Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Cancer incidence increases greatly with ______
|
age
|
|
|
transfection of normal cultured cells with Myc or adenovirus E1A oncogene alone yields what result?
|
no cancer -- need both to create foci in vitro -- evidence for the "multi-step hypothesis"
|
|
|
Why are individuals with FAP who have thousands of adenomatous polyps that aren't cancerous at an increased risk for developing carcinoma?
|
adenomas are precursor lesions -- having more of them = more propensity to develop into cancer
|
|
|
what are the two forms of genetic instability
|
chromosomal and microsatellite
|
|
|
LOH is an example of which kind
|
chromosomal
|
|
|
mutations in the DNA mismatch repair pathway present as which kind
|
microsatellite
|
|
|
the most common type of colon polyp, that is most common in the left colon and has no malignant potential
|
hyperplastic polyp
|
|
|
three types of colon adenomas
|
tubular, villous, sessile serrated
|
|
|
rare, autosomal dominant condition with 100s-1000s of adenomatous colon polyps; usually presenting with colorectal cancer before age 20 without prophylactic colectomy
|
FAP (familial adenomatous polyposis)
|
|
|
colorectal cancer in individuals with FAP most commonly presents in what area of the colon
|
left
|
|
|
what is the most common gene mutation involved in sporadic colon cancer
|
APC
|
|
|
FAP is associated with a germline mutation in what gene?
|
APC
|
|
|
normally, in the absence of _____ signaling, APC degrades ____, preventing it from entering the nucleus and triggering cell proliferation
|
WNT; B-catenin
|
|
|
B-catenin should be turned off at the (top/bottom) of the crypt
|
top (bottom = where stem cells are and proliferation is needed)
|
|
|
A strong cancer family history as well as a colonoscopy presenting many small, flatter tubular adenomas especially in the right colon is suggestive of what?
|
Lynch Syndrome
|
|
|
What are the bethesda criteria for lynch syndrome
|
1. CRC below age 50
2. Multiple CRC or lynch-related cancers 3. CRC with MSI-H related histology, <60 years 4. CRC or Lynch-related cancer in at least one 1st degree family member <50 yrs 5. CRC or Lynch-related cancer in at least 2 1st or 2nd degree family members of any age |
|
|
Patients with Lynch syndrome have a 40% risk of what extracolonic cancer
|
endometrial
|
|
|
Cancer cells in Lynch syndrome most commonly have mutations of what gene?
|
hMLH1 (involved in DNA MMR)
|
|
|
FAP is a tumor of _____________ whereas Lynch syndrome is a tumor of _______________.
|
initiation; progression
|
|
|
inactivation of hMLH1 can also occur in sporadic cancers by what mechanism?
|
methylation
|
