulating tumor cells can be detected in a patient with cancer, only _____ survive circulation and go on to become metastases.

Back 10

<0.01%

Front 11

the TNM classification of cancer stands for

Back 11

tumor, nodes, metastasis

Front 12

T+N+M =

Back 12

stage of cancer