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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mediterranean World
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-After 1492, (discovery of new world and mineral world for europeans ) new types of linkages between East and West Begin to change how world systems would operate in the future.
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1. Implications of Collaps
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Economic and demographic contractions
- New understanding of politics/power - Formation of centralizing states -New systems of taxation; allows exploration, extensive warfare, renewed trade between East and West(recersion of political power) allows for expansion of exploration |
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RANGE OF islam
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Origins of the Ottoman Empire
- Constantinople/byzantium/Istanbul -1453; siege of Constantinople( big psychological blow for Europeans) - constanipoble represented the last of the roman empire viewed as (the ultimate end) istanbul- ottoman put tax on the good coming trough. |
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Interaction between Europeans Ottomans
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Violence: Venice/ ottoman warfare; ottoman attacks on vienna
Trade: 1536 capitulations (french/ottoman treaty; suleyman the magnificent) French have an entry way with the ottoman empire dont have to pay the taxation with the foreigner ( they were not bound by ottoman law) |
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Kingdoms on the Iberian Penisula reconquista
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- first european area to start centralizing ....
jews and muslims that were in the penisula were pushed out when these countries started centralizing. Christians Sephardic Jews muslims Morisco/Converso The spanish inquisition-questioning the converted people whether they were true believers |
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Spain Unified -
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Spain Unified -
Reconquista-fall of grenada ... 1492 willing to tolerate muslims but not Jews .. Spanish inquisition- testing faith of muslims who converted ... to christian whether they were truly christians..... MERGE POLITICAL WITH RELIGIOUS AUTHORITY Morisco/converso 1. start watching them very closely to see if they convert do they perform sacraments, do they go to mass every week average Christians didn't know what was going on in the Christian faith. Crown passes rules to: 2. laws passed making it illegal to wear vails, speak arabic, eat while sitting on the floor, no eating with your hands.... it evolved where the crown had to make laws to take the muslim children to make them catholic Jews fled to ottoman empire and netherlands 3. modern people within the society: how do you make people do what they are suppose to do. |
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Criminality-
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1532 Legal code: the caroline (holy roman empire) means of unifying the all of the roman EMplire
-provide some protection for the criminal - you had to be guilty .... - trials for witchcraft initiated witchcraft hysteria.. (if they tortured you and you confess and you had court trials and answered diffrent from torture you get tortured onece more ) Public display of punishment -- public execution.. learn from soneone else mistake |
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Sexuality:
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Dr. Johann Storch: The DIseases of Women - early concept of sexuality of the body.
- The strange Early Modern Body -Did not consist of discrete anatomical systems -The body is opaque- The body is fungible- all fluids may convert to one another - Pathologies were understood as a problem of obstructed flows by restoring the flow a person would regain health - Sexual difference is understood differently than it is now one sex with differences The Sexed Body- men and women were the same sex just inverted gentegila -DId not exist Until the late 18th century- VASILIAS -the difference between male and female is understood as one of degree, not of kind - men and women were substantially the same- their reproductive systems were though to be inversions of one another. men and women are the same men just entail a certain level of heat (hierarchal) same respect for women mean achieves one level of perfection ONE SEX-MODEL-Human bodies have one sex and two genders, the only diffe |
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aztec
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Entire mexica area unified by itzcoatl- unified central valley under Aztec power 1428
Aztec- demand tribute from the people in the region - do it for sacrifice and to build armies created for economic and political regions (also religious) Sacrifice for the sun to come back .. because the gods shed the blood for humanity Aztec- what we need to consume (only destroyed) European- what we need to produce (only created) |
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Incan Empire
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Relgion- CUlt of the Dead “huaca/spirit” everything is infuzed in this spirit.
still alive because the spirtis never die..(what ever was conquered must be reconqured” religious foundation of ancestor worship fuels imperial expansion - connqure peole who dont like each other so its difficult to fight against the Aztec empire Southern contact zone: mexico, south america, spanish is the focal empire (cortez) is confronted by spanish speaking men ... Hernan cortes (1485-1547)- gaisn acces through malinche .. - bumps in Monetezuma II (1466-1520) takes throne 1503) 1502 Francisco pizzaro arrives and get a meeting atahualpa..reads him the spanish doctraine - spanish naturally attack - the spanish wanted to destroy the emperire by take out the emperors - spanish found tremendous amounts of mineral wealth |
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guanajuato
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argest spanish speaking city in the world
(mexico) and pitosi (bolivia) -Land -Labor 85% of the silver in Europe came from these minds |
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Slavery
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Encomienda - instilling an order in the new world (attempt to shape the new world systems and structures of the old world )
-the spaniards are give control over the indians. (recreating feudalism in the new world... tying population to the land) - early 1500’s |
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iseases and the “columbian Exchange”
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Demographic Collapse of Amerindian populations
- 80 millionn to 10 million (1492-1600) New world - 25 million to 1 million (1519-1592) south america/Caribbean's |
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Jamestown settlement- colony that british lay settlement in NA
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Jamestown settlement- colony that british lay settlement in NA
1. Find GOld 2. Establish friendly trade relations 3. find a water route to china -John Smith- saved the colony by agriculture - Joint-stock: the virginia Company (business enterprise) -Powhatan -pocahontas -john rolfe- discovered that western indian tobaaco grew well in VIrginia Saved colony -indentured servitude-1619 give 50 acres to everyone who come over 1624 way to get more people in the colony |
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Vasco De Game
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Portuguese explorer, rounded the cape of Good hope in 1497
-- Established trading post in mozambique as well as Goa in india |
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Cross-cultural exchange
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-Race; perceptions of “whitness” otherness
-New theories of physical difference -religion;”syncretism (blending)- taking certain aspects and blending them to make something new -agency; the ability to act and make decision -are they converting for power - or because they have been called |
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Development of the SLave Trade
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-Quick expansion of the slave trade
-1441-1841: 10-15 Million Africans takein in slavery ( this doesnt include the number who dies reaching the slave port of Africa) -Gender disparity: 2 out of 3 slaves were male -Most went to the caribbean or Brazil, but the approximately 500,000 were taken to South AMerican Slavery goes hand in hand with agriculture labor for the production of wealth |
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Why did africans foster the development of slavery?
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_CONTROL -- facilitated politics..stable trading partner in Africa
=- strong centralized government you cant fight them... == they control the slave tab, they police the quality and quantitive --- the price of slaves in the 1700 inrease by 400% because of the flood of slavery |
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COlonial Societies
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= Labor systems: Encomienda/slavery
=bilogical exchange, diseases, animals, crops =attempts to recreate”old world social structures’ -encomienda british trying to recreate what they left |
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the south Sea Bubble
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first stock market crash 1720 dec 31
- a publicity owned british firm: company profits were to come from participation in the salve trade-4800 slaves per year were to be shipped from Africa to British Colonies -Stock could be purchased on margin (first at 20%, later at 10%) - British public debt converted into shares in the south sea company (debts paids in ssc stock) |
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what replaces the new world system ?
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onfucious/Kong Fuzi (551-479 BCE)
- How does he preach to the people - Han Dynasty (206 BCE -220 CE) adopted confucianism as the law of the kingdom Reciprocal relationship (high to low)=before social contract - the problem in society exist because people step out side their role and failed out their duties and obligations. shame the people if they step out of their roles shame/discipline, again contract between families !! gender |
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Contact between japan and Europe
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-1542 Portuguese Arrive
- Broad range of cultural and economic exchange - Japanese conversion to Christianity, especially among social elites - Shift in 1600--- japanese Isolation begins ----starta to limiting the ways in witch japanese citizens could mingle with europeans .... shift toward full isolation (imposes)isolazinitism on JAPAN |
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Establishment of the tokugawa shogunate-
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Establishment of the tokugawa shogunate-
-CHronic Civil wars ended with the establishment of the Tokugawa Shogunate -Shogun(not hereditary position) - Tokugawa Shogunte ran Japan between 1603 and 1867 highly suspicious of Europeans. The shoguns sees Christianity as a power play with in societies. Focal point where political opposition could take place Tokugawa Ieyasu- first control but has to deal with the emperor (1868) - unifies japan - Japanese Isolation -put ends to civil war |
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TOkugawa Society-
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Military bureaucracy used to watch over the lords (daimyo) and their personal armiries (the samurai)
-Military converted into a lnaded non-military aristocracy devoted to maintaining control over the peasantry - Growth of a merchant class who are able to purchase noble statues |
