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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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vit B1 name and function
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thiamine; part of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), cofactor for dehydrogenase enzymes (pyruvate DH, a-KG DH) which act to produced ATP as well as transdetolase reactions
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vit B2 name and function
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riboflavin; cofactor in oxidation and reduction (FAD, FMN)
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vit B3 name and function
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niacin; part of NAD, NADP, derived from tryptophan and synthesis requires B6
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vit B5 name, function and deficiency
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pantothenate; component of CoA and FA synthase; def leads to dermatitis, eneritis, alopecia, adrenal insuff
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vit B6 name and function (5)
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pyridoxine; converted to pyridoxal phosphate which is a cofactor in transamination, NT synthesis, heme synthesis, glycogen phosphorylase; required for synthesis of B3
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vit B12 name and function
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cobalamine; cofactor for homocyteine methyltransferase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase which are involved in DNA synthesis and odd chain FA metabolism; large reserve pool in liver
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fat soluble
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A, D, E, K; absorption dependent on gut (ileum) and pancreas; incr risk of toxicity because they can accumulate
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vit A function (3)
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antioxidant, growth in children, visual pigments
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vit A deficiency and excess
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def: night blindness, dry skin excess: "hunter eating bears liver", cerebral edema (HA), arthralgias, fatigue, alopecia, teratogenic
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B2 deficiency
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occurs in severe malnurishment; chelosis and corneal vascularization
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B3 deficiency
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of B3 or tryptophan or B6; causes glossitis and pellagra (dirrhea, dermatitis and demential); causes of def include Hartnup (decr tryptophan absorption), malignant carcinoid (incr tryptophan metab) and INH (decr B6)
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B6 deficiency
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convulsions, hyperirritability, peripheral neuropathy, siderblastic anemia
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B12 deficiency
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megaloblastic anemia, neurological symptoms (parasthesias), glossitis; caused by malabsorption, lack of IF, absence of terminal ileum, chronic pancreatitis, vegans
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folic acid function
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converted to THF which is used in 1 C transfers (esp important in synthesis of nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA), small reserve in liver (3-4 month), from green leaves mostly
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folic acid deficiency
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can occur in alcoholics, pts on OCPs or pregnant or on drugs like phenytoin/sulfonamides/MTX); causes megaloblastic anemia, NO neurological symptoms
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biotin function
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cofactor in carboxylase reactions: pyruvate carboxylase (pyr to oxalo), acetyl CoA carboxy (acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA in FA synthesis), proponyl CoA carboxy (P-CoA to methylmalonyl CoA)
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vit C function (3)
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keeps iron in Fe+2 state which facilitates absorption, hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen, conversion of DA to NE
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vit E function (2)
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antioxidant which protects RBCs from lipid peroxidation damage to membranes; also neutrolizes oxidized LDL (cardioprotective)
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excess and def of Vit E
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def: incr fragility of RBCs causes HA, muscle weakness, neurodysfunction; excess: inhibits Vit K dependent coag factor synthesis
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vit K function and synthesis
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gamma-carboxylation of glutamic acid on clotting factors (2,7,9,10, Protein C and S); synthesized by gut bacteria
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zinc function
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essential in 100+ enzymes, incl metaloproteases, growth and spermatogenesis in kids
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zinc def
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delayed wound healing, hypogonadism, dysguisia, anosmia; occurs in alcoholics, DM
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chromium
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glucose tolerence factor
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selenium
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component of glutathione peroxidase (antioxidant)
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Kwashiokor
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protein malnutrition; flaky skin, pitting edema, fatty liver with subsequent malfunction
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marasmus
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energy malnutrition leading to muscle and tissue wasting, loss of sub-q fat, variable edema
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forms of Vit D
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storage form: 25-OH-D3; active form: calcitrol, 1,25-(OH)2-D3
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copper deficiency
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weak collagen and elastic tissue, predisposes to disecting aortic aneurysm, poor wound healing
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