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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
bethanecol:
family |
cholinomimetics, direct agonist
|
|
bethanecol:
clinical applications |
Postoperative and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention
|
|
bethanecol:
Action |
used to stimulate smooth muscle motor activity of urinary tract to prevent urine retention
activates bowel and bladder smooth muscle |
|
Carbachol:
name and family |
cholinomimetics, Pilocarpine
|
|
Carbachol:clinical application
|
glaucoma
|
|
Carbachol:Action
|
Activates cilliary muscle of eye (opens angle)
activates pupillary sphincter (narrow angle) |
|
Neostigmine:
family, type, |
cholinomimetic, anticholinesterase, indirect agonists
|
|
Neostigmine:clinical applications
|
Postoperative and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention
myasthenia gravis reversal of NMJ blockade (postoperatively) |
|
Neostigmine:
Action |
increases endogenous Ach
|
|
Name the antocholinesterases
action? |
Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine, Edrophonium, Physostigmine, echothiophate
indirect agonist, cholinomimetics |
|
Pyridostigmine:
clinical applications |
Myasthenia gravis
|
|
Pyridostigmine:Action
|
increases endogenous Ach
|
|
Pyridostigmine: family
|
anticholinesterases, indirect agonist
|
|
Edrophonium: clinical application
|
diagnosis of myasthenia gravis
extremely short acting |
|
Edrophonium: action
|
increases endogenous Ach
|
|
Physostigmine: clinical application
|
Glaucoma: crosses BBB into CNS
atropine overdose |
|
Physostigmine: Action
|
increases endogenous Ach
|
|
Echothiophate: clinical application
|
Glaucoma
|
|
Echothiophate: Action
|
Increases endogenous Ach
|
|
Cholinesterase inhibitors:
name them sx for poisoning |
DUMBBLESS
Diahrrea, Urination, Miosis, Bronchospasm, bradycardia, Excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS, Lacrimation, Sweating, Salivation |
|
Cholinesterase inhibitors: Antidote for poisoning
|
Atropine (muscarinis antagonist) and pralidoxime (chemical antagonist used to regenerate active cholinesterase)
|
|
Muscarinic cholinoreceptor blockers: name them
|
atropine (homatropine, tropicamide), benztropine, scopolamine, Ipratropium
|
|
benzatropine
family effects which organ system application |
muscarinic cholinoreceptor blocker
CNS Parkinsons dz |
|
Scopolamine
family effects which organ system application |
muscarinic cholinoreceptor blocker
CNS motion sickness |
|
Ipratropium
family effects which organ application |
muscarinic cholinoreceptor blocker
respiratory Asthma, COPD |
|
Atropine:
family |
muscarinic cholinoreceptor blockers
|
|
Atropine:organ system that it effects
|
eye, airway, stomach, gut, bladder
|
|
Atropine:effects
eye |
increases pupil dilation, cycloplegia
|
|
Atropine:effects airway
|
decreases secretions
|
|
Atropine:effects stomach
|
decreases acid secretions
|
|
Atropine:effects gut
|
motility
|
|
Atropine:effects bladder
|
decreased urgency in cystitis
|
|
Atropine: Toxicity
|
increased: body temp, rapid pulse, dry mouth, dry, flushed skin, cycloplegia, constipation, disorientation
|
|
Atropine: effects
|
blocks SLUD: Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation
|
|
hexamethonium: what is it?
|
nicotinic Ach receptor antagonist
|
|
hexamethonium: mechanism
|
Nicotinic Ach nicotnic receptor antagonist
|
|
Hexamethonium: clinical use
|
Block ganglion
used in experimental models to prevent vagal reflex response to changes in blood pressure ie) prevents reflex bradycardia caused by NE |
|
Sympathomimetics: name them
|
Catecholamines (Epi, NE, Isoproteronol, dopamine, dobutamine)
Amphetamine, Ephedrine, Phenylephrine, Albuterol (terbutaline), Cocaine, Clonidine (a-methyldopa) |
|
Epinephrine:
family mechanism/selectivity |
catecholamine/sympathomimetic
direct general agonist to A1, A2, B1, B2 |
|
epinephrine:
family application |
catecholamine/sympathomimetic
anaphylaxis, glaucoma (open angle), asthma, hypotension |
|
Norepinephrine:
family mechanism |
sympathomimetic/catecholamine
direct general agonist against A1, A2, B1 |
|
Norepinephrine: Application
|
Hypotension with decreased renal perfusion
|
|
Isoproterenol: family
|
cats/sympathomimetics
|
|
Isoproterenol: mechanism/selectivity
|
B1=B2
|
|
Isoproterenol:Applications
|
AV block (rare)
|
|
Dopamine: family,
|
cats/sympathomimetics
|
|
Dopamine: Mechanism/selectivity
|
D1=D2>B>A
|
|
Dopamine: application
|
Shock (increased renal perfusion), heart failure
|
|
Dobutamine: family
|
cats/sympathomimetics
|
|
Dobutamine: mechanism/selectivity
|
B1>B2
|
|
Amphetamine:
family mechanism/selectivity |
cats/sympathomimetics
indirect general agonist releases stored cats |
|
Amphetamine: applications
|
Narcolepsy, obesity, ADD
|
|
Ephedrine: family
mechanism/selectivity |
ctas/sympathomimetic
indirect general agonist releases stored cats |
|
ephedrine: application
|
nasal decongestion
urinary incontinence hypotension |
|
Phenylephrine:
family mechanism/selectivity |
cats/sympathomimetics
A1>A2 |
|
Phenylephrine: application
|
pupil dilator
vasoconstriction nasal decongestion |
|
Albuterol:
family mechanism/sensitivity |
terbutaline
cats/sympathomimetics B2>B1 |
|
Albuterol: applications
|
asthma
|
|
cocaine
family mechanism/selectivity |
cats/sympathomimetics
indirect general agonist uptake inhibitor |
|
cocaine:
application |
vasoconstriction and local anesthesia
|
|
Clonidine:
other name family mechanism |
cats/sympathomimetics
a-methyldopa cetrally acting A-agonist w/ decreased central adrenergic outflow |
|
clonidine: application
|
hypertension esp. with renal dz (no decrease in blood flow to kidney)
|
|
A blockers:name them
nonselective: A1 selective: A2 selective-- |
NS: phenoxybenzamine (irreversible), phentolamine(reversible)
A1 selective-prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin A2 selective--mirtzapine |
|
Phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine
family application |
A blockers (irreversible, reversible)
pheochromocytoma |
|
Phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine: toxicity
|
Orhtostatic hypotension
reflex tachycardia |
|
Prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin
family application |
A1 selective blockers
Hypertension, urinary retention in BPH |
|
Prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin:
Toxicity |
1st dose orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, headache
|
|
Mirtzapine
family clinical application |
A2 selective blocker
Depression |
|
Mirtzapine: toxicity
|
Sedation
increased serum cholesterol increased appetite |
|
B blockers; name them
|
Anything with -olol
propanolol, metoprolol, atenolol, nadolol, timolol, pindolol, esmolol, labetol |
|
B blockers: effect
|
hypertension: decreased CO, renin secretion
Angina pectoris: dec. HR, contractility, resulting in decreased O2 consumption MI: B blockers decreaed mortality SVT: (propranolol,esmolol) dec AV conduction velocity CHF: slows progression of heart failure Glaucoma: (timolol) dec secretion of aqueous humor |
|
B blockers: Toxicity
|
Impotence
Exacerbation of asthma CV effects: bradycardia, AV block, CHF CNS effects: sedation, sleep alterations use with caution in diabetics |
|
B blockers: selectivity
nonselective: b1 selective |
Nonselective (B1=B2)--propranolol, timolol, pindolol, nadolol, labetalol
Labetol-also blocks A1 B1 selective (B1>B2) "A BEAM" Acebutolol, Betaxolol, Esmolol (short acting) Atenolol, Metoprolol |
|
Glaucoma drugs..
name drugs that are used and effect |
Alpha agonist-epinephrine, brimonidine
beta-blocker--Timolol, betaxol, certelol Diuretics--Acetazolamide Cholinomimetics--Pilocarpine, carbachol, physostigmine, echothiophate Prostaglandin--latanprost |
|
Glaucoma--A agonists: names, MOA, SE
|
Epinephrine-increase outflow of aqueous humor, mydriasis and stinging
Do not use in closed-angle glaucoma Brimonidine--decrease in aqueous humor synthesis, SE-no pupillary or vision changes |
|
Glaucoma--B blockers: name, MOA, SE
|
Timolol, betaxolol, carteolol
MOA: decrease aqueous humor secretion SE: No pupillary or vision changes |
|
Glaucoma: diuretics: Name, MOA, SE
|
Acetazolaminde
MOA-decrease aqueous humor secretion humor dt decreased HCO3 via inhibition of carbonic anhydrase SE: No pupillary or vision changes |
|
Glaucoma: cholinomimetics..Name, MOA, SE
|
Pilocarpine, carbachol, physostigmine, echothiophate
MOA: Increase outflow of aqueous humor; contract ciliary muscle; open trabecular meshwork SE: Miosis, cyclospasm |
|
Glaucoma: Prostaglandin
Name, MOA, SE |
Latanoprost
MOA: increase outflow of Aqueous humor SE: darkens color of iris (browning) |