Boards - Q Bank Questions

Front 1

rx for toe nail fungi

Back 1

terbinafine (others like fluconazole, griseofulvin) aren't strong enough)

"Toenail Terbinafine"

Front 2

heterophile antibodies

Back 2

agglutinate
associated with EBV

Front 3

cold agglutins

Back 3

mycoplasma
autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Front 4

koilocytes

Back 4

HPV

Front 5

negri bodies

Back 5

rabies virus

Front 6

owl's eye inclusions

Back 6

CMV

Front 7

Peutz Jeghers increases risk of

Back 7

carcinomas of pancreas, colon, stomach, small intestine, breast, ovary, uterus, cervix, lung

Front 8

tuberous sclerosis associated with what dermatology

Back 8

angiolipomas

Front 9

von-Hippel Landua is associated with

Back 9

AD polycystic kidney disease
renal cell carcinoma

Front 10

precocious sexual development
coast of Maine pigmented skin macules
polyostotic fibrous dysplasia (local bony defects)

Back 10

McCune-Albright

Front 11

maternal contribution to placenta

Back 11

lacunar network (all else from fetus)

Front 12

CD4 count for thrush

Back 12

200-400

Front 13

CD4 count for pneumocystis, HIV encephalopathy, Kaposi, crypto, MAC

Back 13

0-199

Front 14

time frame for type I vs type IV hypersensitivity and reason for difference

Back 14

Type I is immediate and is IgE mediated; Tye IV is 48-72 hours and involves cell-mediated immunity

Front 15

mediator of pathology in RA

Back 15

immune complex mediated destruction of tissue and activation of complement (Type III hypersensitivity)

Front 16

Type of hypersensitivity in RA and Lupus

Back 16

Type III

Front 17

What kinds of cells mediate Type IV hypersensitivity

Back 17

Cytotoxic Ts

Front 18

Stain for Hairy Cell leukemia

Back 18

TRAP

Front 19

type of bone lesions produced by breast cancer

Back 19

lytic and blastic
(vs only blastic for prostate)
(vs lytic for kidney, lung, thyroid)

Front 20

embryonic layer for spinal & cranial nerves, autonomic ganglia, melanocytes, leptomeninges, connective tissue, branchial arch bone, adrenal medulla

Back 20

neural crest cells

Front 21

embryonic layer for CNS, PNS, epidermis, mammary glands, pituitary gland, tooth enamel, neural crest

Back 21

ectoderm

Front 22

embryonic layer for tonsils, thyroid, PT, thymus, lilver, pancreas, GI/RT lining, bladder, urethra, auditory tube

Back 22

endoderm

Front 23

embryonic layer for adrenal cortex, connective tissue, cartilage, bone, muscle, blood, lymph, kidneys, gonads, serous membranes

Back 23

mesoderm

Front 24

embryonic layer for nuclei pulposis of intervertebral disks in spinal cord

Back 24

notochord

Front 25

severe headache
tachycardia and palpitations
diaphoresis
anxiety
HTN episodes

Back 25

pheochromocytoma

Front 26

copper/zinc superoxide dismutase gene SOD1

Back 26

ALS

Front 27

how hammerhead ribozymes work

Back 27

cleave RNA phosphodiester bonds and mediate degradation of mutant mRNA in ALS

Front 28

antidepressants with strong anticholinergic side effects

Back 28

TCAs

Front 29

what kind of antidepressants do Parkinsons patients need?

Back 29

TCAs because they have to have a balance of cholinergics and dopamine. Since dopamine is depleted, cholinergics have to be, too. And TCAs are anticholinergic

Front 30

Anti-Scl 70 (=anti-DNA topoisomerase)

Back 30

systemic scleroderma

(vs anticentromer Abs for the CREST variant of scleroderma)

Front 31

anti-RNP

Back 31

Sjogren

Front 32

where does axillary artery run in the axilla

Back 32

in the Axillary sheath with three cords of the brachial plexus

Front 33

cafe au lait spots
pigmented iris hamartomas
multiple peripheral nerve tumors

Back 33

NF1 (von Rechlinghausen)

Front 34

location of BRCA-1

Back 34

17q

Front 35

location of APC gene

Back 35

5q

Front 36

location of p43

Back 36

17p

Front 37

location and association of DPC

Back 37

18q, colon cancer

Front 38

what does southwestern blot do

Back 38

looks for proteins that are DNA binding proteins

Front 39

HLA-B27

Back 39

psoriatic arthritis
acute anterior uveitis
Reiter syndrome

Front 40

dry eyes and mouth

Back 40

Sjogrens

Front 41

altered ceruloplasmin levels

Back 41

Wilson disease

Front 42

serum alpha-fetoprotein increase

Back 42

hepatocelllular carcinoma

Front 43

what affects contraction velocity?

Back 43

myosin ATPase activity

Front 44

Composition of IgG

Back 44

2 gamma chains, plus
either 2 kappa or 2 lambda

Front 45

what class is imipramine

Back 45

TCA

Front 46

what do TCAs do

Back 46

block reuptake of 5HT and NE

Front 47

which drug classes potentiate GABA

Back 47

benzodiazepines and barbiturates

Front 48

do TCA's raise or lower the seizure threshold

Back 48

lower

Front 49

what med inhibits production of II, VII, IX and X

Back 49

warfarin (via interfering with synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors

Front 50

where is calcium stored in cardiac muscle

Back 50

T tubules (unlike skeletal) and terminal cisternae (as in in skeletal)

Front 51

which interleukin is most helpful in treating cancer

Back 51

IL-2

Front 52

structure that is medial to the femoral ring

Back 52

lacunar ligament

Front 53

three borders of the femoral ring

Back 53

Medial - lacunar ligament
anterior - inguinal ligament
posterior - pubis
lateral - femoral vein

Front 54

common cause of mixed acidosis

Back 54

cardiopulmonary arrest

Front 55

B lymphocytes with evidence of somatic hypermutation

Back 55

Hodgkins - Reed Sternberg cells

Front 56

Epstein Barr virus is not found in which kind of Hodgkins

Back 56

nodular sclerosis type (i.e., the most common)

Front 57

Mummification

Back 57

unusual form of cell death found in class forms of Hodgkin lymphoma

Front 58

only form of Hodgkins that CD20 is associated with

Back 58

lymphocyte predominant form

Front 59

somatic hypermutation

Back 59

Hodgkins disease

Front 60

carpal spasm after application of blood pressure cuff

Back 60

Trousseau sign - hypocalcemia (possibly from loss of parathyroid gland)

Front 61

facial muscle contraction on tapping in front of the ear

Back 61

Chvostek sign - hypocalcemia

Front 62

baby born with small head, small eyes, 6 fingers on each hand, congenital heart defects

Back 62

Trisomy 13 Patau

Front 63

severe mental retardation
rocker bottom feet (also in another one)
low-set ears, micrognathia
clenched hands, prominent occiput
death within one year

Back 63

Trisomy 18 - Edwards

Eighteen Edwards Ears low Evanescent

Front 64

rocker bottom feet

Back 64

Patau (Trisomy 13) and Edwards (Trisomy 18)

Front 65

arhinencephaly
holoprosencephaly
growth retardation
mental retardation
sloping forehead
microphthalmia
cleft lip and palate
polydactyly

Back 65

Trisomy 13 - Pataus

Front 66

clawing of digits 2 and 3 and loss of thenar muscle function

Back 66

median nerve trouble at the wrist

Front 67

decreased flexion of digits and thenar muscles
weakened wrist flexion
loss of pronation
sensory loss on lateral palm, etc

Back 67

median nerve damage at the elbow

Front 68

loss of sensation on lateral aspect of the forearm

Back 68

musculocutaneous nerve injury

Front 69

loss of wrist extension
loss of extensors of digits
sensory loss on the posterior forearm and hand

Back 69

radial nerve injury of the elbow

Front 70

don't fit hat
hearing loss

Back 70

osteitis deformans (Paget's disease of the bone)

Front 71

pseudofractures

Back 71

osteomalacia

Front 72

thinning of cortical bone, especially in phalanges and mandible

Back 72

hyperparathyroidism

Front 73

antimitochondrial antibody

Back 73

primary biliary cirrhosis

Front 74

blue sclerae

Back 74

osteogenesis imperfecta

Front 75

pleiotropy

Back 75

osteogenesis imperfecta

= multiple seemigly unrelated physical effects from a single genotype

Front 76

pathway for alpha 1 receptor

Back 76

Gq
PIP2 , which can either
- DAG - PKC
- IP3 - Ca++ release from ER

Front 77

pathway for beta 1 adrenergic receptors

Back 77

cardiac stimulation

Front 78

pathway for beta 2 adrenergic receptors

Back 78

smooth muscle relaxation (bronchial, uterine, vascular)

Front 79

pathway for D1 receptors

Back 79

Gs
AC
cAMP
PKA
arterial smooth muscle relaxation

Front 80

pathway for D2 receptors

Back 80

Gi
inhibits AC
lowers cAMP
lowers PKA

Front 81

pathway for GABA - A receptors

Back 81

ligand gated ion channel receptors
chloride flux
stabilizes membrane potential

Front 82

pathway for nicotinic cholinergic receptors

Back 82

ligand-gated ion channel receptors
sodium influx
excitation

Front 83

nerve in stylomastoid foramen

Back 83

VII

Front 84

how do taste fibers and preganglionic PS axons get from facial nerve to their destinations?

Back 84

exit VII before stylomastoid foramen

Front 85

hyperacusis

Back 85

stapedius
(which will not be affected by compression of fibers in stylomastoid foramen becuase it exits proximal to there)

Front 86

dry eye

Back 86

loss of lacrimation because of PS fibers in greater petrosal, which exits from VII prior to stylomastoid foramen

Front 87

saliva dripping from corner of mouth

Back 87

CNVII damage, possibly from compression at the stylomastoid foramen

Front 88

altered taste sensations

Back 88

damage to chorda tympani.

Not affected by compression at stylomastoid foramen because the fibers leave VII before then

Front 89

ptosis

Back 89

CN III damage or sympathetics to the head

Front 90

test that can be used serially to demonstrate cognitive improvement

Back 90

Halstead-Reitan

Front 91

can lead to pseudomyxoma peritonei

Back 91

mucinous cystadenoma

(the pseudomyxoma is not malignant but it creates a glue throughout the peritoneum and that can be fatal)

Front 92

tumor in bladder with what looks like ovarian stroma

Back 92

Brenner tumor

Front 93

ovarian surface epithelium neoplasm that looks like endometrial glands

Back 93

endometrioid tumor

Front 94

2 malignant ovarian tumors

Back 94

Clear cell
Endometrioid

Front 95

what's cyclobenzaprine

Back 95

skeletal muscle relaxant related to TCAs, which means that it has strong anticholinergic side effects

Front 96

xerostoma, mydriasis, tachycardia

Back 96

classic side effects of anticholinergics

Front 97

two main types of muscle relaxants

Back 97

(1) peripheral NM end plate blockers (and the end plate is cholinergic/ACTH)

(2) centrally acting spasmolytics

Front 98

side effects of baclofen

Back 98

transient drowsiness
fatigue
hypotension

Front 99

LFA-1 and ICAM-1

Back 99

diapedesis (getting phagocytes to an area of infection)

Front 100

CD28 and B7

Back 100

complementary molecules in T-cell activation

Front 101

integrin

Back 101

movement thru ECM

Front 102

difference between a diffusion- and perfusion-limited gas

Back 102

partial pressure in the pulmonary capillary does not (vs. does) reach the partial pressure in the alveoli

Front 103

ventromedial nucleus

Back 103

satiet center

Front 104

2 malignant ovarian tumors

Back 104

Clear cell
Endometrioid

Front 105

what's cyclobenzaprine

Back 105

skeletal muscle relaxant related to TCAs, which means that it has strong anticholinergic side effects

Front 106

xerostoma, mydriasis, tachycardia

Back 106

classic side effects of anticholinergics

Front 107

two main types of muscle relaxants

Back 107

(1) peripheral NM end plate blockers (and the end plate is cholinergic/ACTH)

(2) centrally acting spasmolytics

Front 108

side effects of baclofen

Back 108

transient drowsiness
fatigue
hypotension

Front 109

LFA-1 and ICAM-1

Back 109

diapedesis (getting phagocytes to an area of infection)

Front 110

CD28 and B7

Back 110

complementary molecules in T-cell activation

Front 111

integrin

Back 111

movement thru ECM

Front 112

difference between a diffusion- and perfusion-limited gas

Back 112

partial pressure in the pulmonary capillary does not (vs. does) reach the partial pressure in the alveoli

Front 113

ventromedial nucleus

Back 113

satiet center

Front 114

effect of destroying septal nucleus of HT

Back 114

aggressive behavior

Front 115

effect of destroying suprachiasmatic nucleus of HT

Back 115

disrupted circadian rhythms

Front 116

effect of destroying the supraoptic nucleus of HT

Back 116

ADH/ oxytocin decrease
disregulated water balance

Front 117

effect of destruction of ventromedial nucleus of HT

Back 117

hyperphagia
obesity
savage behavior

Front 118

deafness
interstitial keratitis
nothed incisors

Back 118

Hutchison's triad, indicating congenital syphillis

Front 119

rx for CMV

Back 119

ganciclovir

Front 120

rx for toxoplasmosis

Back 120

sulfadiazine

Front 121

saddle nose

Back 121

congenital syphillis

Front 122

mulberry molars

Back 122

congenital syphillis

Front 123

saber shins

Back 123

congenital syphillis

Front 124

clear join fluid
high protein content
PMNs and monos
no bacteria
no crystals

Back 124

rheumatoid arthritis

Front 125

prurulent join fluid
large numbers of PMNs
large numbers of needle-shaped crystals

Back 125

gouty arthritis

Front 126

infant with non-billious projectile vomiting
firm, mobile, olive-like epigastric mass
palpable

Back 126

hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Front 127

peptic ulcer disease, HTN, pheochromocytoma.... Which are associated with panic disorder?

Back 127

peptic ulcer disease
HTN

(although pheo can cause panic attacks)

Front 128

optic canal

Back 128

CNII
ophtalmic artery
central retinal vein

Front 129

superior orbital fissure

Back 129

III
IV
V-1
VI
opthalmic vein

Front 130

foramen rotundum

Back 130

V-2

Front 131

foramen ovale

Back 131

V-3

Front 132

foramen spinosum

Back 132

midle meningeal artery

Front 133

internal auditory meatus

Back 133

VII
VIII

Front 134

jugular foramen

Back 134

IX
X
XI
jugular vein

Front 135

hypoglossal canal

Back 135

XII

Front 136

foramen magnum

Back 136

spinal roots of XI
brain stem
vertebral arteries

Front 137

foramen lacerum

Back 137

nothing!

Front 138

dysphagia due to esophageal webs
glossitis
iron deficiency anemia

Back 138

Plummer Vinson
(can lead to esophageal cancer)

Front 139

elevated LH to FSH
elevated GnRH

Back 139

PCOS

Front 140

elevated enzyme activity in lung in alpha-1-anti-trypsin disease

Back 140

elastase

Front 141

pathogenesis of liver disease is alpha-1-anti-trypsin disease

Back 141

accumulation of a1at

Front 142

tx for diphyllobothrium latum infection

Back 142

praziquantel

Front 143

high-pitched monotonic cry from a child
wide set eyes

Back 143

cri-cu-chat

Front 144

baby
T-cell imunodeficiency

Back 144

DiGeorge anomaly

Front 145

22q11

Back 145

diGeorge

Front 146

terminal deletion of 5p

Back 146

cri-du-chat
"cinq court"

Front 147

structural/functional defects of thymus
hypoparathyroidism
secondary hypocalcemia

Back 147

DiGeorge

Front 148

hypotonia
poor feeding in infancy
hyperphagia and obesity in childhood
late walking
hypogonadism
behavioral problems

Back 148

Prader-Willi
imprinting based (homozygous methylated due to loss of paternal copy)

Front 149

absent/decreased synthesis of alpha or beta globin chain
vs
point mutations

Back 149

thalassemia
vs
sickle cell

Front 150

passes lateral vs. medial to inferior epigastrics

Back 150

indirect hernia lateral
direct hernia medial

Front 151

covered by all three layers of spermatic fascia vs. two

Back 151

indirect vs direct hernia

Front 152

herniates through hesselbach's triangle

Back 152

direct inguinal hernia

Front 153

leading cause of bowel incarceration

Back 153

femoral hernia

Front 154

hernia that's more common in women

Back 154

femoral

Front 155

boundaries of Hesselbach's triangle

Back 155

inferior epigastrics
rectus abdominis
inginal ligament

Front 156

contents of femoral triangle, medial to lateral

Back 156

LEVAN (it's NAVEL if you start lateral!!)
E is for empty space
L is for lymphatics

Front 157

which is more specific, PSA or DRE?
which is more sensitive?

Back 157

PSA is more sensitive
DRE is more specific

Front 158

uncontrolled production of maturing granulocytes (PMNs and others)

Back 158

cml

Front 159

bcl-2 activation

Back 159

follicular lymphoma (in which, therefore, apoptosis is blocked)

Front 160

t(14;18)

Back 160

follicular lymphoma

Front 161

c-myc activation

Back 161

Burkitt's lymphoma

Front 162

deficiency in protein that transports cholesterol in the adrenals and gonad

Back 162

= deficiency in StAR
= congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia

causes male psuedohermaphroditism and adrenal insufficiency

Front 163

diarrhea after a recently started antibiotic

Back 163

pseudomembranous enterocolitis, likely C-diff associated

most likely antibiotic is clindamycin

Front 164

rhomboid crystals

Back 164

pseudogout

Front 165

needle shaped crystals

Back 165

gout

Front 166

cause of mortality in preeclampsia

Back 166

cerebral hemorrhage and ARDS

Front 167

what's the common feature of the mediators of preeclampsia

Back 167

vasoconstricting TXA2, AII
decreased PGI2, PGE, NO

and these happen to maintain perfusion to the fetus

Front 168

pregnant
excess weight gain
flluid retention

Back 168

mild preeclampsia

Front 169

persisten headache
epigastric pain
visual disturbance
pregnant

Back 169

severe pre-eclampsia

Front 170

brain lesion with IFgamma present

Back 170

MS, which is a type IV hypersensitivity disease!

CD4+ TH1 lymphocytes react against self myelin antigens

Front 171

autoantibodies against muSK (Muscle Specific Kinase)

Back 171

MG

Front 172

antibiotics that have anti-nicotinic side effects

Back 172

aminoglycosides

(curare-like side effects)

Front 173

increased density of parietal cells in the body of the stomach

Back 173

zollinger ellison due to increased gastrin secretion by the pancreas

Front 174

other name for APL

Back 174

M3 type of AML

Front 175

AML patient with DIC

Back 175

APL, or M3 type AML
DIC here is due to release of the granules that appear as Auer rods

Front 176

AML associated with myelofibrosis

Back 176

M7 type = acute megakaryoblastic leukemia

Front 177

nosocomial skin infection in CF, neutropnia or severe burns

Back 177

ecthyma gangrenosum due to pseudomonas aeruginosa

Front 178

defective platelet aggregation

Back 178

thrombasthenia

Front 179

antiplatelet antibodies

Back 179

ITP

Front 180

35 year old African American man
hilar adenopathy
uveitis
erythema nodosum
arthritis
etc

Back 180

sarcoidosis

Front 181

focal necrotizing vascultis in lungs, kidneys, nasal passages
first sign is rhinits
then hemoptysis and renal failure

Back 181

Wegener's

Front 182

increased PR interval without missed QRS complexes

Back 182

1st degree AV block

Front 183

progressive prolongation of PR interval until a beat is skipped

Back 183

2nd degree AV block Mobitz type 1

Front 184

nonconducted P waves without preceding prolongation of PR interval

Back 184

2nd degree AV block Mobitz type II

Front 185

no relationship between P waves and QRS complexes

Back 185

3rd degree AV block

Front 186

highly antigenic capsule
gram positive
catalase negative
alpha hemolytic
diplococci

Back 186

strep pneumo

Front 187

baby with kernicterus not responding to light therapy

Back 187

Crigler-Najjar - absent/deficient UDP-glucuronyl transferase, thereby with no glucuronidation of bilirubin and accumulating unconjugated bilirubin

Front 188

blocking antibodies

Back 188

mechanism of desensitization

Front 189

fibrillary cytoplasm (tissue paper-like) in macrophages
hepatosplenomegaly
pancytopenia

Back 189

Gaucher's disease

Front 190

treatment for essential tremor

Back 190

nonselective beta blocker, i.e., propranolol

Front 191

impaired glucose tolerance
coarsening facial features
increased plasma IGF-1
increased plasma insulin

Back 191

acromegaly

Front 192

bacteria that can be grown at 42 degrees and often causes diarrhea post consumption of improperly cooked chicken

Back 192

Campylobacter

Front 193

bacteria that can grow at 4 degrees

Back 193

listeria
yersinia

Front 194

bloody diarrhea
ate poultry

Back 194

campylobacter

Front 195

gram negative curved rod

Back 195

campylobacter

Front 196

what's used to test whether an organism is oxidase positive?

Back 196

phenylenediamine

Front 197

mass in nasopharynx, lungs or sinuses
plasma cell proliferation
small monoclonal IgG spike
no abnormalities in bone marrrow or xray

Back 197

plasmacytoma (solitary myeloma)

Front 198

old person
monoclonal spike on serum/urine electrophoresis
no identifiable mass or bone lesion

Back 198

monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance

Front 199

child
abdominal pain, with no previous findings to explain origin
yellowish brown urine
diarrhea
white cells in urine

Back 199

Crohn's disease with fistula

Front 200

cancer agent that causes
hemorrhagic cystitis
bone marrow suppression

Back 200

doxorubicin

Front 201

gram positive vegetative bacillus

Back 201

c. botulinum

Front 202

neurotoxin

Back 202

tetanospasmin or botulinum toxin

Front 203

ruddy complexion

Back 203

polycythemia

Front 204

transplant associated with polycythemia

Back 204

renal transplant

Front 205

when does fetus start making blood in marrow

Back 205

4 months
Before that in yolk sac (3rd week)
liver (1 month)
spleen and lymphatic organs (2-4 months)

Front 206

Name the disorder and what is lost

enlarged rugal folds
increased mucus production
deficient production of gastric acid

Back 206

Menetrier disease
protein wasting

Front 207

ingestion of fried rice

Back 207

bacillus cereus

Front 208

home canned vegetables and homemade sausages

Back 208

clostridium perfringens

Front 209

severe nausea and vomiting within a few hours (3-6) of eating ham, potato salad, cream pastries

Back 209

staph aureus, with enterotoxin A

Front 210

food poisoning from meat or vegetables;
incubation > 6 hours
diarrhea

Back 210

bacillus cereus, diarrheal form

Front 211

high RBC post diuresis

Back 211

polycythemia vera

Front 212

why is SMX-TMP a risk for patients with G6PD deficiency

Back 212

becuase it oxidizes and G6PD normally reduces/detoxifies

Front 213

mediator responsible for development of macrophages in TB

Back 213

IFgamma

Front 214

what's the window period in Hep B

Back 214

period when there is
antigens have been eliminated (s and e)
some antibodies are in full swing (c and e)
but not yet antibodies to s

The window period ends when anti-HBs antibodies rise

Front 215

cause of death in TCA overdose

(how could you treat in the ER)

Back 215

arrhythmia

treat with IV sodium bicarb

Front 216

cause of death in sedative-hypnotic or narcotic overdose

Back 216

aspiration of gastric contents, or
respiratory depression, or
coma and aspiration of gastric contents
(i.e., many ways!)

Front 217

cause of death in acetaminophen and mushroom ingestion

Back 217

hepatotoxicity

Front 218

sore throat
low grade fever
adherent membrane in oral or nasal mucosa

Back 218

diphtheria

Front 219

bacteria whose toxin inhibits translation elongation

drugs that inhibit transcription elongation

Back 219

diphtheria

rifampin (which targets DNA polymerase)

Front 220

bacterial toxin that targets
cardiac
nerve
epithelial

Back 220

diphtheria toxin

Front 221

persistent hypertension

Back 221

pheochromocytoma

Front 222

vanillylmandelic acid or homovanillic acid

Back 222

pheochromocytoma

(it's a metabolic product of NE)

Front 223

5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in urine

Back 223

carcinoid

(it's a metabolic product of serotonin)

Front 224

LLH, FSH, GnRH in menopause

Back 224

all increase

Front 225

what predicts the metastatic potential of carcinoid

Back 225

site (stomach, ileum, colon)
size

Front 226

chromogranin positivity

Back 226

carcinoid

Front 227

neuron-specific enolase

Back 227

carcinoid

Front 228

chronic antral gastritis

Back 228

h pylori

Front 229

chronic fundal gastritis

Back 229

pernicious anemia

Front 230

hypertrophic gastritis

Back 230

Menetrier's disease
markedly enlarged mucosal folds

Front 231

lymphocytic gastritis

Back 231

celiac sprue

Front 232

acute gastritis

Back 232

disruption of mucosal barrier of stomach, that can be related to
alcohol
aspirin or NSAIDS or steroids
smoking
shock
uremia

Front 233

disorientation
stupor
coma

Back 233

low Na+

Front 234

irritability
delrium
coma

Back 234

high Na+

Front 235

U waves on ECG
flattened t waves
arrhythmias
paralysis

Back 235

low K+

Front 236

peaked T waves
wide QRS
arrhythmia

Back 236

high K+

Front 237

tetany
neuromuscular irritability

Back 237

low Ca++

Front 238

delirium
renal stones
abdominal pain

Back 238

high caclcium

Front 239

neuromuscular irritability
arrhythmia

Back 239

Low Mg++

Front 240

Delierum
decreased DTRs
cardiopulmonary arrest

Back 240

high Mg++

Front 241

bone loss
osteomalacia

Back 241

low PO4--

Front 242

metastatic calcification
renal stones
met calcifications

Back 242

high P04

Front 243

2 causes of schistocytes

Back 243

DIC
prosthetic valves

Front 244

urethritis
cervicitis (females)
arthritis
conjunctivitis
mucocutaneous lesions
tongue lesions
penile lesions
chlamydial infections

Back 244

Reiters
"Can't see, can't pee, can't climb a tree"

Front 245

giant cells
macrophages
collagen production
hemosiderin deposition that can involve the synovium
synovial fluid can be non-inflamm or hemorrhagic

Back 245

pigmented villonodular tenosynovitis

Front 246

spiral shaped
gram-negative
rod
oxidase positive
catalase positive
motile
produces urease

Back 246

h pylori

Front 247

defect in canalicular organic anion transporter
black liver

Back 247

Dubin-Johnson

Front 248

dark-red liver

Back 248

angiosarcoma
(hemochromatosis would be described as dark-red to brown)

Front 249

black nodules on a liver (but not uniformly black)

Back 249

malignant melanoma

Front 250

rule of 10%

Back 250

pheochromocytoma

Front 251

placental abruption
bleeding from multiple sites, including venipuncture sites an doral mucous membranse

Back 251

DIC

Front 252

consumption of both platelets and clotting factors

Back 252

DIC

Front 253

paresthesia on medial side of one hand and forearm
diminution of radial pulse

Back 253

thoracic outlet syndrome
(=scalene triangle syndrome)

Front 254

innervatest he cricothyroid muscle of the larynx

Back 254

superior laryngeal nerve

Front 255

herniation of abdominal viscera into hemithorax

Back 255

pulmonary hypoplasia

Front 256

drained by gastroepiploic nodes

Back 256

greater curvature of stomach

Front 257

nodes that drain the bladder

Back 257

internal iliac

Front 258

nodes that drain the rectum, vagina, peritoneum

Back 258

superficial inguinal

Front 259

carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

Back 259

tumore marker for colon cancer

Front 260

Rx to treat variceal bleeding due to congested portal system

Back 260

octreotide

Front 261

absence of part of clavicles
borad skull
facial and dental anomalies

Back 261

cleidocranial dysostosis
(intramembranous ossification trouble)

Front 262

hypocapnia
alkalosis
increased cerebrovascular resistance
decreased cerebral blood flow

Back 262

hyperventilation

Front 263

recurrent URIs despite immunization
typically found in boys

Back 263

Bruton's agammaglobulinemia

Front 264

what kind of organisms need to be defended against by antibodies

Back 264

extracellular, encapsulated ones like strep pneumo and h. flu

Front 265

what is the deficiency in Bruton's agammaglobulinemia

Back 265

a TK needed in B cell maturation

Front 266

Histamine receptor antagonist that is a potent hepatic enzyme inhibitor

Back 266

cimetidine

Front 267

schistosoma haematobium

Back 267

bladder parasite

Front 268

naegleria fowleri
acanthoamoeba
echinococcus granulosis

Back 268

brain parasites

Front 269

dirofilaria
paragonimus wetermanni

Back 269

lung parasites

Front 270

ascaris
Taenia
stonrgyloides

Back 270

small intestine parasites

Front 271

trypanosoma cruzi

Back 271

Chagas disease

Front 272

megaesophagus
megacolon
cardiac failure

Back 272

Chagas disease due to trypanosoma cruzi

Front 273

enlarged rugal folds
(Give disease and physiological effect)

Back 273

Menetrier's disease
hyperplasia of mucous cells
protein-losing enteropathy

Front 274

what do the lymphatics in the popliteal fossa drain?

Back 274

lateral aspect of the dorsum of the foot (which is drained by lymphatics accompanying the short saphenous vein, unlike most everything else that goes with the long saphenous vein to the superficial inguinal nodes)

Front 275

neoplasm that lowers calcium levels
associated with pheochromocytoma

Back 275

medullary thyroid carcinoma (which occur in the parafollicular C cells that release calcitonin, which lowers calcium levels)

Front 276

tumors associated with MEN

Back 276

medullary thyroid carcinoma (IIa, IIb)
pheochromocytoma (IIa, IIb)

Front 277

2 thyroid neoplasms with no hormonal syndrome, one of which is acidophilic

Back 277

Follicular carcioma
Hurthle cell carcinoman (acidophilic)

Front 278

necrotizing vasculitis
upper & lower RT necrotizing granulomas
necrotizing glomerulitis
c-ANCA antibodies

Back 278

Wegners

Front 279

developmental structure that forms the external ear canal

Back 279

1st pharyngeal cleft

Front 280

developmental structure that forms the middle-ear cavity and auditory tube

Back 280

first pharyngeal pouch

Front 281

developmental structure that may form a lateral cervical cyst

Back 281

second pharyngeal cleft

Front 282

developmental structure that forms the tonsillar fossa of phaynx

Back 282

second pharyngeal pouch

Front 283

which bilirubin is higher in blood, conjugated or unconjugated

Back 283

unconjugated

Front 284

is there ileal uptake of bilirubin? bile acids?

Back 284

no
yes (90% of them)

Front 285

where are primary bile acids modified into secondary bile acids?

Back 285

in the colon

Front 286

when secondary bile acids are taken back to the liver are they conjugated or unconjugated

Back 286

they remain conjugated; unconjugated comes primarily from the spleen

Front 287

caused by aspirin or chicken pox in children

Back 287

Rye syndrome

Front 288

cause of Dubin-Johnson

Back 288

inherited conjugated hyperbilirubinemia

Front 289

inherited unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia

Back 289

Gilbert Syndrome

Front 290

hyper conjugated hyperbilirubinemia with a normal colored liver

Back 290

Rotor syndrome
"Dubin Johnson was not a Rotary Club member"

Front 291

MEN III (formerly MEN IIb) disorders

Back 291

medullary carcinoma of thyroid (also IIa)
pheochromocytoma (also IIa)
oral/intestinal ganglioneuromatosis
marfanoid habitus without hyperPT

Front 292

MEN IIa disorders

Back 292

medullary carcinoma of thyroid (also III)
pheochromocytoma (also III)
primary hyperparathyroidism due to parathyroid adenoma

Front 293

MEN I disorders

Back 293

parathyroid adenoma/hyperPT
gastrinomas
insulinomas

Front 294

injury that's hot, red, slowwlen
fever
regional lymph node involvement
spreading cellulitis
petechial rash in area
fingertips darkly discolored and cool

Back 294

strep pyogenes exotoxin-mediated shock
release IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha from macrophages and IFN-gamma from TH cells

Front 295

which cells can regrow epidermis

Back 295

hair follicle cells and sweat glands in the dermis

Front 296

what kind of embryological tissue are macrophages

Back 296

mesenchyme/ mesoderm

Front 297

treatment for DKA

Back 297

fluid replacement
insulin
dextrose (to prevent hypoglycemia due to overcorrection)
potassium

Front 298

major contraindication for acetazolamide

Back 298

DKA

Front 299

which muscles have higher ATPase activity, I or II?

Back 299

I is red fiber/ slow twitch. II has higher ATPase activity

Front 300

median nerve mediated actions

Back 300

thenar muscles
first two lumbricals

Front 301

nerve that does wrist extension

Back 301

radial

Front 302

ulnar nerve mediated actions

Back 302

all intrinsic muscles of hand except thenar, first two lumbricals (median) and wrist extensors (radial)

Front 303

GI disorder that involves the rectum

Back 303

UC

Front 304

what mediates a feeling of fullness in the gut

Back 304

CCK (which is released when fat and protein are consumed)

Front 305

What are L1, L2, M1, M2, M3 leukemia

Back 305

L1 - Acute lymphoblastic, B cell markers

Front 306

where are the gap junctions in cardiac muscle cells found

Back 306

intercalated disks

Front 307

what heart meds resemble phenytoin

Back 307

phenytoin is also a class IB antiarrhythmic that blocks Na channels. So are tocainide, lidocaine and mexiletine

Front 308

layers of abdominal wall

Back 308

skin and superficial fascia
camper fascia
scarpa
external and then internal oblique
transversus abdominis
transversalis fascia
extraperitoneal fascia and then peritoneum

Front 309

what tends to get damaged in blow-out fractures

Back 309

maxillary sinus

Front 310

type of leukemia with erythroid predominance

Back 310

M6

Front 311

collagen type in epiphyseal plates

Back 311

X

Front 312

type of collagen in bone, skin, tendon dentin, fascia, late wound repair

Back 312

I

Front 313

type of collagen in skin, blood vessels, uterus, fetal tissue, granulation tissue

Back 313

III

Front 314

type of collagen in GBM, lens of eye

Back 314

IV

Front 315

type of collagen in cartilage, vitreous body of eye, nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disks

Back 315

II

Front 316

name for a tubular, fluid-filled cavity in the spinal cord

Back 316

syringomyelia

Front 317

spinal cord herniated through a defect in the spinal column

Back 317

myelocele

Front 318

meninges, but not brain or spinal cord, herniates through defect in bony cranium or spinal column

Back 318

menigocele

Front 319

Levels post acetaminophen overdose of
AST
ALT
AlkPhos
Amylase

Back 319

AST and ALT increased (marker of cell destruction)
AlkPhos normal (it's in cells of bile ducts and biliary tree)
Amylase normal (primarily for pancreatitis)

Front 320

C3b's role

Back 320

opsinization, along with IgG

immunecomplex-mediated hypersensitivity

Front 321

what triggers NK cell function

Back 321

lack of MHC I on target cells
antibody-dependent cellular toxiicty

Front 322

what does methimazole treat?

Back 322

hyperthyroidism

Front 323

side effect of methimazole and propylthiouracil

Back 323

agranulocytosis

Front 324

side effect of chloramphenicol

Back 324

inhibits petidyltransferase, thus disabling the formation of peptide bonds

Front 325

fever and sore throat after getting meds for hyperthyroid

Back 325

agranulocytosis due to methimazole or PTU

Front 326

clomiphene's purpose

Back 326

block estrogen-mediated negative feedback in the HT and AP

potential tx for anovulation

Front 327

purpose of progestin challenge

Back 327

to see if there's anovulation. If progestin induces bleeding then there was not an ovulation

Front 328

CAMP test

Back 328

put strep agalacticiae on blood agar with staph aureus and not an additional zone of beta-hemolysis that appears in arrowhead formation on the agar

Front 329

grows in mannitol

Back 329

staph aureus

Front 330

grows in bile

Back 330

enterococcus species

Front 331

what happens with carotid occlusion

Back 331

decreases afferent activity in CN IX
this leads to baroreceptor reflex
this increases sympathetics
and decreases parasympathetics
this causes vasoconstriction
and increased heart rate

Front 332

baroreceptor reflex

Back 332

decreased carotid flow
increased sympathetics
vasoconstriction and increased HR

Front 333

aortic baroreceptor reflex

Back 333

increased MAP
stimulates aortic baroreceptors
produces increased CN X traffic
reduces HR and vasodilates

Front 334

nerve for aortic baroreceptor reflex

Back 334

X

Front 335

nerve for baroreceptor reflex

Back 335

IX

Front 336

type of amyloid in the heart

Back 336

AA

Front 337

what kind of cardiomyopathy occurs with rheumatic heart disease

Back 337

constrictive pericarditis

Front 338

what causes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Back 338

genetic mutations in sarcomere genes (esp beta-myosin heavy chain)

Front 339

what causes hypersensitivity myocarditi

Back 339

antiHTN agents
antibiotics
diuretcs

Front 340

meds for OCD

Back 340

SSRIs
clomipramine works because it's a TCA with both 5HT and NE reuptake

Front 341

non-benzodiazepine anxioltyic

Back 341

buspirone

Front 342

what's phenelzine

Back 342

MAOI

Front 343

a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic

Back 343

zolpidem

Front 344

crew haircut skull xray

Back 344

sickle-cell anemia
due to bone marrow expansion

Front 345

"punched out" lytic bone lesions on xray

Back 345

multiple myeloma

Front 346

postpartum hemorrhage with hypopituitarism
infarciont of pituitary gland due to blood loss

what is it and what is tx?

Back 346

Sheehan's syndrome

immediately replace glucocorticoids and thyroid hormones

Front 347

maltese crosses
intraerythrocytic parasites
Eastern Seabord
1 week incubation

Back 347

babesiosis
infecting protozoan is related to Plasmodium
borne by Ixodes tick

Front 348

transmitted by culex mosquito

Back 348

West Nile encephalitis

Front 349

tick that carries
- Colorado tick fever
- Francisella tularensis
- Rickettsia rickettsii

Back 349

Dermacentor tick (dog tick)

Front 350

tick borne disease causing hemolytic anemia

Back 350

Lyme disease (Borrellia burgdorferi)
ehrlichiosis (Babesia microti)

Front 351

Lone star tick diseases

Back 351

Ehrlichiosis
Tularemia
STARI

Front 352

only antidepressant approved for bulimia

Back 352

fluoxetine

Front 353

thenar wasting

Back 353

median nerve

Front 354

epigastric pain
nighttime coughing spells
diarrhea
weight loss
hypercalcemia
duodenal ulcers negative for h pylori

Back 354

Zollinger-Ellison

Front 355

bad side effect of metformin, and what that can cause

Back 355

lactic acidosis
which can lead to anion gap metabolic acidoses

Front 356

diabetes med leading to hypoglycemia an dcohlestatic jaundice

Back 356

glyburide

Front 357

diabetes med that can cause flatulence

Back 357

miglitol

Front 358

acts as an opsonin for phagocytic cells in clots

Back 358

fibronectin

Front 359

bug causing pediatric mini-outbreaks of diarrhea

Back 359

yersinia

Front 360

bone destruction
soft tissue swelling
periosteal elevation

Back 360

osteomyelitis

Front 361

bony changes at the lower ends of radius and ulna (fuzzy, cup-shaped, spotty rarefaction)

Back 361

rickets

Front 362

increased bone density
cortical thickening
overgrowth

Back 362

Paget's disease of the bone

Front 363

what class of drugs will worsen glaucoma

Back 363

anticholinergics

Front 364

effect of ciliary body on glaucoma

Back 364

aqueous humor production

Front 365

CGG repeats found in the FMR-1 region

Back 365

Fragile X

Front 366

common link between bullous pemphigoid and goodpastures

Back 366

anti GBM antibodies

Front 367

inadequate C1 esterase inhibitor

Back 367

hereditary angiodema

Front 368

circulating immune complexes

Back 368

serum sickness

Front 369

a lot of vomiting, possibly due to food poisoning
a lot of vomiting up blood

Back 369

Mallory-Weiss tear

Front 370

a lot of hematemesis
complete rupture of the esophagus, as can be seen on xray

Back 370

Boerhaave syndrome

Front 371

heritable mental retardation
associated with chromosomal breakage and CGG trinucleotide repeats

Back 371

Fragile X

Front 372

trisomy 13

Back 372

patau

Front 373

trisomy 19

Back 373

Edwards

Front 374

FMR-1 gene

Back 374

Fragile X, on X chromosome

Front 375

effect of T3 administration on
TSH
T4

Back 375

decrease
decrease

Front 376

laminin deficiency

weakness starting with a scapulohumeroperoneal distribution

death by cardiac disease (teens to 50s)

Back 376

X-linked Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy

Front 377

emerin deficiency

weakness starting with a scapulohumeroperoneal distribution

death by cardiac disease (teens to 50s)

Back 377

AD inheritance form of EDMD (Emery Dreifuss MD)

Front 378

cause of DVT in pregnant women

Back 378

hypercoagulable blood state

Front 379

Homan sign

Back 379

pain on extension of foot due to DVT

Front 380

food poisoning with 2 days of multiple episodes of watery diarrhea, some with blood, others with profound cramping and fever


give bug and food

Back 380

campylobacter due to poultry

Front 381

food poisoning with 2 hour onset

Back 381

staph aureus

Front 382

bugs associated with rare red-meat dishes

Back 382

e cloi
trichinella spiralis

Front 383

food poisoning from smoked fish

Back 383

clostridium botulihum

Front 384

nerve that innervates the deltoid

Back 384

axillary

Front 385

nerve that is needed for elbow and finger estension

Back 385

radial nerve

Front 386

nerve that innervates the biceps for elbow flexion

Back 386

musculocutaneous

Front 387

claw hand

Back 387

ulnar nerve lesion

Front 388

can cause, by itself, increase pancreatic bicarb secretion

Back 388

Secretin

Front 389

inhibits pancreatic bicarb secretion

Back 389

somatostatin

Front 390

tumor near the carotid body
woman was in Peru (why is that relevant)
what does it secrete

Back 390

a paraganglia
carotid body tumor
simlar to pheochromocytoma
high altitude can trigger
secretes catecholamines

Front 391

tumor that makes lost of histamine

Back 391

mastocytoma
causes urticaria pigmentosa

Front 392

hypokalemia
metabolic acidosis

Back 392

use of a loop diuretic

Front 393

hypercalcemia
hypophosphatemia

Back 393

primary hyperparathyroidism

Front 394

hypocalcemia
decreased serum PTH

Back 394

primary hypoparathyroidism

Front 395

normal serum levels of calcium and PTH
mental retardation
shortened metacarpals or tarsals

Back 395

pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism

Front 396

hypocalcemia
hyperphosphatemia
decreased serum 1,25 OH2
high PTH
mental retardation
shortened metacarpals
metatarsals

Back 396

pseudohypoparathyroidism due to end-organ insensitivity to PTH (possibly decreased responsivenes of Gs type g proetins in erythrocytes)

Front 397

dizziness
tinnitus
possible hearing impairment
nausea, vomiting
hyperventilation
flushing, sweating etc.

Back 397

salicylate toxicity

Front 398

what worses salicylate toxicity

Back 398

agents that acidify the urine and decrease excretion

Front 399

use of aluminum chloride

Back 399

hypochloremic states and metabolic alkalosis
(it will potentiate salicylate toxicity)

Front 400

abnormal movements
holosystolic apical murmur
no family hx of Huntington's disease

Back 400

mitral regurgitation since the patient who does not have a history of Hungtingtons has Sydenham chorea which correlates to rheumatic fever which also correlates to MVP which is now the leading cause of MR

Front 401

focal areas of microabscess in mesenteric lymph nodes
consumption of milk or pork
or blood transfusion

Back 401

yersinia infection

Front 402

pseudoappendicitis

Back 402

yersinia enterocolitica

Front 403

type of neoplasm associated with apoptosis

Back 403

lymphomas

Front 404

pyknotic nuclei
shrunken cytoplasm
lack of inflammatory reaction

Back 404

apoptosis

Front 405

muscle and nerve for thumb adduction

Back 405

adductor pollicis by ulnar nerve

Front 406

ulnar nerve origin in brachial plexus

Back 406

medial cord only

Front 407

median nerve origin in the brachial plexus

Back 407

lateral and medial cords (so C5-T1)

Front 408

radial nerve origins in brachial plexus

Back 408

posterior cord (so C5-T1)

Front 409

sealing strands

Back 409

tight junctions

Front 410

tonofilaments

Back 410

desmosomes and hemidesmosomes

Front 411

hexagonal lattice of connexons

Back 411

gap junctions
lattice allows ions and small molecules to pass between cells

Front 412

collagen IV
glycoproteins (laminins)
proteoglycans (heparan sulfate)

Back 412

glomerulus basal lamina of basement membrane

Front 413

tissue factor
abruptio placentae

Back 413

DIC

Front 414

antiplatelet antibodies

Back 414

ITP

Front 415

DIC: tissue factor = TTP:

Back 415

primary platelet activation

Front 416

elementary body

Back 416

chlamydia

Front 417

infectious protein

Back 417

prions

Front 418

vegetative cell

Back 418

spores in warm environments with plenty of nutrients

Front 419

mechanism of botulinum toxin

Back 419

prevents fusion of motor neuron secretory vesicles with nerve membrane

Front 420

amoeba in immune suppressed patient's brian
perivascular
multivfocal hemorrhagic necrotiing meningoencephalitis

Back 420

acanthamoeba

Front 421

amoebic dysentery and liver abscess

Back 421

entamoeba histolytica

Front 422

meningoencephalitis in previously healthy swimmers and divers
access to brain via cribriform plate

Back 422

naegleria fowleri

Front 423

increasing head size in the elderly
paramyxovirus infection of osteoclasts

Back 423

Paget's disease

Front 424

genetic deficiency of carbonic anhydrase II

Back 424

osteopetrosis
bone fragility and recurrent fractures in kids
hard but brittle bone

Front 425

tx for polycystic kidney disease

Back 425

ACE inhibitors, because the cysts impair glomeruli, which triggers renin, which triggers the whole RAS axis

Front 426

antibodies to erythrocyte membrane proteins

Back 426

autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Front 427

antibodies to intrinsic factor

Back 427

pernicious anemia

Front 428

antibodies to GPIIb/IIIa

Back 428

ITP

Front 429

mechanism of botulinum toxin

Back 429

prevents fusion of motor neuron secretory vesicles with nerve membrane

Front 430

amoeba in immune suppressed patient's brian
perivascular
multivfocal hemorrhagic necrotiing meningoencephalitis

Back 430

acanthamoeba

Front 431

amoebic dysentery and liver abscess

Back 431

entamoeba histolytica

Front 432

meningoencephalitis in previously healthy swimmers and divers
access to brain via cribriform plate

Back 432

naegleria fowleri

Front 433

increasing head size in the elderly
paramyxovirus infection of osteoclasts

Back 433

Paget's disease

Front 434

genetic deficiency of carbonic anhydrase II

Back 434

osteopetrosis
bone fragility and recurrent fractures in kids
hard but brittle bone

Front 435

tx for polycystic kidney disease

Back 435

ACE inhibitors, because the cysts impair glomeruli, which triggers renin, which triggers the whole RAS axis

Front 436

antibodies to erythrocyte membrane proteins

Back 436

autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Front 437

antibodies to intrinsic factor

Back 437

pernicious anemia

Front 438

antibodies to GPIIb/IIIa

Back 438

ITP

Front 439

kidney stone
stomach ulcer

Back 439

Werner syndrome (MEN I)

The stomach ulcer is mediated by Zollinger Ellison (islet cells - gastrin)

Front 440

ANS failure
orthostatic hypotension
parkinsonism

Back 440

Shy-Drager syndrome

Front 441

medullary thyroid carcinoma
pheocrhomocytoma
parathyroid disease

Back 441

Sipple Syndrome
MENII

Front 442

adenomas of digestive tract and
CNS gliomas (astrocytoma, medulloblastoma)

Back 442

Turcot syndrome
very rare

Front 443

Rx for oral thrush

Back 443

topical nystatin, which complexes with ergosterol

Front 444

pretibial myxedema

Back 444

graves disease

Front 445

absence of P waves
tall, peaked T waves

Back 445

elevated potassium

Front 446

multiple exostoses
multiple colonic polyps
colon cancer

Back 446

Gardner syndrome

Front 447

liver with multinodular vascular tumor
anastomosing channels lined by anaplastic endothelial cells
normal liver parenchyma between tumor nodules

Back 447

liver angiosarcoma due to vinyl chloride exposure

Front 448

liver cancer associated with cirrhosis

Back 448

hepatocellular carcinoma

Front 449

most common source of hepatocellular carcinoma in
- industrialized countries
- developing countries

Back 449

- cirrhosis
- hep B

Front 450

liver cancer associated with oral contraceptive use

Back 450

liver cell adenoma

Front 451

child with severe pain in fingers and toes
fever
raised facial rash
severe anemia
no erythroid precurosor cells

Back 451

parvovirus B19 presenting as severe anemia
(can also cause erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease), aplastic crisis, hydrops fetalis

Front 452

CD 56

Back 452

NK cells

Front 453

CD21

Back 453

receptor for EBV

Front 454

IgM and IgD

Back 454

naive B cells

Front 455

popliteal cyst
give name and structure to avoid

Back 455

Baker cyst
common fibular nerve to be avoided

Front 456

gliosis or astrocytosis

Back 456

MS lesions in CNS

Front 457

aromatic amine exposure is a risk factor for?

Back 457

transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder

Front 458

is smoking a risk factor for cervical cancer?

Back 458

yup

Front 459

chorda tympani controls salivation from which glands

Back 459

submandibular and sublingual

Front 460

what innervates the parodtid gland

Back 460

CN IX

Front 461

36 year old woman
lost history of easy bruising
few platelets
increased megakaryocytes

Back 461

idiopathic throbocytopenic purpura
(immune-mediated destruction of platelets by the spleen)

Front 462

low arterial oxygen content
high Ferric hemoglobin
hematocrit unaffected

Back 462

methemoglobinemia

hematocrit unaffected because that's just a measure of red cell volume

Front 463

difference between overdose on anticholinergics and stimulants

Back 463

stimulants cause diaphoresis

Front 464

tumor arising from remnants of the primitive streak

Back 464

sacrococcygeal teratoma (because the primitive streak has mesoderm)

Front 465

3 year old child
headaches
papilledema
very vascular tumor in a retina
cystic tumor of cerebellum

Back 465

Von-Hippel Lindau
deletion of VHL gene on chromosome 3

Front 466

vascular tumors on retina, cerebellum, medulla
half of affected develop bilateral renal-cell carcinomas

Back 466

von-Hippel Lindau

Front 467

peripheral nerve cancers

Back 467

Neurofibromatosis type I

Front 468

extremely high serum cholesterol

Back 468

homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia

Front 469

painfully enlarged axillary lymph node
normal peripheral blood counts
granulomas filled with necrotic debris in the lymph node

Back 469

Bartonella henselae - cat scratch fever

Front 470

contact with bird droppings
atypical pneumonia
CNS can be involved but lymph nodes spared

Back 470

chlamydophila psittaci

Front 471

inhaling dust or drinking milk from infected mammals
mild nonspecific symptoms or pneumonia
can progress to myocarditis or hepatitis

Back 471

Coxiella burnetii infection leading to Q fever

Front 472

epidemic typhus
rash

Back 472

richettsia prowazekii

Front 473

Prussian blue stain

Back 473

hemochromatosis

Front 474

HLA-A3 locus

Back 474

gene for hemochromatosis

Front 475

reticulin stain

Back 475

fibrosis - can diagnose cirrhosis

Front 476

Sudan stain

Back 476

fat

Front 477

antibodies to ribonucleoprotein La (SS-B) La.

Back 477

Sjogren syndrome

which also involves antibodies to Ro (SS-A)

Front 478

swelling of oral mucosa
dry mouth
inflammation of salivary glands
conjunctivities

Back 478

Sjogrens

Front 479

autoantibodies
proximal muscle weakness

Back 479

polymyositis or dermatomyositis

Front 480

low TSH
tremors
weight loss
discomfort in warmth
abdominal fulness

Back 480

monodermal teratoma - struma ovarii

Front 481

small blue cell tumor

Back 481

Ewing sarcoma
small cell carcinoma of the lung
lymphoma
neuroblastoma

Front 482

drugs for status epilepticus

Back 482

lorazepam or diazepm

Front 483

drug that can extend the life of ALS patients. What's its mechanism

Back 483

Riluzole

it inhibits glutamatergic transmission

Front 484

best drug for tx of spasticity in ALS

Back 484

baclofen

Front 485

pituitary cells that stain pink (acidophils)

Back 485

somatotrophs
mammotrophs

Front 486

dermatological cancer related to failed DNA repair genes

Back 486

xeroderma pigmentosa
NER genes

Front 487

what kind of cancer genes are NF 1 and 2

Back 487

tumor suppressor

Front 488

beading on ECRP

Back 488

primary sclerosing cholangitis

Front 489

UC patient with intermitten cholestatic jaundice

Back 489

primary sclerosing cholangitis
beading on ECRP (due to alternating constriction and dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts)

Front 490

irrgular radiolucent masses in biliary tree

Back 490

gallstones

Front 491

very dilated biliary tree terminating in a blunt, nipple-like obstruction at the lower end of the CBD

Back 491

carcinoma of the pancreas

Front 492

the only gram (-) organism that overproduces outer membrane fragments throughout its life

Back 492

neisseria meningitidis

Front 493

what causes petechiae

Back 493

endotoxin

Front 494

nerves for internal vs external anal sphincter

Back 494

internal - pelvic nerve
external - pudendal nerve

Front 495

sphincter that causes fecal incontinence

Back 495

internal anal sphincter

Front 496

damage to which nerve blocks the defacation reflex

Back 496

pelvic nerve

Front 497

heterotopia that can cause small intestinal bleeding

Back 497

gastric

Front 498

beading on ECRP

Back 498

primary sclerosing cholangitis

Front 499

UC patient with intermitten cholestatic jaundice

Back 499

primary sclerosing cholangitis
beading on ECRP (due to alternating constriction and dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts)

Front 500

irrgular radiolucent masses in biliary tree

Back 500

gallstones

Front 501

very dilated biliary tree terminating in a blunt, nipple-like obstruction at the lower end of the CBD

Back 501

carcinoma of the pancreas

Front 502

the only gram (-) organism that overproduces outer membrane fragments throughout its life

Back 502

neisseria meningitidis

Front 503

what causes petechiae

Back 503

endotoxin

Front 504

nerves for internal vs external anal sphincter

Back 504

internal - pelvic nerve
external - pudendal nerve

Front 505

sphincter that causes fecal incontinence

Back 505

internal anal sphincter

Front 506

damage to which nerve blocks the defacation reflex

Back 506

pelvic nerve

Front 507

heterotopia that can cause small intestinal bleeding

Back 507

gastric

Front 508

p-ANCA antibodies

Back 508

PAN

Front 509

excess free alpha globin chains that precipitate in normoblasts and result in premature apoptosis fo red cell precursors

Back 509

ineffective erythropoiesis of beta-thalassemia

Front 510

critter that transmids Chagas disease

Back 510

reduvid bug (or kissing bug) that transmits trypanosoma cruzi

"T cruzi is a cozy kisser"

Front 511

louse

Back 511

epidemic typhus

Front 512

what do each of the following do with potassium?
- principal cells
- intercalated cells

Back 512

principals secrete potassium
intercalateds reabsorb potassium

Front 513

barking cough

Back 513

croup
parainfluenza virus

Front 514

slightly curved, motile, gram (-) aerobic rods

Back 514

psudomonas

Front 515

otitis externa

Back 515

pseudomonas
more common in diabetics

Front 516

epiglottitis

Back 516

haemophilus influenzae

Front 517

biventricular dilatation
massive cardiac enlargement
diffuse interstitial fibrosis
myocyte necrosis
chronic inflammation
intracelllular parasites
was in Brazil

Back 517

Chagas

Front 518

gram-negative bacillus
aerobic
oxidase-positive
blue-green pigments
fruity odor

Back 518

pseudomonas

Front 519

lab test that visualizes legionella

Back 519

direct fluorescent antibody test

Front 520

bugs tested for by Direct Fluorescent Antibody testing

Back 520

legionella
RSV
HSV 1 and 2
pneumocystis

Front 521

multiple large germinal centers
recognizable light and dark zones
frequent mitotic figures
tingible body macrophages (with debris from ingested lymphoctyes)

Back 521

benign reactive lmphadenitis

Front 522

plethoric features
cyanotic tinge to nose, ears, lips
no smoking or pulmonary history
splenomegaly
elevated hematocrit
elevated leukocyte alk phos

Back 522

CML, i.e., polycythemia vera
(overgrowth of a clone of primitive stem cells with abnormal sensitivity to EPO)

Front 523

what are:
plycythemia vera
chronic myeloid leukemia
myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis
essential thrombocythemia

Back 523

myeloproliferative disorders

Front 524

use of infliximab

Back 524

Chron's disease

Front 525

use of ursodiol

Back 525

reduces cholesterol secretion into bile and dissolves cholesterol gallstones

Front 526

catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 3'-OH of one DNA fragement and the 5' monophosphate group of an adjacent DNA fragment

Back 526

DNA ligase

Front 527

catalyzes the polymerization of nucleotides and also functions in processing and repair mechanisms

Back 527

DNA polymerase I

Front 528

is part of a multiprotein complex and is the major replicating enzyme in E. coli

Back 528

Polymerase III

Front 529

produce swivel points in the DNA molecule that relive the strain induced by the replication for. They also cut and reseal the nick in the DNA

Back 529

Topoisomerases

Front 530

uses ATP energy to unwind the dsDNA at the replication fork

Back 530

DNA hilicase

Front 531

joins the final phosphodiesterase bond to seal any nicks in DNA

Back 531

DNA ligase

Front 532

read the template int he 3' to 5' direction and synthesize DNA from 5' to 3'

Back 532

DNA polymerase

Front 533

no psych history
sudden onset of restlessness,
visual and auditory hallucinations
emotional lability
TMp/SMX 2 weeks prior for UTI
abdominal pain
pale, diaphoretic, tachycardic
symmetric bilateral weakness of lower extremities
decreased tendon reflexes

Back 533

acute intermittent porphyria

Front 534

nausea, vomiting, anorexia
stupor, lethargy
depression, delirium, psychosis
low BP, increased K, decreased Na
eosinophilia

Back 534

Addison diseaase

Front 535

prior respiratory infection
ascendingmuscular weakness
pain
sensory symptoms
autonomic symptoms

Back 535

Guillain-Barre

Front 536

attachs precipitated by drugs that induce heme synthesis (e.g., sulfonamides and phenobarbital)

Back 536

acute intermittent porphyria

Front 537

ovarian tumors that can produce steroid hormones that would induce precocious sexual development

Back 537

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (male hormones)
fibroma-thecoma (rarely does hormones)
granulosa cell tumor (estrogen)

Front 538

ovarian tumor secreting large amounts of hCG

Back 538

choriocarcinoma

Front 539

difference between placental and ovarian choriocarcinoma

Back 539

placental ones respond to treatment, ovarians don't

"Placentals are Polite"

Front 540

germ cell tumors that secrete placental alk phos (PLAP)

Back 540

dysgerminoma of ovary
seminoma of testis

Front 541

anti-hypertensive that is protective of diabetic nephropathy

Back 541

ACEi

Front 542

hypertension before the 20th week of pregnancy

Back 542

hydatidiform mole

Front 543

painless vaginal bleeding in 4th-5th month of pregnancy
hyperemesis
excessive uterine enlargement
very high beta-hCG

Back 543

hydatidiform mole

Front 544

diffuse deposition of calcium into pulmonary interstitium

Back 544

hyper(para)thyroidism
Addison disease
chronic renal failure
bone destruction of leukemia, metastatic carcinoma or multiple myeloma

Front 545

why is methylene blue given?

Back 545

post nitric oxide overdose

to convert methemoglobin to hemoglobin by increasing activity of methemoglobin reductase

Front 546

when is nitrite given?

Back 546

cyanide ingestion

Front 547

oocyte surrounded by several layers of follicular cells
small antrum present

Back 547

secondary follicle

Front 548

inactive reserve follicles that contain primary oocytes surrounded by a single layer of flattened follicular cells

Back 548

primordial follicle

Front 549

central oocyte surrounded by one or several cuboidal folicular cells

Back 549

primary follice

Front 550

follicle that extends through the entire cortex and bulges out at the ovarian survace

Back 550

Graafian follicle

Front 551

cell of the follicle and the theca interna cells enlarge become epithelioid and secrete estrogen. There's yellow pigment and progesterone is secreted

Back 551

corpus luteum

Front 552

single large thyroid nodule occupying one pole. on frozen section it shows benign colloid follicles.

Back 552

thyroid adenoma (benign)

Front 553

recurrent boils in a child
antibiotics work
negative nitrblue tetrazolium test

Back 553

CGD, which involves a defect in NADPH oxidase

Front 554

eczema
thrombocytopenia
immunodeficiency

Back 554

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome due to a cytoskeletal defect

Front 555

defect of IL-2 receptors

Back 555

SCID

Front 556

defect of TK

Back 556

Bruton X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia

with failure of maturation of B lymphocytes

Front 557

thymic aplasia

Back 557

DiGeorge syndrome, in which there's a failure of 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches

Front 558

anatomical parts that drain to the medial side of the horizontal chain of the superficial group of inguinal lymph nodes

Back 558

penis
vagina
anal canal

Front 559

where do ascending colon tumors metastasize to

Back 559

mesenteric nodes

Front 560

where do duodenal tumors metastasize to

Back 560

rich network of lymph nodes around the duodenum, pancreas, stomach and liver

Front 561

where do stomach cancers met to?

Back 561

Virchow
nodes near stomach

Front 562

Technetium scan

Back 562

concentrates in gastric mucosa and can reveal ectopic gastric mucosa in a Meckel's diverticulum (failure of obliteration of the vitelline duct). Meckel's diverticula often have ectopic pancreatic or gastric mucosa. If there's gastric, it can cause bleeding

Front 563

healthy person with finding of increased unconjugated bilirubin

Back 563

Gilbert syndrome, due to enzymatic defect of bilirubin glucuronyltransferase

(Melissa Gilbert was unconjugated from Little House)

Front 564

syndrome that represents severral disorders of severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia that can be fatal

Back 564

Crigler-Najjar

Jarring unconjugation of bilirubin

Front 565

gold-colored Kayser-Fleischer rings in iris

Back 565

Wilson's disease

Front 566

hereditary conjugated hyperbilirubinemias

Back 566

Dubin-Johnson
Rotor syndrome (DJ without the black pigment)

Front 567

jaundice related to stress

Back 567

Gilbert Syndrome
benign hereditary deficiency of UGT yielding unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia

Front 568

selective, noncompetitive H1 receptor antagonist and mast cell stabilizer that is topical and fast-acting, long-lasting

Back 568

Ketoifen

Keto-eye-fast

Front 569

41 year old woman
chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain
fatigue
frequent headaches
pain improves slightly with exercise
trigger point on trapezius and lateral epicondyle fo the elbow
no inflammation

Back 569

fibrositis/fibromyalgia

treated with TCAs or skeletal muscle relaxants with stonr anticholingergic side effects

Front 570

anticholinergic side effects

Back 570

dry mouth
tachycardia
urinary retention
decreased GI motility

Front 571

5 year old girl with growth failure
headaches exacerbated by reading
papilledema
mass overlying optic chiasm
mass has a multiloculated cystic and solid tumor with borwn, oily fluid

Back 571

craniopharyngioma deriving from Rathke's pouch

Front 572

gray, thin vulvular pidermis

Back 572

lichen sclerosis

Front 573

tender introitus with focal ulcerations

Back 573

vestibular adenitis

Front 574

white vulvular plaque

Back 574

vulvar squamous hyperplasia

Front 575

med for toxoplasma and what its mechanism is

Back 575

pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine, both of which act on the folate synthesis pathway

Front 576

what kind of antibiotics target ribosomes

Back 576

aminoglycosides

Front 577

what antibiotics inhibit DNA topoisomerase

Back 577

fluoroquinolones

Front 578

2 diseases with expansion of tandem nucleotide repeats

Back 578

Fragile X and Huntingtons

Front 579

65 year old immigrant
thick, erythematous nodules on ears and nose
significant associated sensory loss
nodules grew slowly
dermal granulomas with giant cells
a few acid fast bacteria
no Lowenstein-Jensen medium growth

Back 579

Tuberculoid leprosy

Front 580

sand-fly bit
ulcerated skin lesion

Back 580

Leishmaniasis

Front 581

roundworm infection transmitted by black flies of Africa and South America
inflamed subcutaneous nodule

Back 581

onchocerciasis or river blindness

Front 582

composition of Bence-Jones proteins

Back 582

light chains

Front 583

disease associated with Bence-Jones proteins

Back 583

multiple myeloma

Front 584

7-10 days after taking a drug
fever
cutaneous pruritic eruptions (morbilliform and/or urticarial)
lymphadenopathy
arthralgias/arthropathy
possibly erythema multiforme
possible glomerulonephritis and neuropathy

Back 584

serum sickness

Front 585

meds for serum sickness due to cefaclor (common cause in kids)

Back 585

prednisone and diphenhydramine

Front 586

most common cause of serum sickness

Back 586

penicillin

Front 587

greenish-brown rings around the outer edge of the cornea

Back 587

Wilson disease

that was a Kayser-Fleischer ring

treat with penicillamine

Front 588

what's EDTA used for

Back 588

lead chelation

Front 589

what is a hydroxyproline content common to

Back 589

collagens

Front 590

psammoma bodies - associated diseases

Back 590

(PSaMMoma)
Papillary carcinoma of thyroid
Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary
Meningioma
Malignant Mesothelioma

Front 591

what are psammoma bodies

Back 591

single necrotic cells that serve as a nidus for crystallization of calcium salts

Front 592

test for pneumocystis jiroveci - i.e., to identify the specific agent

Back 592

direct fluorescent antibody test

Front 593

how is HIV viral load determined

Back 593

PCR

Front 594

How is HIV diagnosed

Back 594

Western blot

Front 595

aids patient
atypical pneumonia
cyanosis

Back 595

Pneumocystis

Front 596

down's syndrome baby
bilious vomiting on first feeding

Back 596

duodenal atresia
failure of recanalization of part of embryonic gut

Front 597

double bubble picture in xrays
vomiting infant

Back 597

duodenal atresia

Front 598

gag reflex afferent and efferent

Back 598

afferent (how you feel it) is IX
efferent (how you respond) is X
ipsilateral

Front 599

med used for AML, that is a DNA polymerase inhibitor

Back 599

cytarabine

Front 600

what is etoposide used for

Back 600

testicular cancer
SCLC
leukemia

Front 601

likely spot for volvulus in an elderly person

Back 601

sigmoid colon, because not tied in place by peritoneal membrane

Front 602

decreased sed rate

Back 602

polycythemia (many cells)
sickle cell anemia (altered shape)
CHF (not sure why)

Front 603

increased sed rate

Back 603

cancer
infection
pregnancy
connective tissue diseases

Front 604

difference between HUS and TTP

Back 604

in HUS the CNS is not involved

Front 605

cause of ITP

Back 605

autoantibodies to platelet antigens

Front 606

what is essential for conjugate gaze

Back 606

medial longitudinal fasciculus

Front 607

which polymerase is restricted to the nucleolus? why?

Back 607

RNA polymerase I, which is involved in the synthesis of 28S, 18S, and 5.8S rRNA's, which are needed for ribosome synthesis

Front 608

where is RNA polymerase II found? what does it do?

Back 608

all around the nucleus.
It transcribes DNA to mRNA

Front 609

where is RNA polymerase III found?

Back 609

in cytosol and nucleus
it synthesizes tRNA, rRNA (5S only) and sRNA

Front 610

what causes increased bleeding time

Back 610

platelet dysfunction

Front 611

what causes elevated aPTT, pT, TT

Back 611

dysfunction of coagulation

Front 612

what does aspirin inhibit

Back 612

platelet aggregation

Front 613

benign disorganized nests of all of the normal hepatic cells

Back 613

focal nodular hyperplasia

Front 614

Mallory bodies

Back 614

nicronodular cirrhosis

Front 615

Russell bodies

Back 615

multiple myeloma
in ER

Front 616

what controls thymb extension

Back 616

radial nerve (via extensors pollicis longus and brevis)

Front 617

what controls thumb adduction

Back 617

ulnar nerve, supplying the adductor policis

Front 618

rx to induce appetite in elderly

Back 618

megestrol, a synthetic oral progestin for AIDS, cancer or old patients

Front 619

virus that spreads by syncytia (multinucleated giant cells)

Back 619

mumps

Front 620

which virus family forms syncytia

Back 620

paramyxoviridae (RSV and mumps)
herpes virus

Front 621

What is the ApoB100 receptor

Back 621

the LDL receptor

Front 622

most common cause of familial hypercholeessterolemia

Back 622

mutation of the LDL receptor

Front 623

increased tendency to abscess formation from staph or aspergillosis

Back 623

defective NADPH oxidase

Front 624

increased susceptibility to infections such as staph and strep

Back 624

defective chemotactic response, as in Chediak-Higashi and lazy-leukocyte syndrome

Front 625

increased susceptibility to gram negative infections such as by Neisseria

Back 625

C5 deficiency

Front 626

predisposition to autoimmune disorders, respiratory infections and milk allergy

Back 626

IgA deficiency

Front 627

increased susceptibility to viral and fungal infections
hypocalcemia

Back 627

thymic hypoplasia with parathyroid insufficiency

Front 628

type of mutation in which a guanine replaces a thymine

Back 628

purine (guanine) replaced with pyrimidine (thymine) = tranversion


as in CF

Front 629

nonsense mutation

Back 629

several mechanisms. key thing is that the protein chain is terminated

Front 630

mutation in which a purine is replaced with a purine, or a pyrimidine with a pyrimidine

Back 630

transition mutation

Front 631

cause of multidrug resistance

Back 631

transposon

Front 632

can protect cells from reperfusion injuries by inactivating free radicals

Back 632

glutathione peroxidase

Front 633

what is cyclophosphamides MOA

Back 633

alkylating agent that causes DNA crosslinking

Front 634

toxicities of cyclophosphamide

Back 634

hemorrhagic cystitis
myelosuppression

Front 635

MOA of 6-mercaptopurine

Back 635

inhibits purine synthesis

Front 636

toxicities of 6-mercaptopurine

Back 636

bone marrow and GI toxicity

Front 637

DNA intercalation is done by which cancer agents

Back 637

bleomycin and doxirubicin

Front 638

uses of cyclophosphamide

Back 638

non-Hodgkin lymphoma
breast ca
ovarian ca

Front 639

who's the ideal glipizide patient

Back 639

one with mild to moderate renal dysfunction.

It's safer to use in patients with renal failure than older sulfonylureas were

Front 640

for whom are sulfonylureas contraindicated

Back 640

significant hepatic dysfuntion

Front 641

toxicity of metformin -- and who does this rule out

Back 641

lactic acidosis

CHF, liver disease, severe hypoxia, any form of acidosis, IV contrast administration, renal insufficiency

men Creatnine > 1.5; women >1.4

Front 642

toxicities of thiazolinediones

Back 642

CHF
peripheral edema

Front 643

what's the first-line agent for type II Dm when diet/exercise control fails

Back 643

a sulfonylurea

Front 644

which migraine med is contraindicated in COPD

Back 644

propranolol (B blockers)

Front 645

Arnold Chiari I vs II

Back 645

Type I is more common, involves the tonsils and is frequently asymtomatic.

II is a more serious disorder with abnormally small posterior fossa, downward displacement of vermis & medulla through the foramen magnum and leads to hydrocephalus

Front 646

abnormally large posterior fossa and absent cerebellar vermis

Back 646

Dandy-Walker malformation

brain-stem nuceli are also abnormal

Front 647

holoprosencephal

Back 647

trisomy 13 and, less often, 18

Front 648

hormone released from the SI during the fasting state

Back 648

motilin

Front 649

relaxes the sphincter of Oddi

Back 649

CCK

Front 650

where are G cells

Back 650

antrum

Front 651

released when duodenal pH is less than 4.5 and decreases the rate of stomach emptying

Back 651

secretin

Front 652

released by delta cells in the stomach

Back 652

somatostatin

Front 653

what do you biopsy to confirm celiac

Back 653

jejunum (proximal SI)

Front 654

confined placental mosaicism

Back 654

intrauterine growth retardation

Front 655

uniparental disomy

Back 655

Prader-Willi (30% of cases) and, more rarely, Angelmans

Front 656

drug that converts plasminogen to plasmin

Back 656

alteplase

Front 657

inhibits fibrinogen binding to glycoprotein IIb/IIIa

Back 657

abciximab
aptifibatide
tirofiban

Front 658

prevents platelet aggregation

Back 658

aspirin
ticlopidine

Front 659

irreversibly blocks ADP from binding platelets

Back 659

clopidogrel
ticlopidine

Front 660

ticlopidine toxicity

Back 660

severe bone marrow toxicity

Front 661

common cause and bug in breast abscess

Back 661

breastfeeding
staph aureus

Front 662

antibody produced in response to mucosal infections

Back 662

IgA

Front 663

antibody present in newborn babies

Back 663

IgM

Front 664

antibodies in a baby indicating infection in the mother

Back 664

IgG1 and G4

Front 665

antibody that can cross the placenta

Back 665

IgG

Front 666

calcinosis
Raynaud phenomenon
esophageal dysmotility
sclerodactyly
telangiectasias

Back 666

CREST form of scleroderma

Front 667

elderly
deformed wrist joints, ulnar deviation
dental caries in context of xerostoma
Raynauds
hyperviscosity syndrome
peripheral neuropathy
associated RA

Back 667

Sjogrens
SS-B (La)

Front 668

systemic necrotizing vasculitis (fibrinoid necrosis) of small arteries especially in kidneys and lungs

Back 668

PAN
p-ANCA

Front 669

difference between Hirschsprung disease and necrotizing enterocolitis

Back 669

in Hirschsprung disease meconium usually is not passed before first oral feeding

Front 670

frequent infection with catalase positive organisms

Back 670

CGD (deficiency in NADPH oxidase)

Front 671

oxygen-independent killing mechanism of PMNs

Back 671

defensins (pretty useless; the bb guns of the PMN arsenal

Front 672

epithelium in Barretts esophagus

Back 672

nonciliated columnar, because of long standing GI refulx

Front 673

aseptic necrosis of bone in the leg,at the femoral head

Back 673

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease

Front 674

what is given for diabetic ketoacidosis, along with insulin

Back 674

potassium (because the hyperkalemia can easily reverse into a dangerous hypokalemia when the insulin starts sending glucose into cells

Front 675

with which antibiotic will warfarin cause hematuria?

Back 675

any antibiotic that binds ribosomes and blocks RNA-mediated bacterial protein synthesis. This inhibits hepatic enzymes that metabolize warfarin and therefore warfarin levels rise to dangerous levels

Front 676

effect of Rifampin on Warfarin metabolism

Back 676

decreases it because it's a potent hepatic enzyme inducer (vs. erythromycin that inhibits them)

Front 677

what are the anterior and posterior boundaries of the carpal tunnel

Back 677

anterior: flexor retinaculum
posterior: carpal bones

Front 678

which nerve root mediates extension of fingers

Back 678

C7 and 8

Front 679

which nerve root mediates extension of shoulder

Back 679

C7 and 8

Front 680

which nerve root mediates flexion of the wrist

Back 680

C6 and 7

Front 681

which nerve root mediates pronation of the elbow

Back 681

C7 and 8

Front 682

which nerve root mediates flexion of the elbow

Back 682

C5

Front 683

morulae (berry-like clusters of organisms) inside a patient's granulocytes

Back 683

granulocytic ehrichiosis caused by Ehrlichia phagocytophila, which is carried by the Idoxes

Front 684

ulceroglandular disease
fever
ulcer at bite site
lymph node enlargement

Back 684

tularemia
due to francisella tularensis

Front 685

vector for
encephalitis
malaria parasites
dengue
yellow fever
filariasis

Back 685

plasmodium vivax

Front 686

tick for rocky mountain spotted feber

Back 686

rickettsia rickettsii

Front 687

positive Weil Felix test

Back 687

rocky mountain spotted fever

Front 688

carried by same tick that carries Rocky mountain spotted feber

Back 688

francisella tularensis
on dermacentor tick

Front 689

treatment of malaria in a patient with psoriasis

Back 689

can't use chloroquine, so use...
atovaquone/proguanil

Front 690

rx for CMV

Back 690

ganciclovir

Front 691

use of amlodipine

Back 691

treatment of mild to moderate HTN
(and it's a Calcium blocker)

Front 692

what must you administer in a fib

Back 692

warfarin or some way of anticoagulating

Front 693

what happens to HR etc in the context of severe anemia

Back 693

HR, SV, CO and PP all increase

Front 694

most abundant cells in RA nodlues

Back 694

lymphocytes and plasma cells

Front 695

diabetic with black nasal discharge that reveals something (what?) on silver stain

Back 695

zygomycosis caused by fungi from Rhizopus, Absidia or Mucor bread molds.

The stain will show ribbon-like hyphae at 90 degree angles

Front 696

arthroonidia and spheruls on silver stain

Back 696

coccidiodes immitus, the agent of San Joaquin Valley fever

Front 697

monomorphic, encapsulated yeast

Back 697

cryptococcus neoformans

Front 698

septate hyphae at 45 degrees

Back 698

aspergillus

Front 699

treatment for zygoycosis

Back 699

debridement and amphotericin B

Front 700

nematode that induces major allergic reaction and a Type I hypersensitivity reaction

Back 700

ascaris lumbricoides

Front 701

type of hypersensitivity reaction involving urticaria, eosinophilia, wheezing

Back 701

Type I

Front 702

exposure of mother to fifth disease (which virus?) can lead to what in the fetus

Back 702

parvovirus

aplastic anemia - non-immune hydrops
fetus dies of cardiac failure

Front 703

cutaneous scarring in an infant
limb defects

Back 703

mother was exposed to varicella

Front 704

mother exposed to an illness (which one)
baby born with patent ductus arteriosus and pulmonary artery stenosis

Back 704

rubella

Front 705

p-ANCA

Back 705

Churg Strauss syndrome

Front 706

medium to small vessel vasculitis associated with asthma and blood eosinophilia

causes easinophil-rich inflammation n respiratory track, and necrotizing vasculitis affection the medium-to-small-sized vessels

Back 706

Churg-Strauss

Front 707

monomorphic, encapsulated yeast

Back 707

cryptococcus neoformans

Front 708

septate hyphae at 45 degrees

Back 708

aspergillus

Front 709

treatment for zygoycosis

Back 709

debridement and amphotericin B

Front 710

nematode that induces major allergic reaction and a Type I hypersensitivity reaction

Back 710

ascaris lumbricoides

Front 711

type of hypersensitivity reaction involving urticaria, eosinophilia, wheezing

Back 711

Type I

Front 712

exposure of mother to fifth disease (which virus?) can lead to what in the fetus

Back 712

parvovirus

aplastic anemia - non-immune hydrops
fetus dies of cardiac failure

Front 713

cutaneous scarring in an infant
limb defects

Back 713

mother was exposed to varicella

Front 714

mother exposed to an illness (which one)
baby born with patent ductus arteriosus and pulmonary artery stenosis

Back 714

rubella

Front 715

p-ANCA

Back 715

Churg Strauss syndrome

Front 716

medium to small vessel vasculitis associated with asthma and blood eosinophilia

causes easinophil-rich inflammation n respiratory track, and necrotizing vasculitis affection the medium-to-small-sized vessels

Back 716

Churg-Strauss

Front 717

antihistone antibodies

Back 717

drug induced SLE

Front 718

artery supplying the transverse colon

Back 718

superior mesenteric

Front 719

nerve required for making a tight fist

Back 719

radial, because it requires that the wrist be stabilized .

with radial nerve injury there's wrist drop: Radial Rist

Front 720

what nerve gets lacerated in a humerus fracture

Back 720

radial

Front 721

what type of Ig's do vaccines based on polysaccharide antigens lead to?

Back 721

IgM because they don't activate T cells and so there can't be isotype switching.
(You could couple to a protein that gives you T-cell activation)

Front 722

what's embedded in the free edge of the lesser omentum

Back 722

portal vein, hepatic artery, common bile duct

Front 723

mucosal neuromas
marfanoid

Back 723

marker for MEN IIb

Front 724

if MEN IIb is suspected, what test do you run?

Back 724

pentagastrin-stimulated calcitonin, which could suggest the presence of thyroid Ce cell hyperplasia, which could warn you of MEN IIb rleated medullary carcinoma of the thyroid

Front 725

high serum gastrin

Back 725

pancreatic or duodenal gastrinomas (MEN I)

Front 726

high serum insulin or VIP

Back 726

pancreatic endocrine tumors (may be a part of MEN I)

Front 727

MEN IIb associated cancers

Back 727

medullary ca of thyroid
pheochromocytoma
neuromas of mucosal surfaces
marfanoid habitus

Front 728

Rx for UC

Back 728

sulfasalazine

Front 729

hyperprexia
muscle rigidity
altered mental status
autonomic instability (tachycardia, diaphoresis, irregular pulse/BP, cardiac arrythmias)

Back 729

neuroleptic malignant syndrome, which can be caused by:
fluphenazine
haloperidol
thiothixene
phenothiazines

Front 730

dizziness
somnolence anterograde amnesia
drowsiness

Back 730

side effects of diazepam

Front 731

swelling of face, throat, tongue, lips, eyes, hands, feet, ankles, or lower legs
hoarseness
difficulty breathing or swallowing

Back 731

side effects of losartan

Front 732

15 year old boy
mass in distal femur (around knee) or proximal tibia infiltrating surrounding tissue
osteoid matrix (hyaline appearance)

Back 732

osteosarcoma

Front 733

tumor in pelvis, shoulders, or ribs of adults or elderly

Back 733

chondrosarcoma

Front 734

lipoblasts

Back 734

liposarcoma

Front 735

intense bone pain at night, relieved by aspirin

Back 735

osteoid osteoma

Front 736

osteioid matrix

Back 736

osteosarcoma

Front 737

distal ileum

Back 737

meckel's diverticulum

Front 738

what do gastrin and CCK share/not share at physiological concentrations? pharmacological?

Back 738

nothing

everything

Front 739

part of bone that forms most of the new bone

Back 739

the periosteum that's torn in the fraction

Front 740

anti-thrombotic agent to give to a patient who had had HIT

Back 740

bivalrudin

Front 741

plasminogen activator used as a thrombolytic agent in acute MI

Back 741

alteplase

Front 742

filgrastim

Back 742

GMCSF used to treat neutropenia secondary to cancer chemotherapy

Front 743

drug induced thrombocytopenia

Back 743

heparin-induced HIT

Front 744

why do hirudins not cause HIT, and in fact are good for tx of it?

Back 744

not inhibited by platelet factor 4

Front 745

statistical test for interval data

Back 745

Pearson correlation

Front 746

statistical test for nominal data

Back 746

chi-square

Front 747

statistic test for combo of interval and nominal date, with 2 groups only

Back 747

T-test

Front 748

statistical test for combo of interval and nominal data, with more than 2 groups

Back 748

ANOVA

Front 749

anti-RNP

Back 749

mixed connective tissue disease

Front 750

anti-RAP

Back 750

Sjogren
along with anti-SS A and B

Front 751

anti-Scl-70
anti-Pol-I

Back 751

scleroderma (even though it's a variant of scleroderma, it has a different marker)

Front 752

is osteoclast activity in rickets high or low

Back 752

normal

Front 753

increased osteoclast activity

Back 753

hyperparathyroidism
Paget disease

Front 754

increased osteoblasts

Back 754

rickets

Front 755

demineralizaiton of osteoid

Back 755

osteomalacia
rickets

Front 756

sparse bony trabeculae

Back 756

osteoporosis

Front 757

9 year old girl
frequent falls
abnormal gait
storklike appearance of legs

Back 757

Charcot Marie Tooth, or sensory motor neuropathy type I

deep peroneal nerve affected

Front 758

extends knee

Back 758

femoral nerve

Front 759

adducts thigh
medially rotates thigh

Back 759

obturator

Front 760

flexes knee
extends thigh
plantar flexes foot
flexes digits
inversion

Back 760

Tibial nerve

Front 761

flexes knee

Back 761

common peroneal nerve

Front 762

everts foot

Back 762

superficial peroneal nerve

Front 763

dorsiflexes foot
extends digits
inversion

Back 763

deep peroneal nerve

Front 764

side effect of:
chloramphenicol
carbamazepine
phenytoin
phenylbutazone
gold

Back 764

aplastic anemia

Front 765

giant early red-cell precursors

Back 765

parvovirus B19

Front 766

hypercellularity with megaloblasts and gian metamyelocytes

Back 766

B12 and folic acid deficiency

Front 767

ringed sideroblasts on Prussian blue stain

Back 767

sideroblastic anemia

Front 768

sheets of abnormal plasma cells

Back 768

multiple myeloma

Front 769

anemia
bleeding
bacterial infections

Back 769

severe marrow failure

Front 770

what causes a portion of the apex of the left ventricle to bulge outward during systole and inward during diastole (=paradoxical movement)

Back 770

infarct caused by LAD

Front 771

antithyroglobin antibodies

Back 771

hashimotos thyroidits

Front 772

thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins

Back 772

graves disease

Front 773

pigment filled macrophages

Back 773

melanosis coli, related in some cases to laxative use

Front 774

Erb palsy

Back 774

upper brachial plexus injury, as in birth
adducted and internally rotated shoulder
waiter's tip

usually heals during the first few months after deliver

Front 775

pure flexor of the elbow

Back 775

brachialis

Front 776

functions at the elbow to help to hold an object under the arm

Back 776

coracobrachialis

Front 777

pronator of the elbow

Back 777

pronator teres

Front 778

supinator of forearm
flexor of elbow

Back 778

biceps

Front 779

loss of funciton of which muscle causes waiter's tip

Back 779

biceps

Front 780

common cause of peritoneal signs in the elderly

Back 780

ruptured diverticuli

Front 781

spread by handling rabbits or rabbit skins or by bites from ticks that feed on blood of wild rabbits

rupturing pustule followed by an ulcer
lymph node involvement

Back 781

tularemia caused by francisella tularensis

Front 782

ingestion of water contaminated with animal urine

Back 782

leptospira

Front 783

disease in Arkansas/Missouri

Back 783

tularemia

Front 784

phantom lung lesions

Back 784

focal calcification of hyaline cartilage

Front 785

newborn with projectile bilious vomiting shortly after each feeding; polyhydramnios during pregnancy

Back 785

annular pancreas resulting from bifid ventral pancreatic bud

or duodenal atresia

Front 786

large air-fluid level in stomach
smaller air-fluid level in first part of duodenum

Back 786

double bubble sign
= duodenal atresia, or
= annular pancreas

Front 787

multiple reddish brown papular lesions on penis

Back 787

Bowen disease

Front 788

soft red plaque on penis

Back 788

Erythroplasia of Queyrat

Front 789

gray-white, relatively flat penile plaque

Back 789

Bowen disease

Front 790

muscle previously removed in a radical mastectomy, and its action

Back 790

pec major
adduction and internal rotaiton of the humerus

Front 791

muscle that abducts the humerus

Back 791

deltoid

Front 792

muscles that externally rotate the shoulder

Back 792

infraspinatus
teres minor
posterior fibers of deltoid

Front 793

supplies the proximal lesser curvature

Back 793

left gastric

Front 794

supplies the proximal greater curvature below the splenic artery

Back 794

left gastroepiploic

Front 795

supplies the proximal greater curvature above the splenic artery

Back 795

short gastric

Front 796

supplies the distal greater curvature

Back 796

right gastroepiploic

Front 797

supplies the distal lesser curvature

Back 797

right gastric

Front 798

what is testicular atriphy a sign of?

Back 798

levier failure

Front 799

protraction of the scapula

Back 799

long thoracic nerve, C6

Front 800

asthma med that probably inhibits phosphodiesterase and antagonizes adenosine receptors

Back 800

theophylline

Front 801

anti-inflammatory effects via effect on NF-kB TF

Back 801

steroids

Front 802

increases conduction through the atrioventricular node

Back 802

digoxin

Front 803

carries sensation from upper posterior pharynx

Back 803

IX

Front 804

sensation from anterior 2/3 of tongue

Back 804

VII

Front 805

efferents to stylopharyngeus muscle

Back 805

IX

Front 806

elevated alk phos

Back 806

biliary cirrhosis

Front 807

elevated AST and ALT
AST/ALT <1.5

Back 807

hepatitis

Front 808

elevated AST and ALT
AST/ALT ratio of greater than 1.5
swollen and necrotic hepatocytes
neutrophil infiltration
Mallory bodies
fatty change
fibrosis around central vein

Back 808

alcoholic cirrhosis

Front 809

increased serum osmolarity

Back 809

type 2 diabetes

Front 810

inhibits calcineurin
nephrotoxic
must avoid grapefruit

Back 810

cyclosporine

Front 811

inhibits production and release of IL2

Back 811

cyclosporine

Front 812

cyp that cyclosporine is involved with

Back 812

3A

Front 813

target cells

Back 813

thalassemia (abnormality of hemoglobin synthesis)

hemoglobin C disease
liver disease

Front 814

Fever
large cervical lymph nodes
desquamating skin rash on palms, soles, mouth
strawberry tongue
bilateral conjunctivities
(disease and sequela)

Back 814

Kawasaki
coronary artery aneurysm

Front 815

abdominal aortic aneurysm

Back 815

atherosclerosis

Front 816

aneurys of the aortic root

Back 816

syphillis

Front 817

Koplik spots

Back 817

measles

Front 818

leading cause of acquired coronary heart disease in US and Japan

Back 818

Kawasaki disease

Front 819

chronic fatigue
pancytopenia
diffuse symmetric skeletal sclerosis on xray

Back 819

osteopetrosis
reduced osteoclast activity

Front 820

single, sharply dmarcated "punched out" bony lesion in upper femur

Back 820

monostotic fibrous dysplasia
(asymptomatic, benign, bony lesion)

Front 821

treatment of a UTI by a gram-negative rod in a patient allergic to penicillin

Back 821

aztreonam (a monobactam)

Front 822

inheritance pattern for Fabry disease

Back 822

X linked

Front 823

lipid storage disease that spares the brain but affects the liver

Back 823

Gaucher

Front 824

atrophic glossitis
esophageal webs
iron deficiency anemia
(affects which portion of esophagus? What the sequela)

Back 824

Plummer Vinson syndrome
proximal third
squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus

Front 825

carcinomas that occur in distal third of esophagus

Back 825

adenocarcinoma
(squamous cell in proximal 2/3)

Front 826

non-cytotoxic immune disease med

Back 826

steroids

Front 827

fluid and electrolyte imbalances result from treatment with this non-cytotoxic immune med

Back 827

steroids

hypernatremia
hypokalemia
hypocalcemia

Front 828

side effect of
hydralazine
procainamide
quinidine

Back 828

lupus erythematosus-like syndrom

Front 829

red man syndrome

Back 829

vancomycin

Front 830

serum-like sickness

Back 830

use of cefaclor in children

Front 831

hematuria
red cell casts
dependent edema
HTN
acute renal insufficiency
(disease and tx)

Back 831

acute glomerulonephritis

tx is steroids

Front 832

antidote to benzos

Back 832

flumenazil

Front 833

Pappenheimer bodies

Back 833

iron containing, dark blue granules found in patients with sideroblastic anemia

Front 834

nuclear remnants within red cells

Back 834

Howell-Jolly bodies
asplenic or non-functioning spleen

Front 835

basophilic stippling in red cells

Back 835

ribosomal precipitates

thalassemia
alcohol abuse
lead and other heavy-metal poisoning

Front 836

increased unconjugated bilirumin
increased LDH
decreased haptoglobinincreased urinary urobilinogen

Back 836

hemolytic anemia

Front 837

wrist drop

Back 837

radial nerve
rist radial
wrist wradial

Front 838

innervates the deltoids

Back 838

axillary nerve

Front 839

neotnate
acute abdominal distress 1 week after birth
GI bleeding
large intestinal perofration
sepsis

Back 839

necrotizing enterocolitis

Front 840

varicosities of which vein cause internal hemorrhoids

Back 840

superior rectal (vs inferior rectal for external)

Front 841

h pylori increases mucosal levels of?

Back 841

ammonia (via high urease activity)

Front 842

loss of lateral rotation and ability to initiate abduction of arm

Back 842

suprascapular nerve (supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles)

Front 843

loss of extension and internal rotation of shoulder

Back 843

thoracodorsal (lattisimus dorsi)

Front 844

replacement med for atorvastatin

Back 844

cholestyramine

Front 845

tendons between which you find the dorsalis pedis pulse

Back 845

extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus

between extensor tendons (and the dorsalis pedis extends life!)

Front 846

location of inguinal hernias and femoral hernias relative to inguinal ligament

Back 846

femoral below; inguinal above

Front 847

in anaphase is each chromatid pulled apart by attachments to spindle pole on one or both poles

Back 847

both poles

Front 848

PICA occlusion
vertigo, nystagmus, nausea, vomiting
ipsilateral cerebellar signs
ipsilateral hoarsenss, dysphagia, palate droop
ipsilateral loss of pain and termperature
ipsilateral Horners

Back 848

Wallenberg, or lateral medullary, syndrome

Front 849

contralateral spastic hemiparesis of body
ocntralateral loss of position and vibration sense
tongue deviation to lesion side

Back 849

medial medulllary syndrome

Front 850

contralateral spastic hemiparesis
contralateral loss of vibration and position sense
damage to CNVI and medial strabismus

Back 850

medial pontine syndrome

Front 851

like Wallenberg, but including
facial droop (VII)
hearing loss (VIII)

Back 851

lateral pontine syndrome

Front 852

contralateral spastic hemiparesis of upper limb and lower half of face
dilated pupil, ptosis, lateral strabismus

Back 852

medial midbrain syndrome = Weber syndrome

Front 853

antibodies to p24 capsid antigen

Back 853

HIV positive drug abuser

Front 854

vertebral level at which IMA branches off aorta

Back 854

L3

Front 855

emerges from aorta at point where third part of duodenum crosses midline

Back 855

IMA

Front 856

what does the IMA supply

Back 856

distal colon from distal third of transverse all the way to the upper anal canal

Front 857

which gastric ulcer causing hormone rises in stress

Back 857

pepsin
gastric acid

Front 858

most common location of cancers in oral cavity

Back 858

lower lip

Front 859

thrombolytic agent used to treat MI

Back 859

tPA

Front 860

fat necrosis

Back 860

acute pancreatitis

Front 861

fibrinoid necrosis

Back 861

arteritis

Front 862

coagulative necrosis

Back 862

blockage of arterial supply leading to ischemia of dependent tissue

Front 863

liquefactive necrosis

Back 863

infection, esp with abscesses

because of digestion of proteins by hydrolases released by microorganisms and/or PMNs

Front 864

risk factors for pure cholesterol and mixed gallstones

Back 864

CF
clofibrate therapy
estrogen therapy
rapid weight loss
Native american

Front 865

risk factors for pigment stones

Back 865

chronic hemolysis
alcoholic cirrhosis
biliary infection

Front 866

which of these can be precancerous:
hairy leukoplakia
leukoplakia
lichen planus
oral thrush
squamous papilloma

Back 866

leukoplakia

Front 867

Rx associated with development of Protein C deficiency

Back 867

warfarin

Front 868

Rx associated with thrombocytopenia

Back 868

heparin

Front 869

what mediates HIT

Back 869

IgG reacting with Plately Factor 4 and complexing with Heparin

Front 870

elevated RBC count

Back 870

polycythemia

Front 871

spherical, thin walled cysts
granular cytoplasm
1-4 nuclei

Back 871

entamoeba histolytica

Front 872

persistent diarrhea

Back 872

think parasite

persistent - parasite

Front 873

large ovoid oocysts
pink on acid fast
immune compromise

Back 873

cryptosporidium

Front 874

acid fast
more elliptical in shape than ovoid

Back 874

isospora belli parasite

Front 875

why not incise the hepatoduodenal ligament

Back 875

it has common bile duct, and 2 vascular structures

Front 876

what are parts of the lesser omentum

Back 876

hepatoduodenal ligament
hepatogastric ligament

Front 877

where is head of pancrease

Back 877

it's seconarily retroperitoneal
it's in the omental bursa (lesser peritoneal sac)

Front 878

spleno renal ligament is part of

Back 878

greater omentum

Front 879

cause of abdominal viscera protruding through the abdominal wall at midline and ot covered by amnion or peritoneum

Back 879

incomplete fusion of lateral body fols

this is called gastroschisis

Front 880

abdominal viscera protruding but in a sac

Back 880

omphalocele
from failure of retraction

Front 881

failure of ylk sac to degenerate

Back 881

Meckel's (ileal) diverticulum
vitelline fistula
cyst

Front 882

mobile secum (or mobility of other secondarily retroperitoneal structures)

Back 882

failure of peritoneal fusion

Front 883

transfer of a plasmid in its entirety from donor to recipient
recipient becomes F+
phosphotransferase gene is transferred and can inactivate macrolides

Back 883

conjugation

Front 884

phage mistakenly packaging bacterial DNA into a capsid and transferring the DNA to another bacterial cell

Back 884

generalized transduction

Front 885

means for bacterial nucleic acid to be stabilized during transfer, but not a mechanism of genetic transfer

Back 885

homologous recombination

Front 886

uptake of naked DNA by certain "competent" backterial cells

Back 886

transformation

Front 887

how to get rid of blood ammonia levels

Back 887

acidification of intestinal contents to ionize the ammonia so that it will be excreted in stool

Front 888

why does pentagastrin induce lower than expected gastrin secretion in the context of chronic gastritis

Back 888

because the inflammation inhibits parietal cellsa

Front 889

needle-like crystals that are strongly negatively birefringent

Back 889

gout

Front 890

cuboidal crystals that are weakly positively biregringent

Back 890

calcium pyrophosphate (pseudogout)

Front 891

arthritis associated with PMNs and intracellular gram-negative cocci

Back 891

N. gonorrhea

Front 892

spreading fingers requires which muscles?

Back 892

dorsal interossei
ulnar nerve

Front 893

muscles that extend fingers at the interphalangeal joints

Back 893

lumbricals
ulnar - ring and little
median - index and middle

Front 894

nerve that innervates the lumbricals

Back 894

ulnar - ring and little
median - index and middle

Front 895

HLA-DR4

Back 895

rheumatoid arthritis
pemphigus

Front 896

HLA-DR2

Back 896

SLE
Goodpastures
MS

Front 897

HLA-DR3

Back 897

type 1 diabetes
SLE
Graves, addison's, Celiac
dermatitis herpetiformis,
MG
Hashimotos

Front 898

HLA-A3

Back 898

hemochromatosis

Front 899

chromosome where HLA genes are found

Back 899

6

Front 900

DR locus

Back 900

autoimmnue diseases

Front 901

A locus of HLA

Back 901

metabolic disorders

Front 902

B locus for HLA

Back 902

inflammatory diseases

Front 903

HLA-DR5

Back 903

Hashimoto (also DR3)

Front 904

cutaneous hemorrhages (blueberry-muffin baby)

deafness
periventricular CNS calcifications
microcephaly
hepatosplenomegaly

Back 904

CMV infection in the mother with generalized lymphadenopathy

Front 905

neonate with
maculopapular, bronzing rash
notched teeth
long bone deformations
perforated palate

Back 905

mother had primary syphillis

Front 906

neonate with
mental retardation
patent ductus arteriosus
pulmonary stenosis
blindness
encephalitis
motor abnormalities
mulberry rash possible

Back 906

mother had rubella

Front 907

hydrops fetalis

Back 907

mother had parvovirus, as would be indicated by transient arthralgia

Front 908

most common congenital infection in the us

Back 908

CMV

Front 909

heterophile negative mononucleosis is also called

Back 909

CMV

Front 910

7 day rash

Back 910

measles

Front 911

positive Trendelenburg sign

Back 911

can't stand on one leg without falling to the opposite side

gluteus medius and minimus affected
superior gluteal nerve

Front 912

muscle that helps you rise from a seated position

Back 912

gluteus maximus

Front 913

how does force summation happen

Back 913

increased frequency of motor nerve action potentials AND

increasing number of contracting motor units

Front 914

early muscle fatigue, often beginning with small, active muscles around the eyes

Back 914

myasthenic syndrome, which is associated with thymoma and bronchogenic carcinoma

Front 915

SIADH

Back 915

bronchogenic carcinoma and intracranial neoplasms

Front 916

hypercalcemia as a paraneoplastic effect

Back 916

lyticl bone mets
squamous cell LC
breast cancer
renal cell ca
multiple myeloma
PT adenomas

Front 917

key difference between MG and Eaton Lambert

Back 917

MG starts with eyes
EL starts with proximal muscle weakness of limbs
in MG, use makes worse
in EL, use improves strength

Front 918

spongiosa of vertebral bones filled with and replaced by tan-red tissue

Back 918

multiple myeloma

the tissue results from plasma cell infiltration

Front 919

histologic jigsaw puzzle appearance of bone lamellae

Back 919

Paget disease

Front 920

bone destruction surrounded by a rim of bone condensation

Back 920

pyogenic osteomyelitis

normally caused by S aureus

Front 921

saddle nose
saber shin

Back 921

tertiary syphillis

Front 922

expansion of bone marrow, which is replaced by proliferating neoplastic plasma cells

Back 922

multiple myeloma

Front 923

large, red, raised discoloration on infant's face
port-wine stain
leptomeningeal angiomatosis
does not regress with age

Back 923

can be a component of Sturge-Weber

Front 924

distended fourth ventricle with a hypoplastic or absent cerebellum

Back 924

Dandy Walker

Front 925

neonate with a characteristic pattern of hemispheric atrophy due to venous infarction, with tram-track calcification along cortical ribbon (which lead to leptomeningeal angiomatosis)

Back 925

Sturge-Weber

Front 926

inhibits T cell activation via m-TOR with minimal risk of nephrotoxicity

Back 926

sirolimus

Front 927

inhibit calcineurin-mediated transcription of IL2 by increasing expression of TGF beta (which inhibits IL2) and thereby reduce T cell activation

Back 927

cyclosporine and tacrolimus

Front 928

how do 21 alpha and 11 beta hydroxylase deficiencies cause elevated testosterone

Back 928

elevated ACTH and therefore increasing secretion of DHEAr

Front 929

incomplete precocious puberty
elevated testosterone
decreased gonadotropin levels
Leydig cell hyperplasia

Back 929

constitutively active LH receptors

Front 930

infant
cleft palate
rhinitis
desquamating rash

Back 930

congenital syphillis

Front 931

penicillin tx for syphillis
purple ecccymoses appear
fever of 105
hypotension

Back 931

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction

Front 932

how to treat Jarish Herxheimer reaction

Back 932

happens in peniccilin tx of syphillis in which the endotoxin is realeased and puts the patient into shock.

Since endotoxin stimulates macrophages and leads to increased production of IL-1, 6 and TNFalpha, so monoclonal antibodies to these can help.

Front 933

how does CO poisoning affect the O2 dissociation curve

Back 933

shifts it left

Front 934

how does CO poisoning affect the O2 concentration in the blood

Back 934

decreases it

Front 935

how does CO poisoning affect PaO2

Back 935

not affected

Front 936

only hormone released by all three major foodstuffs

Back 936

GIP

Front 937

what stimulates gastrin

Back 937

protein in the antrum

Front 938

what influences release of motilin and secretin

Back 938

fat (minor effect) but NOT protein or carps

Front 939

what influences CCK release

Back 939

fat and protein in the duodenum

Front 940

most common course after being exposed to hep B

Back 940

subclinical disease followed by recovery

Front 941

med that inhibits viral DNA polymerase

Back 941

acyclovir

Front 942

med that inhibits viral packaging and assembly

Back 942

rifampin and protease inhibitors

protease packaging

Front 943

rx that inhibits viral release

Back 943

neuraminidase inhibitors like zanamavir

Front 944

rx that inhibits uncoating of viruses

Back 944

amantadine, which blocks absorption of influenza A virus

Front 945

ill defined mass that expands the white matter with areas of necrosis and hemorrhage

Back 945

GBM

Front 946

rapidly evolving neurologic deficits, headache, coma

Back 946

intracerebral hemorrhage, esp in BG, cerebellum, pons

Front 947

malignant tumor with brown pigment

Back 947

metastatic melanoma

Front 948

small white spots surrounded by hemorrhage on retina

Back 948

Roth spot - endocarditis

Front 949

retina:
microaneurysms
flame hemorrhages
cotton wool deposits

Back 949

DM

Front 950

pain in anterior leg
weakness in toe dorsiflexion
trouble with inversion
dmiminished dorsalis pedis pulse

Back 950

anterior compartment syndrome
compression of deep peroneal nerve
compression of anterior tibial artery

Front 951

diaibetes med that can cause lactic acidoses

Back 951

metformin

Front 952

what's clonidine typically used for

Back 952

refractory HTN

Front 953

thymine dimer

Back 953

xeroderma pigmentosa

Front 954

excision endonuclease

Back 954

thymine dimers
xeroderma pigmentosa

Front 955

vasculitis that affects young men who are heavy smokers

Back 955

Buerger disease

Front 956

multiple small telangiectasias

Back 956

Osler-Weber-Rendu

Front 957

cavernous hemangiomas

Back 957

Von Hippel-Lindau

Front 958

port wein
mental retardation
seizures
hemiplegia

Back 958

Sturge-Weber

Front 959

amoeba with ingested RBCs
nuclei with central karyosomes

Back 959

entamoeba histolytica

Front 960

vimentin stains?

Back 960

connective tissue

Front 961

desmin stains?

Back 961

muscle cells, so rhabdomyosarcomas

Front 962

when is tetany most often observed

Back 962

rapid decrease in serum calcium

Front 963

what happens to Ca and PO4 in surgical hypoparathyroidism

Back 963

Ca down
PO4 up because of decreased renal excretion

Front 964

target tissues insensitive to parathyroid hormone

Ca decreases; PO4 increases

developmental defects (mental retardation, short, missing metatarsal and/or metacarpal bones)

Back 964

pseudohypoparathyroidism

Front 965

developmental abnormalities (mental retardation, short stature, missing metatarsal and/or metacarpal bones)

no abnormality in serum calcium, serum phosphate, or PTH

Back 965

pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism

Front 966

multipolar cells
round nucleus
prominent "owl's eye" nucleolus

Back 966

ganglion cells
Hirschsprung's disease

Front 967

what happens to Ca and PO4 in surgical hypoparathyroidism

Back 967

Ca down
PO4 up because of decreased renal excretion

Front 968

what kind of tissue does Rathke's pouch come from? What does it become

Back 968

oral ectoderm
anterior pituitary

Front 969

target tissues insensitive to parathyroid hormone

Ca decreases; PO4 increases

developmental defects (mental retardation, short, missing metatarsal and/or metacarpal bones)

Back 969

pseudohypoparathyroidism

Front 970

what kind of tissue do thyroid gland follicular cells derive from

Back 970

endoderm of oropharynx

Front 971

developmental abnormalities (mental retardation, short stature, missing metatarsal and/or metacarpal bones)

no abnormality in serum calcium, serum phosphate, or PTH

Back 971

pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism

Front 972

multipolar cells
round nucleus
prominent "owl's eye" nucleolus

Back 972

ganglion cells
Hirschsprung's disease

Front 973

what do ganglion cells derive from?

Back 973

neural crest

Front 974

what kind of tissue does Rathke's pouch come from? What does it become

Back 974

oral ectoderm
anterior pituitary

Front 975

nerve that enables elevation of the scapula

Back 975

accessory nerve

Front 976

what part of humerus would have to be injured to cause a laceration of the profunda brachial artery

Back 976

midshaft

Front 977

what kind of tissue do thyroid gland follicular cells derive from

Back 977

endoderm of oropharynx

Front 978

what do ganglion cells derive from?

Back 978

neural crest

Front 979

what artery could be lacerated by injury to the surgical neck of the humerus

Back 979

posterior circumflex humeral artery

Front 980

nerve that enables elevation of the scapula

Back 980

accessory nerve

Front 981

what part of humerus would have to be injured to cause a laceration of the profunda brachial artery

Back 981

midshaft

Front 982

what artery could be lacerated by injury to the surgical neck of the humerus

Back 982

posterior circumflex humeral artery

Front 983

what's an Arthus reaction

Back 983

example of a Type III hypersensitivity involving antigen, antibody and complement

Front 984

what kind of hypersensitivity rxn involves mast cell degranulation

Back 984

type I and IgE

Front 985

what kind of hypersensitivity is involved in the TB test

Back 985

Type IV (Th1 cells attract macrophages)

Front 986

anemia
neuro symptoms
gastric cancer caused by the anemia

Back 986

pernicious anemia

Front 987

immunization that give Arthus reaction

Back 987

tetanus
Type III hypersensitivity because our bodies have seen this before

Front 988

how is adenovirus vaccine administered

Back 988

live attenuated
enteric coated capsule

Front 989

anosognosia

Back 989

deficit in cognition about one's illness, or even that one is suffering from one

indicates large parietal lobe lesion

Front 990

prison inmate
gies approximate answers instead of exact ones
associated with amnesia, disoreintation and perceptual disturbances

Back 990

Ganser syndrome

Front 991

ideomotor apraxia

Back 991

can't do the movements to carry out an action on command

Front 992

bilateral leasion of the visual association cortex

Back 992

prosopagnosia

Front 993

why doesn't clonidine cause guaranteed arteriolar relaxation

Back 993

because although it does lower NE release and therefore firing of the alpha 1 vasoconstricting pathway, post synaptic alpha 2s cause vasoconstriction

Front 994

what kind of receptors do pancreatic beta cells have

Back 994

Potassium ATP channels on their vascular smooth muscle. These channels are opened by Minoxidil, which can also open K-ATP channels on vascular smooth muscle (who was to know!). In both cases, this causes hyperpolarization, decreasing Ca entry and mediating the decreased insulin secretion and vasodilation

Front 995

How does clonidine affect insulin secretion

Back 995

It lower cAMP in the beta cells, which have alpha 2 receptors

Front 996

subependymal giant cell astrocytoma is associated with?

Back 996

tuberous sclerosis
mutations of TS1 or TS2

Front 997

multiple hamartomatous lesions in the skin

Back 997

tuberous sclerosis

Front 998

shagreen patches
ash-leaf spots on skin
cardiac myomas
renal angiomyolipomas

Back 998

tuberous sclerosis
also expect subependymal giant cell astrocytoma

Front 999

small, pigmented nodular lesions of hamartomatous nature that are present in the iris

Back 999

Lisch nodules
nuerofibromatosis I

Front 1000

Schwannomas of the 8th cranial nerve

Back 1000

neurofibromatosis II

Front 1001

hemangioblastoma

Back 1001

vascular tumor of unknown origing
cerebellar
Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
AD mutation of VHL (a tumor suppressor that is mutated in most sporadic renal cell carcinomas)

Front 1002

inheritance pattern of Tuberous sclerosis

Back 1002

AD

Front 1003

neoplasm associated with Paget's disease

Back 1003

osteosarcoma

Front 1004

increased incidence of astrocytomas

Back 1004

NF1
Li-Fraumeni
tuberous sclerosis
radiation

Front 1005

brain tumor that may be related to high estrogen states

Back 1005

Meningioma

Front 1006

inhibitor of IL-2

Back 1006

tacrolimus

TacroLImus ILTwo

It thereby inhibits the first phase of T-cell activation

Front 1007

immune suppressing Rx that is activated by HGPRT

Back 1007

6 mercaptopurine

Front 1008

lacunar cells

Back 1008

Nodular sclerosis type of Hodgkin disease

Front 1009

Hodgkin disease subtype associated with lymph nodes with fibrotic bands

Back 1009

nodular sclerosis type

Front 1010

stellate abscesses in lymph node

Back 1010

cat scratch disease (from bartonella)
tularemia
lynphogranuloma venereum

Front 1011

flulike syndrome
fever
splenomegaly
lymphadenopathy at multiple sites

Back 1011

infectious mononucleosis

Front 1012

grayish stools

Back 1012

lack of stercobilins,
therefore conjugated bilirubin never reached intestine

Front 1013

syndrome in which absence of UDP glucuronyl transferase prevents the clucuronide conjugation of bilirubin by hepatocytes

Back 1013

Crigler-Najjar

Front 1014

benign syndrome resulting at least in part from decreased bilirubin glucuronidation

Back 1014

Gilbert syndrome

Front 1015

what gets injured if you reach out to grab something to stop yourself

Back 1015

lower part of brachial plexus
this is called Klumke paralysis
can cause Horners if T1 is involved
also Thoracic outlet syndrome possible
claw hand
ape hand

Front 1016

what gets injured when a person falls on the point of the shoulder

Back 1016

upper part of brachial plexus
can get a waiter's tip sign
Erb paralysis

Front 1017

immunosuprressive agent that inhibits de novo purine synthesis AND whose dose must be reduced in the presence of allopurinol

Back 1017

azathioprine, because xanthine oxidase is key to the metabolism of its metabolites and allopurinol inhibits xanthine oxidase, meaning that the azathioprine metabolites don't get metabolised appropriately

Front 1018

arthritis med that inhibits T cell activation

Back 1018

abatacept

Front 1019

rx that inhibits calcineurin-mediated transcription of IL2

Back 1019

tacrolimus (TacrLImus)
cyclosporine (cycle has 2 wheels)

Front 1020

MOA of mycophenolate mofetil

Back 1020

inhibits de novo guanine nucelotide synthesis and subsequent lymphoyte proliferation

Front 1021

association of basal ganglia hemorrhage

Back 1021

Hypertension

Front 1022

increased alk phos
normal calcium and phosphate

Back 1022

Paget disease of the bone

Front 1023

decrease in both calcium and phosphate

Back 1023

vitamin D deficience

Front 1024

decreased calcium and increased phosphate

Back 1024

renal failure

Front 1025

increase in calcium and alk phos, decrease in phosphate

Back 1025

hyperparathyroidism

Front 1026

increase in both calcium and phosphate

Back 1026

vitamin D intoxication

Front 1027

viruses that infect oligodendrocytes

Back 1027

JC virus (polyomavirus) that causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

measles virus, which produces a latent syndrome called subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)

Front 1028

what infects peripheral nerves

Back 1028

HIV in the AIDS associated myopathy

Front 1029

What infect B lymphocytes

Back 1029

epstein Bar

Front 1030

What infects follicular dendritic cells

Back 1030

HIV in early stage

Front 1031

bleeding disorder associated with CF

Back 1031

Vitamin K deficiency

Front 1032

cytomegalic cells, which are abnormally large cells with a large intranuclear purple inclusion and granular basophilic inclusion in the cytoplasm

Back 1032

CMV encephalitis

Front 1033

hemorrhagic necrosis of the temporal lobes

Back 1033

herpes encephalitis

Front 1034

microglial nodules

(collections of lymphocytes, histiocytes, and microglial cells with variable numbers of multinucleated giant cells)

Back 1034

HIV encephalitis

Front 1035

round intracytoplasmic neuronal inclusions that contain alpha-synuclein

Back 1035

Lewy bodies, which could indicate Lewy Body disease or PD

Front 1036

IL-2 inhibitors that can be used along with glucocorticoids and cyclosporine

Back 1036

Daclizumab
Basiliximab

Front 1037

immunosuppressive med directed to the antigen recognition receptor on T cells

Back 1037

muromonab CD3

Front 1038

soil fungus derived macrolide that inhibits calcineurin-mediated transcription of IL-2

Back 1038

tacrolimus

Front 1039

antibody that binds the receptor for EGF, HER2

Back 1039

trastuzumab

Front 1040

lumpy jaw

Back 1040

cervicofacial mycetoma caused by actinomyces

Front 1041

female patient with IUD...

Back 1041

actinomyces israelii

Front 1042

what does hydrops fetalis suggest about the parent's genes

Back 1042

they must have carried the alpha thalassemia trait mutation son the same chromosome, so that the sibling as one normal and one doubly abnormal chromosome

Front 1043

form of lung cancer associated wtih scarring related to old granulomatous disease

Back 1043

adenocarcinoma

Front 1044

lung cancer not associated with smoking

Back 1044

bronchioalveolar

Front 1045

aggressive undifferentiated form of lung cancer

Back 1045

large cell carcinoma

Front 1046

lung cancers that can cause paraneoplastic syndromes

Back 1046

oat cell or small cell

Front 1047

cavitary lung lesion with keratin pearls
associated with hypercalcemia

Back 1047

squamous cell carcinoma of the lung

Front 1048

mallory bodies

Back 1048

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions ("alcoholic hyaline") in degenerating hepatocytes

they are tangled bundles of cytokeratin intemediate filaments and other proteins

Front 1049

ground glass nuclear inclusions

Back 1049

herpes simplex

Front 1050

difference between Duchenne's and Becker

Back 1050

in-frame deletions or insertions in Becker; frame shifts and truncated protein in Duchenne's

Front 1051

entamoeba histolytica

Back 1051

mild diarrhea, or
bloody diarrhea with pain/dehydration
OR
peritonitis, liver abscess

Front 1052

tx for later stage of entamoeba

Back 1052

iodoquinol

Front 1053

cart wheel distribution of chromatin

Back 1053

entamoeba histolytica - trophozoite form

Front 1054

parasite that has "shoulders" and a line down the middle

Back 1054

sheep liver fluke (fasciola hepatica)
bile duct obstruction

Front 1055

prominent opercular ridge on one side of the glassy oval parasite

Back 1055

Clonorchis sinensis (Chinese liver fluke) - ovum
hebatitis and cholangitis in China

Front 1056

parasite diagnosed by acid fast

Back 1056

crytosporidium

Front 1057

what provides energy between the 10th and 100th second of muscle use

Back 1057

glycogen breakdown

Front 1058

do creatine phosphate and stored ATP provide energy to muscles

Back 1058

yes, but only for a few seconds at a time

Front 1059

how many ATP per molecule of fat?

Back 1059

138 (vs 36 for glucose)

Front 1060

small left colon syndrome

Back 1060

neonate born to diabetic mothers

Front 1061

AST elevation without ALT

Back 1061

woman with MI

Front 1062

elevated AST, ALT, bilirubin

Back 1062

hepatitis

Front 1063

elevation of CPK

Back 1063

MI

Front 1064

autoantibodies that bind desmoglein 1 or 3

Back 1064

pemphigus vulgaris

Front 1065

Nikolsky's sign

Back 1065

separation of the epidermis upon manual stroking of the skin, as in SJJ

Front 1066

Antibodies to:
BP Ag1
BP Ag2
alpha-6 integrin
laminin 5

Back 1066

bullous pemphigoid

Front 1067

multiple flaccid bullae of skin and mucous membranes

Back 1067

pemphigus vulgaris

Front 1068

cleavage above the basal layer of the epidermis

Back 1068

pemphigus vulgaris

Front 1069

black gallstone contents

Back 1069

calcium salts and unconjugated bilirubin

Front 1070

radioopaque gallstones

Back 1070

calcium carbonate and phosphate

Front 1071

brown gallstones - content?

Back 1071

calcium soaps

Front 1072

content of cholesterol stones

Back 1072

cholesterol monohydrate crystals

Front 1073

anti GAD antibodies

Back 1073

DM I

Front 1074

autoantibodies that bind desmoglein 1 or 3

Back 1074

pemphigus vulgaris

Front 1075

Nikolsky's sign

Back 1075

separation of the epidermis upon manual stroking of the skin, as in SJJ

Front 1076

Antibodies to:
BP Ag1
BP Ag2
alpha-6 integrin
laminin 5

Back 1076

bullous pemphigoid

Front 1077

multiple flaccid bullae of skin and mucous membranes

Back 1077

pemphigus vulgaris

Front 1078

cleavage above the basal layer of the epidermis

Back 1078

pemphigus vulgaris

Front 1079

black gallstone contents

Back 1079

calcium salts and unconjugated bilirubin

Front 1080

radioopaque gallstones

Back 1080

calcium carbonate and phosphate

Front 1081

brown gallstones - content?

Back 1081

calcium soaps

Front 1082

content of cholesterol stones

Back 1082

cholesterol monohydrate crystals

Front 1083

anti GAD antibodies

Back 1083

DM I

Front 1084

med for CLL

Back 1084

chlorambucil

Front 1085

66 year old man
chronic fatigue
lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly
elevated WBC with 93% PMNs
lymphocytes small and mature
hypogammaglobulinemia

Back 1085

CLL

Front 1086

rx for metastatic testicular and ovarian tumors

Back 1086

cisplatin

Front 1087

Rx for:
metastatic malignant melanoma
refractory Hodgkin disease
various sarcomas

Back 1087

dacarbazine

Front 1088

Rx for
Hodgkin diseases and non-Hodgkin lymphomas
choriocarcinoma
lymphosarcoma
neuroblastoma

Back 1088

vinblastine

Front 1089

bone disease to which sickle-cell predisposes someone

Back 1089

osteomyelitis

Front 1090

most common site for hematogenous osteomyalitis

Back 1090

metaphysis of growing bones

Front 1091

bones that have become thick and brittle

Back 1091

osteopetrosis

Front 1092

what is dysfunctional in osteopetrosis

Back 1092

osteoclasts!

Front 1093

histology of joints in RA

Back 1093

fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by palisading epithelioid cells

Front 1094

varied vesicular rash

5 days later, vomiting, lethargy, coma
and hepatosplenomegaly

Back 1094

Reye's syndrome

Front 1095

postviral derangement of metabolism associated with enlarged, distorted mitochondria in many tissues

Back 1095

Reye's

Front 1096

PAS-positive cytoplasmic granules

Back 1096

alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency

Front 1097

Rhodamine-positive cytoplasmic granules

Back 1097

Wilson disease

Front 1098

transient hypocalcemia associated with this operation

Back 1098

subtotal thyroidectomy

Front 1099

autopsy shows a clot with homegenous color and no layering

Back 1099

postmortem clot (vs one that happened before, which would have lines of Zahn)

Front 1100

big side effect of valproic acid

Back 1100

thrombocytopenia
"Valproate ate your plate"

Front 1101

rx for an infant with apnea of prematurity

Back 1101

caffeine

Front 1102

neonate wtih continuous murmur over the pulmonary area, loud S2, widened pulse pressure, hyperactive precordium, cardiomegaly, pulmonary plethora

Back 1102

left to right shunt

Front 1103

a non-competitive alpha-1 blocker (it also blocks alpha-2)

Back 1103

phenoxybenzamine

Front 1104

what causes a downward shift in a dose-response curve

Back 1104

non-competitive antagonist

Front 1105

what part of the pituitary secretes:
LH, FSH
ADH

Back 1105

anterior
posterior

Front 1106

pulmonary hemorrhage and renal failure

Back 1106

Goodpastures

Front 1107

why is lepirudin a good tx for HIT

Back 1107

hirudins are not inhibited by platelet factor 4

Front 1108

CD 18 deficiency

Back 1108

leukocyte adhesion deficiency and failure of diapedesis so that leukocytes can't get to an area of inflammation

Front 1109

CD40L deficiency

Back 1109

hyper-IgM immunodeficiency, which makes TH cells unable to induce isotype switching in B cells

Front 1110

no circulating Bs
B cell maturation stops at pre-B
Normal T cell immunity

Back 1110

Bruton's X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia

Front 1111

low set ears
vertically elongate mouth and profile

Back 1111

Di-George

Front 1112

T cells that don't require education and selection in the thymus

Back 1112

gamma-delta T cells
likely protect against antigens that enter across epithelial barriers

Front 1113

congenital absence of the thymus

Back 1113

Di-George
because of failure of formation of the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches (which means problems with parathyroids and therefore hypocalcemic tetany often)

Front 1114

type of AML in which promonocytes stain positive for nonspecific esterases

Back 1114

M5

Front 1115

myeloperoxidase

Back 1115

famous marker for myeloid cells
absent in MO AML, but present in all others up to M3

Front 1116

most common form of AML

Back 1116

M2

Front 1117

translocation with M3 AML

Back 1117

t(15,17)
vitamin A receptor on the surface
allows retinoic acid to treat

Front 1118

nonspecific esterase

Back 1118

monoblasts
M4 or M5 AML

Front 1119

AML with high incidence of infiltration of tissues, like gums

Back 1119

M5

Front 1120

excessive thirst and urination
weight loss
erythematous necrotizing skin eruptions on legs

Back 1120

glucagon excess from tumor in alpha ells of pancreas

Front 1121

swollen, painful lymph nodes in axilla
multiple abrasions on the arm
papule associated with one abrasion

Back 1121

cat scratch feber
Bartonella henselae (which also causes angiomatosis)

Front 1122

bug for
bacillary angiomatosis
cat scratch fever

Back 1122

bartonella henselae

Front 1123

location for Wernicke's aphasia

Back 1123

superior temporal gyrus

Front 1124

upper homonymous quadrantanopia

Back 1124

lesion in temporal optic radiations (Meyer's loop, temporal lobe)

occlusion of a branch of the MCA

Front 1125

lower homonymous quadrantanopia

Back 1125

parietal optical radiations

Front 1126

homonymous hemianopia

Back 1126

optic tract, optic radiations, lateral geniculate

occlusion of PCA

Front 1127

ovarian tumor
solid, yellow masses
produces estrogen
abnormal uterine bleeding

Back 1127

granulosa cell tumor
can happen in older women, too

Front 1128

solid and/or cystic ovarian tumor
no hormonal imbalance

Back 1128

endometrioid carcinoma

Front 1129

chocolate cysts

Back 1129

endometriotic cyst

Front 1130

ulcerated lesion that won't heal
bitten by a phlebotimine sandfly
fever (possibly cycling)
night sweats, fatigue, anorexia,
dysphagia and dyspnea

Back 1130

leishmaniasis
Treat with compounds that contain antimony, sodium stibogluconate and neglumine antimonate (also can use pentamidine and amphotericin B)

Front 1131

ganciclovir is used t otreat

Back 1131

CMV

Front 1132

mebendazone is used to treat

Back 1132

worm infections

Front 1133

pyrazinamide is used to treat

Back 1133

mycobacterium tuberculosis

Front 1134

high mutational rate is the mechanism for antigenic drift in?

Back 1134

HIV

Front 1135

segmented genome is the mode for genetic drift in?

Back 1135

influenza A

Front 1136

expected PaO2 in a patient breathing 100% oxygen

Back 1136

over 500 -- and if it doesn't get there there has to be a cause (like VSD) that explains the lungs not seeing the Oxygen. In other words you need a SHUNT

Front 1137

does CO poisoning affect PaO2? CaO2

Back 1137

CaO2 only

Front 1138

when don't you give indomethacin to an RA patient

Back 1138

if they have a history of ulcers

Front 1139

why aren't methotrexate and sulfasalazine not used in treatment of acute RA

Back 1139

take weeks/months to elicit beneficial effects

Front 1140

neurons that degenerate in Friedreich ataxia

Back 1140

dorsal root ganglion

Front 1141

8 year old boy
ataxia
dysarthria
loos of highly discriminatory sensory modalities

Back 1141

Friedreich ataxia

Front 1142

in what columns do DRG ascend

Back 1142

posterior column, in gracile or cuneate, ipsilaterally

Front 1143

where does trans-synaptic degeneration happen in Friedrich's ataxia

Back 1143

ipsilateral gracile and cuneate nuclei

Front 1144

Formula for confidence interval

Back 1144

for a 95% confidence interval, Z is 1.96 but you can just use 2.0 to make things easy.

CI = Z times SD divided by the square root of the number in study. And then you express is as the mean +- the interval.

Front 1145

Z score for a 95% confidence? 99% confidence

Back 1145

2
2.5

Front 1146

Standard error of the mean forumla

Back 1146

SD/n (n is the square root of the sample size

Front 1147

antibiotic that inhibits the translocation step of ribosomal protein synthesis

Back 1147

erythromycin

Front 1148

result of fracture of lateral epicondyle of humerus

Back 1148

wrist drop

Front 1149

site of axillary nerve

Back 1149

surgical neck

Front 1150

neurons that degenerate in Friedreich ataxia

Back 1150

dorsal root ganglion

Front 1151

8 year old boy
ataxia
dysarthria
loos of highly discriminatory sensory modalities

Back 1151

Friedreich ataxia

Front 1152

in what columns do DRG ascend

Back 1152

posterior column, in gracile or cuneate, ipsilaterally

Front 1153

where does trans-synaptic degeneration happen in Friedrich's ataxia

Back 1153

ipsilateral gracile and cuneate nuclei

Front 1154

Formula for confidence interval

Back 1154

for a 95% confidence interval, Z is 1.96 but you can just use 2.0 to make things easy.

CI = Z times SD divided by the square root of the number in study. And then you express is as the mean +- the interval.

Front 1155

Z score for a 95% confidence? 99% confidence

Back 1155

2
2.5

Front 1156

Standard error of the mean forumla

Back 1156

SD/n (n is the square root of the sample size

Front 1157

antibiotic that inhibits the translocation step of ribosomal protein synthesis

Back 1157

erythromycin

Front 1158

result of fracture of lateral epicondyle of humerus

Back 1158

wrist drop

Front 1159

site of axillary nerve

Back 1159

surgical neck

Front 1160

result of fracture of medial epicondyle

Back 1160

claw hand
pain and paresthesia of medial hand

Front 1161

damage caused in a mid-shart fracture of humerus

Back 1161

radial nerve (wrist drop)
profunda brachii artery damage

Front 1162

commonality between retroviral life cycle and exotoxin A of strep pyogenes

Back 1162

lysogeny, in which a phage inserts it DNA into the bacterial chromosome by site-specific recombination

Front 1163

commonality aamong
OBED
O antigen of Salmonella
botulinum exotoxin
erythrogenic exotoxins of strep pyo
diphtheria toxin

Back 1163

lysogeny, and therefore present of a phage with the toxin

Front 1164

toxins carried on phages

Back 1164

OBED
O antigen of salmonelaa
Botulinum
Erythrogenic toxin of strep pyo
Diphtheria toxin

Front 1165

amyloid in lung trouble characterized by foul-smelling sputum and massively dilated airways with bronchiectasis

Back 1165

AA (which is the key one in secondary amyloidosis)

2 AAs is 2ndary

Front 1166

location of the p450 system

Back 1166

pericentral vein, which is Zone 3, farthest from the blood supply. It's also very sensitive to ischemia

Front 1167

where is vitamin A stored

Back 1167

Ito cells

Front 1168

which part of the liver is most sensitive to toxic injury

Back 1168

zone 1, or the periportal zone

Front 1169

how to figure out probablilty that study results don't accurately reflect treatment results (and what is this statistic called?)

Back 1169

this is Type II or beta error.

Type II error = 1 - Power

Front 1170

Type I error when p > .05

Back 1170

zero, because we failed to reject the null hypothesis

Front 1171

is p value relevant to Type I or Type II error

Back 1171

Type II

Front 1172

main factor in statistical power

Back 1172

size of sample size

Front 1173

the kind of error when you made a wrong conclusion and didn't see correctly what was going on.

Back 1173

Type II

Front 1174

what's in dorsal gray horn

Back 1174

neurons responding to sensory input

Front 1175

what's in lateral column

Back 1175

descending lateral corticospinal and rubrospinal

ascending spinocerebellar and spinothalamic

Front 1176

what's in ventral column

Back 1176

descending anterior corticospinal and tectospinal

ascending spinothalamic

Front 1177

what's in ventral horn

Back 1177

lower motor neurons

Front 1178

action of the psoas

Back 1178

hip flexion

Front 1179

numerous light-brown macules dispersed on a newborn

Back 1179

neurofibroma, associated wtih neurfibromatosis

Front 1180

poor prognostic sign in a neuroblastoma

Back 1180

N-myc amplification

Front 1181

alpha-fetoprotein is a marker for?

Back 1181

hepatocellular carcinoma
testicular tumors

fetus comes from a testicle
protein comes from the liver

Front 1182

pronounced anterior tibial convexity

Back 1182

saber shins
congenital syphillis

Front 1183

dementia
urinary incontinence
gait abnormalities

(how do you treat this?)

Back 1183

normal pressure hydrocephalus
(now renamed, intermittently raised pressure hydrocephalus)

DUG -- CSF fluid has dug in its heels and is accumulating
treat with a shunt

Front 1184

what is treated with Vitabmin B1

Back 1184

Wernicke's

Front 1185

human chorionic gonadotropin is associated with?

Back 1185

syncytial cells of choriocarcinoma

Front 1186

substances associated wtih yolk sac tumor

Back 1186

alpha fetoprotein
alpha 1 antitrypsin

the yolk is the alpha moment of the fetus

Front 1187

endodermal sinuses and cytoplasmic granules staining for alpha-fetoprotein

Back 1187

yolk sac tumor

Front 1188

which hypersensitivity requires T cells and is therefore absent in children with this syndrome

Back 1188

Type IV
diGeorge

D is the 4th letter of the alphabet

Front 1189

decreased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid

Back 1189

Downs

Front 1190

Why can't DiGeorge patients develop allergy

Back 1190

can't isotype switch because they don't have TH2s

Front 1191

prominent telangiectasias around the eyes

Back 1191

ataxia-telangiectasia syndrome, or choromosomal breakage syndrome

increased translocations, esp involving the TCR loci

Front 1192

why do diGeorge patients have hypocalcemia?

Back 1192

no PTs

Front 1193

what causes tetany

Back 1193

hypocalcemia

Front 1194

what is labetalol given for?

Back 1194

HTN

Front 1195

what is guanfacine and what is it given for?

Back 1195

centrally acting alpha 2 agonist for tx of mild/moderate HTN

Front 1196

nerve responsible for stabilizing us in walking or running

Back 1196

superior gluteal

glues us superiorly in our gate

Front 1197

Trendelenburg gait

Back 1197

superior gluteal problem

Front 1198

nerve to adduct thing

Back 1198

obturator

Front 1199

where in the liver are Ito cells found

Back 1199

perisinusoidal

Front 1200

where are Kupffer cells found

Back 1200

liver sinusoids

Front 1201

where is space of Disse

Back 1201

in perisinusoidal space in liver

Front 1202

what are the immune cells activated by an attenuated live vaccine

Back 1202

T cells

Front 1203

thyroid cells that secrete calcitonin

Back 1203

C cells

Front 1204

Hurthle cells

Back 1204

altered thyroid follicular cells with very eosinophilic cytoplasm

Front 1205

which Parathyroid cells secrete PTH? what do the others do?

Back 1205

chief cells

Front 1206

hormone that increases GI blood supply after a meal at mcDonalds

Back 1206

CCK

Front 1207

type of emphysema related to alpha 1 antitrypsin

Back 1207

panacinar

Front 1208

type of emphysema related to smoking

Back 1208

centriacinar

Front 1209

forms of emphysema associated with scarring

Back 1209

compensatory and paraseptal

Front 1210

lung cancer associated wtih SVC syndrome

Back 1210

bronchogenic carcinoma, and small cell is the most common of these at causing SVC syndrome

Front 1211

does increasing extracellular K+, holding intracellular constant, depolarize or repolarize the cell

Back 1211

depolarize

Front 1212

which receptor is linked to fast progression of HIV? which to nonprogressors

Back 1212

CXCR1 is bad; CCR5 is great

5 keeps you alive; one means you're done

Front 1213

role of gp120 protein in HIV

Back 1213

first binds CD4 and enables a conformation change that enables the co-receptor to bind. Then it is possible for gp41 to bind

Front 1214

what is the role of gp41 in HIV

Back 1214

facilitates fusion of the viral envelope with the plasma membrane so that the viral core can get into the cell

Front 1215

desmoglein

Back 1215

pemphigus

Front 1216

innervates dorsal interossei

Back 1216

ulnar nerve

Front 1217

causes of pansystolic murmurs

Back 1217

mitral or tricuspid regurg

Front 1218

S3 sound

Back 1218

right or left ventricular overload

Front 1219

part of the brain vulnerable to damage by bilirubin

Back 1219

any part of the basal ganglia

Front 1220

what doe Calcium bind in
smooth muscle
skeletal muscle
cardiac muscle

Back 1220

calmodulin in smooth
troponin in the others

Front 1221

what do the following have in common?
Hungington's
Fragile X
Myotonic dystrophy

Back 1221

Genetic anticipation

Front 1222

Gower's sign

Back 1222

MD

Front 1223

glassy intranuclear inclusions
"punched out" ulcers

Back 1223

Herpes simplex

Front 1224

if a dad learns to whip his child from his father having done that to him, what kind of learning is that?

Back 1224

social learning

Front 1225

Warthin-Finkeldey giant cell

Back 1225

measles or live attenuated measles vaccine

Front 1226

multinucleated giant cells in an inflamed lymph node 2 weeks post vaccine

giant cell has eosinophilic cytoplasmic and nuclear inclusion bodies

Back 1226

Warthin-Finkeldey giant cell pathognomonic for measles live attenuated vaccine or measles itself

Front 1227

dementia
selective atrophy of cortex of frontal lobes

Back 1227

Pick

Front 1228

dementia
diffuse brain atrophy

Back 1228

Alzheimers

Front 1229

landmark for the ureter

Back 1229

passing anterior to the origin of the external iliac as it crosses the pelvic brim

Pee over ei

Front 1230

vomiting and diarrhea.. which produces an anion gap acidosis

Back 1230

check first aid

Front 1231

vomiting and diarrhea.. which produces an anion gap acidosis

Back 1231

check first aid

Front 1232

inheritance pattern of Lesch Nyhan

Back 1232

x linked recessive

Front 1233

inheritance pattern of Lesch Nyhan

Back 1233

x linked recessive

Front 1234

three main arteries of the forearm

Back 1234

common interosseous
radial
ulnar

Front 1235

three main arteries of the forearm

Back 1235

common interosseous
radial
ulnar

Front 1236

amastigote

Back 1236

form of leshmania parasite that survives in macrophages

Front 1237

amastigote

Back 1237

form of leshmania parasite that survives in macrophages

Front 1238

muscle that the median nerve passes through

Back 1238

pronator teres

Front 1239

muscle that the median nerve passes through

Back 1239

pronator teres

Front 1240

nerve that pierces the corachobrachialis

Back 1240

musculocutaneous

Front 1241

nerve that pierces the corachobrachialis

Back 1241

musculocutaneous

Front 1242

flexor carpi ulnaris is pierced by which nerve?

Back 1242

ulnar

Front 1243

supinator pierced by which nerve?

Back 1243

deep branch of the radial nerve

Front 1244

flexor carpi ulnaris is pierced by which nerve?

Back 1244

ulnar

Front 1245

overaction of bcl-2

Back 1245

follicular lymphoma and it's t(14;18)

Front 1246

supinator pierced by which nerve?

Back 1246

deep branch of the radial nerve

Front 1247

c myc and Ig loci

Back 1247

Burkitts t(8;14)

Front 1248

overaction of bcl-2

Back 1248

follicular lymphoma and it's t(14;18)

Front 1249

c myc and Ig loci

Back 1249

Burkitts t(8;14)

Front 1250

non-lobulated nucleus

Back 1250

macrophage

Front 1251

non-lobulated nucleus

Back 1251

macrophage

Front 1252

rufled cytoplasmic membrane

Back 1252

macrophage

Front 1253

rufled cytoplasmic membrane

Back 1253

macrophage

Front 1254

IgG and C3b receptors on surface

Back 1254

macrophage

Front 1255

IgG and C3b receptors on surface

Back 1255

macrophage

Front 1256

Rb gene

Back 1256

retinoblastoma
osteosarcoma

rbro ohoh

Front 1257

Rb gene

Back 1257

retinoblastoma
osteosarcoma

rbro ohoh

Front 1258

germline mutation of NF2

Back 1258

bilateral acoustic neuromas

NF2 2lateral AN

Front 1259

germline mutation of NF2

Back 1259

bilateral acoustic neuromas

NF2 2lateral AN

Front 1260

germline mutation of NF1

Back 1260

NF1

Front 1261

germline mutation of NF1

Back 1261

NF1

Front 1262

orange-yellow tonsils
low serum cholesterol
sensory neuropathy
muscle wasting of hands

Back 1262

Tangier disease
lackof ABCA1 cholesterol transporter

Front 1263

orange-yellow tonsils
low serum cholesterol
sensory neuropathy
muscle wasting of hands

Back 1263

Tangier disease
lackof ABCA1 cholesterol transporter

Front 1264

orange yellow tonsils

Back 1264

tonsils full of foam cells

Front 1265

orange yellow tonsils

Back 1265

tonsils full of foam cells

Front 1266

kind of genetic problem that can cause repeated miscarriages

Back 1266

Robertsonian translocations of 14 and 21 (wihich can also cause Downs)

Front 1267

kind of genetic problem that can cause repeated miscarriages

Back 1267

Robertsonian translocations of 14 and 21 (wihich can also cause Downs)

Front 1268

what's special about Raloxifene

Back 1268

estrogen agonist in bone but antagonist in breast and uterus

Front 1269

what's special about Raloxifene

Back 1269

estrogen agonist in bone but antagonist in breast and uterus

Front 1270

toxin causing scarlet fever

Back 1270

pyrogenic exotoxin

Front 1271

sandpaper rash

Back 1271

scarlet fever

Front 1272

positive Nikolsky sign
negative Nikolsky sign

Back 1272

vulgaris is positive
bullous is negative

Front 1273

eosinophils within blisters

Back 1273

bullous pemphigoid

Front 1274

vesicles with rounded acantholytic keratynocytes "floating' within

Back 1274

pemphigus vulgaris

Front 1275

in which pemphigus are the mucosal lesions

Back 1275

vulgaris

mucosal lesions are vulgar!

Front 1276

who becomes febrile, loses weight and dies... vulgaris or bullous

Back 1276

Vulgaris

Front 1277

serious kind of malaria

Back 1277

plasmodium falciparum

Front 1278

cyclical fevers
exhaustion
diminished mental acuity
severe hemolytic anemia
pulmonary edema
renal failure
coma

Back 1278

plasmodium falciparum

Front 1279

most common cause of malaria

Back 1279

plasmodium vivax

Front 1280

toxin causing scarlet fever

Back 1280

pyrogenic exotoxin

Front 1281

sandpaper rash

Back 1281

scarlet fever

Front 1282

positive Nikolsky sign
negative Nikolsky sign

Back 1282

vulgaris is positive
bullous is negative

Front 1283

eosinophils within blisters

Back 1283

bullous pemphigoid

Front 1284

vesicles with rounded acantholytic keratynocytes "floating' within

Back 1284

pemphigus vulgaris

Front 1285

in which pemphigus are the mucosal lesions

Back 1285

vulgaris

mucosal lesions are vulgar!

Front 1286

who becomes febrile, loses weight and dies... vulgaris or bullous

Back 1286

Vulgaris

Front 1287

serious kind of malaria

Back 1287

plasmodium falciparum

Front 1288

cyclical fevers
exhaustion
diminished mental acuity
severe hemolytic anemia
pulmonary edema
renal failure
coma

Back 1288

plasmodium falciparum

Front 1289

most common cause of malaria

Back 1289

plasmodium vivax

Front 1290

scabies med that is safe for small children and pregnant mothers

Back 1290

sulfur in petrolatum

scabies in pregnancy!
but you'd otherwise use permethrin if pregnancy permitted!

Front 1291

inheritance pattern of hemochromatosis

Back 1291

AR

Front 1292

formula for fractional excretion of water

Back 1292

urine volume/GFR

GFR = Urine inulin x Volume / Plasma inulin

Front 1293

what kind of shok can increase cardiac output

Back 1293

septic

Front 1294

what is the role of enterokinase

Back 1294

activates the proteases that are secreted by the pancreas in zymogen form (one of these is procarboxypeptidase A)

Front 1295

location of a stroke that causes hemiballismus

Back 1295

subthalamic nucleus, contralateral

Front 1296

location of lesion causing tremor with intended movement.

Back 1296

dentate nucleus of cerebellum

Front 1297

location of lesion causing spastic weakness

Back 1297

primary motor cortex

Front 1298

hormone that inhibits gastric emptying

Back 1298

CCK

Front 1299

nerve compromised in uncal herniation

Back 1299

III

Front 1300

artery compromised in subfalcine herniation

Back 1300

ACA

Front 1301

what is the effect of blood transfusion on RVR (resistance to venous return)

Back 1301

decreases it because the increase in blood volume caused by the transfusion distends the blood vessesl and decreases the RVR

Front 1302

What's the significance of 2,3-DPG

Back 1302

it binds reversibly with Hb causing it to have a lower affinity for Oxygen and making hemoglobin more readily unload oxygen. Shifts the curve to the right. This adaptation is necessary in high altitude (2500-5300m). Too much impairs oxygen loading in the lungs, which is a problem at very high altitidues

Front 1303

effect of polycythemia on the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve

Back 1303

moves it upwards due to the increased arterial hemoglobin content

Front 1304

effect of fetal hemoglobin on the dissociation curve

Back 1304

shifts it to the left

Front 1305

is sweat hypertonic or hypotonic

Back 1305

hypotonic

Front 1306

how does sweating cause a hypertonic contraction

Back 1306

loss of water increases osmolarity of the ECF
osmotic gradient pulls water from intra to extra
decrease in both intra and extra volumes
increase in osmolarity

Front 1307

what hemodynamic variables are increased by cardiac tamponade

Back 1307

atrial and venous pressure in both the pulmonary and systemic veins because it raises both intrapericardial and cardiac chamber pressures

Front 1308

Schuffner dots

Back 1308

Plasmodium vivax or ovale

dots VOts

Front 1309

Maltese cross formations

Back 1309

RBCs infected by Babesia microti

Front 1310

Malarias that don't have dormant forms and don't relapse

Back 1310

falciparum and malariae

Malaria's Final

Front 1311

what kind of antihistamine should be used in a BPH patient

Back 1311

one with lmited anticholinergic effect, like loratidine, cetirizine or fexofenadine (claritin, zyrtec or allegra)

Front 1312

pap smear showing cells with cytoplasmic inclusions within epithelial cells

Back 1312

chlamydia, and these are elementary bodies

Front 1313

what can't chlamydia synthesize?
What's strange about the cell wall they synthesize?

Back 1313

ATP

no muramic acid

Front 1314

bacteria with no cell walls

Back 1314

mycoplasma and ureaplasma

Front 1315

which bacteria require cysteine

Back 1315

Legionella
Pasterella
Brucella
Francisella

Front 1316

S-100

Back 1316

marker for
- melanoma
- neural tumors
- astrocytomas

Front 1317

markers for gastric adenoarcinoma

Back 1317

CEA
bombesin

Front 1318

markers for hepatocellular carconima

Back 1318

alpha fetoprotein
alpha 1 antitrypsin

hep-alpha-tocellular

Front 1319

markers for prostatic carcinoma

Back 1319

PSA
prostatic acid phosphatase

Front 1320

what is badly synthesized in PNH

Back 1320

PIG-A (gene for which is on X chromosome), making RBCs more susceptible to lysis in an acid environment

Front 1321

how is PHN liked to Budd Chiari

Back 1321

prone to venous thrombosis, especially in the intrahebatic veins and producing Budd Chiari

Front 1322

sugar water test and Ham test

Back 1322

PIG-A for PNH

Front 1323

DAF diminished

Back 1323

PHN

Front 1324

what does Crigler-Najjar cause

Back 1324

severe unconjugated hyyperbilirubinemia because of defect in hepatic bilirubin conjugation

Front 1325

neonate
abdominal distention +- emesis
progressive palid cyanosis
vasomotor collapse
loose, greenish stools
refusal to suck
ashen color

Back 1325

gray baby syndrome due to clhoramphenicol

grey-amphenicol

Front 1326

antibiotic that can cause pseydomembranous colitis and agranulocytosis

Back 1326

clindamycin

Front 1327

antibiotic that can cause kernitcterus, which can cause abnormal cerebral development in infants

Back 1327

TMP/SMX

Front 1328

hitting ground with a golf club

Back 1328

hook'o'the'hamate fracture

Front 1329

falling onto an outstretched hand causes

Back 1329

scaphyolunate ligament rupture

Front 1330

anti-Sm

Back 1330

SLE, pathognomonic (but only in 30% of cases)

Front 1331

antibodies to small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (Smith antigent)

Back 1331

SLE (20-30% of patients)

Front 1332

anti-DNA topoisomerase (anti-Scl 70)

Back 1332

diffuse systemic sclerosis

Front 1333

antihistone antibodies

Back 1333

drug-induced SLE

Front 1334

extra copy of gene responsible for dementia in down's syndrome patients makes which protein

Back 1334

Amyloid precursor protein (encoded on 21

Front 1335

nerve responsible for plantarflexion

Back 1335

tibial nerve

Front 1336

decreased bicarb, elevated PCO2, acidotic

Back 1336

metabolic acidosis without compensation

Front 1337

mupirocin use

Back 1337

impetigo

Front 1338

migratory thrombophlebitis

Back 1338

Trousseau's syndrome - clotting disorder caused by malignance.

Indicates adenocarciomas, usually from pancreas or lung

Front 1339

which of the following gI hormones are trophic?
gastrin
secretin
CCK
GIP
Motilin

Back 1339

Gastrin (throughout GI, except esophagus and antrum)

Secretin (in exocrine pancrease)
CCK (in exocrine pancreas)

Front 1340

pathologies that Trisomy 21 increases risk for

Back 1340

ALL
AML
Epilepsy
atlantoaxial dislocation
ASD, VSD TOF, PDA
boys infertile; girls subfertile
Alzheimers in mid adulthood

Front 1341

GI protozoa that looks like a crescent on biopsy and appears next to the brush border

Back 1341

giardia

Front 1342

Broca aphasia

Spastic paresis and anesthesia of contralateral lower face and limb

Back 1342

left MCA

Front 1343

ganglion cell and optic nerve degeneration

Back 1343

retinal damage due to glaucoma

Front 1344

neonate with inappropriate proliferation of vessels in inner layers of retina

Back 1344

retinopathy of prematurity, due often to being on high FiO2

Front 1345

cattlerancher would get this
intermittent fevers
drenching malodorous sweats
weight loss

Back 1345

Brucella abortus

Front 1346

San Joaquin River Valley
Southwestern US
granulomatous pulmonary syndrome

Back 1346

coccidioides

Front 1347

nematode you can get from eating bear meat

Back 1347

Trichinella spiralis

no small trick to eat bear meat!

Front 1348

in female genitals, where are:
squamous epithelium
nonciliated columnar
ciliated collumnar
cuboidal

Back 1348

cervix and vagina
endometrium and some cysts
fallopian tube
surface of ovary and some cysts

Front 1349

drug of choice for N gonorrhoeae

Back 1349

ceftriaxone

Front 1350

bug whose pili undergo antigenic and phase variation

Back 1350

N. gonorrhoeae

Front 1351

rounded structure on the back of the knee

Back 1351

popliteal, or Baker, cyst

Front 1352

X linked
ecxema
thromocytopenia
repeated infections
decreased platelets
IgE increased

Back 1352

Wiskott-Aldrich serum protein (WASP) gene mutation

Front 1353

deficient adenosine deaminase

Back 1353

SCID

Front 1354

CD18 deficiency

Back 1354

omphalitis beginning early in life

Front 1355

CD14

Back 1355

macrophages

Front 1356

CD16

Back 1356

FcG receptor on macrophage

Front 1357

target for lamivudine and stavudine

Back 1357

telomerase, thereby inhibiting reverse transcriptase
(in HIV therapy)

Front 1358

target of fluoroquinolones

Back 1358

DNA topoisomerase

Front 1359

cytokine for isotype switching to IgA

Back 1359

IL-5

Front 1360

cytokine for isotype switching to IgE

Back 1360

IL-4

Front 1361

cytokine for activating B cells and a pyrogen

Back 1361

IL-6

Front 1362

violaceous plaqeus on the skin and mucous membranes

Back 1362

HHV8

Front 1363

virus associated with liver cirrhosis

Back 1363

HCV

Front 1364

virus associated with nasopharyngeal carcionoma

Back 1364

EBV

Front 1365

virus associated with Burkitt lymphoma

Back 1365

EBV

Front 1366

what virus infects monocytes

Back 1366

CMV

Front 1367

what lymphocytes are induced in mono?

Back 1367

Downey type II cells = CD8 positive cytotoxic cells

Front 1368

measles virus is in what family

Back 1368

paramyxo

Front 1369

what class of bacteria produce endotoxin

Back 1369

outer membrane of gram (-) bacteria

Front 1370

which bugs make superantigen

Back 1370

s aureus
strep pyogenes

Front 1371

Duppuytren contracture? And what cells are associated?

Back 1371

contracture of the palmar fascia
caused by interaction of myofibroblasts with collagen fibrils of the fascia

Front 1372

neurotransmitter for REM sleep

Back 1372

ACh

Front 1373

neurotransmitter for REM sleep

Back 1373

ACh

Front 1374

intention tremor and akinesia

Back 1374

cerebellar dysfunction

Front 1375

intention tremor and akinesia

Back 1375

cerebellar dysfunction

Front 1376

"string of beads"
hypertension
renal arteries that have a beaded appearance

Back 1376

fibromuscular dysplasia (not just atherosclerosis)

Front 1377

"string of beads"
hypertension
renal arteries that have a beaded appearance

Back 1377

fibromuscular dysplasia (not just atherosclerosis)

Front 1378

who -- and what body area -- does Buerger's disease affect

Back 1378

vessels of extremities of male smokers

Front 1379

who -- and what body area -- does Buerger's disease affect

Back 1379

vessels of extremities of male smokers

Front 1380

blue/black pigment affecting connective tissue and cartilage

Back 1380

homogentisic acid

Front 1381

blue/black pigment affecting connective tissue and cartilage

Back 1381

homogentisic acid

Front 1382

delayed separation of the umbilical cord and omphalitis
no pus
very very high white cell count

Back 1382

leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD)
mutations of the gene that encodes for the C18 beta-2 lekocyte integring subunit on neutrophils

umbilical cord Adheres the baby to the Lactator

Front 1383

delayed separation of the umbilical cord and omphalitis
no pus
very very high white cell count

Back 1383

leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD)
mutations of the gene that encodes for the C18 beta-2 lekocyte integring subunit on neutrophils

umbilical cord Adheres the baby to the Lactator

Front 1384

what are you looking for when you look for large inclusions in nucleated blood cells

Back 1384

Chediak-Kigashi, with its defective neutrophil granules (increasing susceptibility to infection)

Front 1385

what are you looking for when you look for large inclusions in nucleated blood cells

Back 1385

Chediak-Kigashi, with its defective neutrophil granules (increasing susceptibility to infection)

Front 1386

what disease are you looking for with a flow cytometry dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR) fluorescence test

Back 1386

CGD with DHR

D comes after C; H comes after G

Front 1387

what disease are you looking for with a flow cytometry dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR) fluorescence test

Back 1387

CGD with DHR

D comes after C; H comes after G

Front 1388

CD18 B2

Back 1388

integrin subunit on the PMN that mediates tight binding so that they can diapedese into tissue.

Eighteen Tightteen

Front 1389

CD18 B2

Back 1389

integrin subunit on the PMN that mediates tight binding so that they can diapedese into tissue.

Eighteen Tightteen

Front 1390

which hormone is in the same family as GH

Back 1390

prolactin

Front 1391

which hormone is in the same family as GH

Back 1391

prolactin

Front 1392

drug that causes kernicterus in the infant born to a mother who received it

Back 1392

TMP/SMX
sulfisoxazole

Front 1393

drug that causes gray-baby syndrome

Back 1393

chloramphenicol

Front 1394

histology done and something stains green

Back 1394

spores

Front 1395

histology done and something stains black

Back 1395

yeast

Front 1396

histology done and something stains purple

Back 1396

Gram + bacteria (with thick peptidoglycan layer) in Gram stain

Front 1397

histology done and something stains pink

Back 1397

Gram (-) bacteria with their mere, thin peptidoglycan layer

Front 1398

component of gram negative bacteria responsible for sepsis

Back 1398

LPS

LPSepsis

Front 1399

teichoic acid is in

Back 1399

gram +

Front 1400

crystal violet vs saffronin

Back 1400

crystal violet makes gram + purple; saffronin makes gram (-) pink

Front 1401

dilated aorta with distinctive wrinkling of intimal surface

Back 1401

tree-barking in a syphilitic aneurysm which is an obliterative endarteritis of the vasa vasorum

Front 1402

vessels with a heavy eosinophilic infiltrate

Back 1402

Churg-Strauss

Front 1403

fibrinoid necrosis with a neutrophilic infiltration

Back 1403

PAN

Front 1404

focal fragmentation of elastic elements

Back 1404

cystic medial necrosis, as is associated with aortic dissection

Front 1405

ringlike calcification of the vessel media

Back 1405

Monckeberg arteriosclerosis

Front 1406

what releases ANP and when

Back 1406

the atrial cells following expansion of fluid volumes. It suppresses RAS

Front 1407

scarlet tongue

Back 1407

kawasaki disease
AND
scarlet fever

Front 1408

Still disease

Back 1408

juvenil rheumatoid arthritis

Front 1409

failure of lateral maxillary prominence to fuse with the medial nasal prominence

Back 1409

cleft lip

Front 1410

failure of maxillary prominences to fuse with each other or the medail nasal prominences

Back 1410

cleft palate

Front 1411

translocation involving immunoglobulin heavy chain and bcl-2

Back 1411

follicular lymphoma

Front 1412

translocation involving bcl-1 and IgH

Back 1412

t(11;14) in mantle cell lymphoma and well as small non-cleaved lymphocytic lymphoma, myeloma

Front 1413

poor esophageal motility due to near-complete absence of smooth-muscle peristalsis and lower esophageal sphincter tone

Back 1413

scleroderma

Front 1414

massively dilated esophagus and colon

Back 1414

Chagas disease

Front 1415

anemia
atrophic glossitis
esophageal webs

Back 1415

Plummer-Vinson

Front 1416

prokinetic agent for GERD that can exacerbate Parkinson disease because it antagonizes dopamine receptors

Back 1416

metoclopramide

Front 1417

purpose of sucralfate

Back 1417

to form an ulcer-adherent complex at the site of an ulcer, in order to treat duodenal ulcer

Front 1418

most common site for oral cancers

Back 1418

(not including the lip...)
floor of mouth
tip of tongue
hard palate
base of tongue
(there was another question where lip was most common -- reason must have been different)

Front 1419

cholecystits without jaundice. Location of blockage?

Back 1419

cystic duct
(or, less commonly, gall bladder)

Front 1420

nerve that innervates posterior muscles of arm and forearm and sensation in those areas

Back 1420

radial

Front 1421

nerve that innervates the anterior compartment of the forearm

Back 1421

median

Front 1422

nerve that innervates the anterior compartment of the arm

Back 1422

musculocutaneous

Front 1423

shoulder dislocation: nerve injured?

Back 1423

radial

Front 1424

humeral fracture (surgical neck): nerve injured?

Back 1424

axillary

Front 1425

elbow/wrist fracture: nerve injured?

Back 1425

medial or ulnar

Front 1426

what does sibutramine do?

Back 1426

MAOI that also blocks serotonin and NE reuptake.

Prescribed to reduce appetite (and may increase energy expenditure)

Front 1427

t(4;110

Back 1427

ALL

Front 1428

t(6;9)

Back 1428

AML with basophilia

Front 1429

t(8;21)

Back 1429

M2 and some M4 AML

Front 1430

type of AML with DIC

Back 1430

M3, auer rods, t(15;17)

Front 1431

hormone secreted by brain tissue that derives from diencephalon

Back 1431

oxytocin
vasopressin

(posterior pituitary; although made in hypothalams)

Front 1432

side effect of atenolol

Back 1432

AV block

Front 1433

type of block where impulses aren't conducted through AV node

Back 1433

3rd degree, complete heart block

Front 1434

sodium thiosulfate

Back 1434

antidote for cyanide poisoning

Front 1435

infectious disease associated wtih 3rd degree AV block

Back 1435

lyme disease

Front 1436

most toxic part of LPS

Back 1436

lipid A

Front 1437

cytokines triggered by LPS

Back 1437

1, 6, TNF

Front 1438

lecithinase

Back 1438

produced by clostridium perfringens to damage cell membranes

LG is a kind of Fridge

Front 1439

O-specific polysaccharid

Back 1439

part of LPS that induces specific immunity

007 has immunity

Front 1440

what's the relationship between LPS and endotoxin

Back 1440

same thing

Front 1441

rosenthal fibers

Back 1441

pilocytic astrocytoma

(corkscrew shaped, intensely eosinophilic, alphabeta crystallin

Front 1442

tumor in the cerebellum appearing as a cyst with a mural nodule and containing Rosenthal fibers

Back 1442

pilocytic astrocytoma

Front 1443

solid tumor in midline posterior fossa, infiltrating the cerebellar vermis. Solid not cystic. undifferentiated cells in patternless sheets

Back 1443

medulloblastoma

Front 1444

ventricular tumor
perivascular pseudorosettes
ependymal rosettes

Back 1444

ependymoma

Front 1445

location of chemoreceptor trigger zone

Back 1445

area postrema on floor of 4th ventricle

Front 1446

location of the vomiting center

Back 1446

medulla

Front 1447

key structure in floor of third ventricle

Back 1447

hypothalamus

Front 1448

what activates the classic complement pathway

Back 1448

antigen-antibody complexes

Front 1449

acute epididymitis and orthitis with prominent neutrophils

Back 1449

gonorrhea

Front 1450

slowly developing testicular enlargement
obliterative endarteritis
perivascular cuffing of lymphocytes and plasma cells
diffuse interstitial inflammation with edema
prominent plasma cell infiltrate

Back 1450

syphillis

Front 1451

orchitis

gummas or obliterative endarteritis with prominent lymphocytes and plasma cells

Back 1451

syphillis

Front 1452

most common antibiotics for chlamydia

Back 1452

azithromycin (binds 50S subunit)
doxycycline

Front 1453

tx for condylomata acuminatum

Back 1453

podophyllum resin in tincture of benzoin

Front 1454

irregular vaginal bleeding
lower abdominal pain
friable cervix
cervical and adnexal tenderness

Back 1454

chlamydia

Front 1455

which parts of the colon are retroperitoneal

Back 1455

ascending and descending

Front 1456

acute epididymitis and orthitis with prominent neutrophils

Back 1456

gonorrhea

Front 1457

which part of the duodenum is peritoneal

Back 1457

first

Front 1458

slowly developing testicular enlargement
obliterative endarteritis
perivascular cuffing of lymphocytes and plasma cells
diffuse interstitial inflammation with edema
prominent plasma cell infiltrate

Back 1458

syphillis

Front 1459

which part of the pancreas is peritoneal

Back 1459

tail

Front 1460

orchitis

gummas or obliterative endarteritis with prominent lymphocytes and plasma cells

Back 1460

syphillis

Front 1461

baby delivred breech, with arms in an extended position after the head

Back 1461

Klumpke paralysis
stretches lower brachial plexus
paralysis of intrinsic hand muscles

Front 1462

most common antibiotics for chlamydia

Back 1462

azithromycin (binds 50S subunit)
doxycycline

Front 1463

tx for condylomata acuminatum

Back 1463

podophyllum resin in tincture of benzoin

Front 1464

irregular vaginal bleeding
lower abdominal pain
friable cervix
cervical and adnexal tenderness

Back 1464

chlamydia

Front 1465

which parts of the colon are retroperitoneal

Back 1465

ascending and descending

Front 1466

which part of the duodenum is peritoneal

Back 1466

first

Front 1467

which part of the pancreas is peritoneal

Back 1467

tail

Front 1468

baby delivred breech, with arms in an extended position after the head

Back 1468

Klumpke paralysis
stretches lower brachial plexus
paralysis of intrinsic hand muscles

Front 1469

rough deliver with damage to the shoulder (but arm not extended)

Back 1469

Erb palsy (damage to upper part of brachial plexus

Front 1470

why are Auer rods an issue when M3 AML is being treated

Back 1470

cells lysed - enzymes release - DIC

Front 1471

rouleaux formation

Back 1471

multiple myeloma

Front 1472

cell with a lot of spherical ares containing material arranged in a scroll-like pattern

Back 1472

mast cell

Front 1473

GI peptide that induces insulin release

Back 1473

GIP

Front 1474

capture of cellular oncogenes by a virus leading to cancer

Back 1474

HTLV

Front 1475

virus that downregulates Class I MHC

Back 1475

cytomegalovirus

(NK's take over!)

Front 1476

virus that inactivates tumor suppressor genes

Back 1476

HPV

Front 1477

virus that does a transolcation involving an oncogene

Back 1477

EBV in Burkitts

Front 1478

insertional mutagenesis

Back 1478

HIV

Front 1479

what the median nerve lies between just before it enters the carpal tunnel

Back 1479

tendons of:
palmaris longus (median is long and does the palm)

flexor carpi radialis

Front 1480

major basic protein

Back 1480

crystalline core of Eosiniphilic granules for killing parasites

Front 1481

myeloperoxidase

Back 1481

in azurophilic granules of neutrophil

Front 1482

lactoferrin

Back 1482

PMNs
inhibits growth of bacteria by interfereing with iron metabolism

Front 1483

lymphocyte with intracytoplasmic granules that have crystalline cores

Back 1483

eosinophil

Front 1484

acute respiratory stress secondary to failure of lung expansion in the first minutes to hours of life

Back 1484

diaphragmatic hernia

Front 1485

how to differentiate non-passage of meconium between Hirschsprung disease and CF

Back 1485

in Hirschsrung there will be a narrowing of the aganglionic bowel segment because stool can't get there

Front 1486

projectile vomiting without bile in the 4th-6th week of life

Back 1486

hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Front 1487

what are the causative agents in pseudomonas for causing ecthyma gangrenosum in a burn patient

Back 1487

elastases: LasA and LasB

Front 1488

pyocyanin

Back 1488

blue pigment produced by pseudomonas. catalyzes production of oxygen radicals and stimulates IL-8 release, but not involved in formation of gangrene

Front 1489

what the median nerve lies between just before it enters the carpal tunnel

Back 1489

tendons of:
palmaris longus (median is long and does the palm)

flexor carpi radialis

Front 1490

major basic protein

Back 1490

crystalline core of Eosiniphilic granules for killing parasites

Front 1491

myeloperoxidase

Back 1491

in azurophilic granules of neutrophil

Front 1492

lactoferrin

Back 1492

PMNs
inhibits growth of bacteria by interfereing with iron metabolism

Front 1493

lymphocyte with intracytoplasmic granules that have crystalline cores

Back 1493

eosinophil

Front 1494

acute respiratory stress secondary to failure of lung expansion in the first minutes to hours of life

Back 1494

diaphragmatic hernia

Front 1495

how to differentiate non-passage of meconium between Hirschsprung disease and CF

Back 1495

in Hirschsrung there will be a narrowing of the aganglionic bowel segment because stool can't get there

Front 1496

projectile vomiting without bile in the 4th-6th week of life

Back 1496

hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Front 1497

what are the causative agents in pseudomonas for causing ecthyma gangrenosum in a burn patient

Back 1497

elastases: LasA and LasB

Front 1498

pyocyanin

Back 1498

blue pigment produced by pseudomonas. catalyzes production of oxygen radicals and stimulates IL-8 release, but not involved in formation of gangrene

Front 1499

6 year old child
constipation, colicky abdominal pain
headache, irritability
moderate to severe peripheral neuropathy
microcytic anemia with basophilic stippling
elevated free erythrocyte protoporphyrin

Back 1499

lead poisoning

Front 1500

parenteral lead chelater

Back 1500

edetate calcium disodium , or EDTA

CED for LED

Front 1501

ratio of pulmonary mucous gland depth to the total thickness of the bronchial wall

Back 1501

Reid index, which is increased in patients with chronic mucusy cough

Front 1502

Curschmann spirals

Back 1502

asthma patients
mucus casts of small airways

Front 1503

enlarged hilar lymph nodes

Back 1503

bronchogenic carcinoma or a granulomatous process
lymphoma

Front 1504

increased Reid index

Back 1504

chronic bronchitis

Front 1505

fibroblast growth factor receptor deficiency

Back 1505

achondroplasia

Front 1506

ineffectual osteoclastic activity

Back 1506

osteopetrosis

Front 1507

brain region where HSV encephalitis selectively causes volume loss

Back 1507

temporal and base of frontal lobes

Front 1508

koilocytes

Back 1508

condylom acuminatum

Front 1509

brisk reticulocytosis (increased young erythrocytes)
unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
splenomegaly

Back 1509

immune-mediated hemolysis

Front 1510

what do penicillin and quinidine cause?

Back 1510

immune-mediated hemolysis

Front 1511

what blood disorder does mycoplasma cause

Back 1511

immune mediated hemolysis

Front 1512

what usually gets injured along with the medial collateral ligament

Back 1512

medial meniscus

Front 1513

which is less prone to injury, medial or lateral meniscus?

Back 1513

lateral, because not attached to lateral collateral ligament

Front 1514

what do forced extension injuries at the knee injure?

Back 1514

patellar ligament

Front 1515

forced posterior displacement of the tibia will injure?

Back 1515

the posterior cruciate ligament

Front 1516

what is most vulnerable in a posterior dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint?

Back 1516

brachiocephalic vein
brachiocephalic trunk
left common carotid
trachea

Front 1517

what deficiency does chronic antibiotic use cause

Back 1517

vitamin k

Front 1518

vitamin C and K:

which affects bleeding time?
which affects PT, PTT?

Back 1518

C affects bleeding time
Vitamin C has normal PT.
PT and PTT increased in K

Front 1519

what volume does I-albumin enable the measuring of

Back 1519

plasma

Front 1520

what volume does inulin enable to be measured

Back 1520

extracellular fluid

Front 1521

how to measure interstitial fluid volume

Back 1521

extracellular (inulin indicates) - plasma volume (albumin enables)

Front 1522

antibiotic that causes severe cardiovascular collapse and gray baby

Back 1522

chloramphenicol
neonates don't have glucuronyl transferase that metabolizes chloramphenicol and the can't do adequate renal excretion

Front 1523

2 main side effects of chloramphenicol

Back 1523

gray baby
aplastic anemia

Front 1524

action of chloramphenicol

Back 1524

inhibits ribosomal peptidyl transferase

Front 1525

which antibiotic blocks initiation complex formation

Back 1525

linezolid used for vancomycin-resistant infections

Front 1526

which antibiotics cause misreading at translation initiation

Back 1526

aminoglycosides used for treating gram-negative rods

Front 1527

which antibiotics interfere with translation location

Back 1527

macrolides which are used for gram (+) cocci, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Legionella, Camylobacter

"they slide the location"

Front 1528

which drugs prevent binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to ribosomes

Back 1528

tetracyclines ("tetra tRNA")

used for chlamydia, mycoplasma, hpylori, rickettsia, brucella, vibrio, acne

Front 1529

port-wine stain

Back 1529

Sturge-Weber (StainWine), which is a phacomatosis.

Front 1530

Which diseases are phacomatoses

Back 1530

Neurofibromatosis
Von Hippel-Lindau
Tuberous sclerosis
Sturge Weber

Front 1531

port-wine stain
meningeal angiomatoses on ipsilateral hemisphere
focal or generalized seizures
mental retardation often

Back 1531

Sturge-Weber

Front 1532

acoustic neuromas

Back 1532

Neurofibromatosis II (two words)

Front 1533

Cerebellar hemangioblastomas

Back 1533

Von Hippel Lindau

LL in cerebeLLar and hippeLLindau

Front 1534

neurofibromas

Back 1534

Neurofibromatosis I (one word)

Front 1535

nevus flammeus

Back 1535

port-wine stain (Sturge-Weber)

Front 1536

granylocytosis with left shift

Back 1536

infection with extracellular bacteria (that require PMN, EOS, BASO, etc defence)

Front 1537

what's the special defense activated by EOS against parasites

Back 1537

ADCC, when they act in concert with antiparasitic antibodies

Front 1538

smudge cells

Back 1538

CLL

smudged crayon lacks lines

Front 1539

older men
signs and symptoms of immunosuppression and bone marrow failure
smudge cells

Back 1539

CLL

Front 1540

which laryngeal muscle is not innervated by the recurrent laryngeal

Back 1540

cricothyroid

Front 1541

which chromosome has the tumor suppressor gene active in NF2

Back 1541

22
(2lateral acoustic neuromas
NF2

Front 1542

t(2;8)

Back 1542

variant of Burkitts (kappa light chain and myc)

Front 1543

t(8;22)

Back 1543

myc and lambda light chain

Front 1544

trisomy that produced midline defects

Back 1544

13 (Patau)

Front 1545

brushfield spots on irises
laterally upward slanting eyes
simian creases

Back 1545

Trisomy 21

Front 1546

newborn
hypotonia and muscle/subcu fat hypoplasia
large vol of amniotic fluid
face pinched, hypoplastic orbital ridges, short palpebral fissures, small mouth and jaw
head small; occiput prominent
ears are low-set and malformed
baby's fists are clenched
overlapping of 3rd and 4th fingers
clubbed fee; short big toe

Back 1546

Trisomy 18
Edwards

Front 1547

how does cyanide poisoning kill

Back 1547

by poisoning oxidative phosphorylation

Front 1548

antibodies in Goodpasture

Back 1548

anti type IV collage

Front 1549

Anti-Sm antibodies

Back 1549

SLE

Front 1550

antiphospholipid antibodies

Back 1550

DVT
arterial occlusive events
repetitive fetal loss

Front 1551

Anti-self IgG

Back 1551

= rheumatoid factor
rheumatoid arthritis

Front 1552

anti-smooth muscle antibodies

Back 1552

autoimmune hepatitis

Front 1553

which is more associated with scleroderma: autoimmune hepatitis or primary biliary cirrhosis

Back 1553

primary biliary cirrhosis

Front 1554

what kind of hypersensitivity reaction is Goodpastures

Back 1554

Type II

Front 1555

hemoptysis and nephritis

Back 1555

Goodpastures

Front 1556

diarrhea
abdominal pain
flushing
elevated 5-HIAA

disease and rx?

Back 1556

carcinoid
octreotide

Front 1557

what's alosetron used for

Back 1557

diarrhea predominant IBS

Front 1558

what's domperiodone used for

Back 1558

D2 antagonis - prokinetic

Front 1559

what's dronabinol used for?

Back 1559

orrally active cannabinoid
antiemetic

Front 1560

what's famotidine

Back 1560

H2 antagonist
decreases gastric acid secretion

Front 1561

what's phentermine

Back 1561

amphetimine for appetite suppression

Front 1562

what's sulfasalazine

Back 1562

UC med

Front 1563

hypothyroidism
difficulty swalling
hoarseness secondary to laryngeal nerve paralysis
hard thyroid gland and adjacent tissues

Back 1563

Riedel thyroiditis
rare chronic (possibly autoimmune) thyroiditis
dense fibrosis
can mimic malignancy

Front 1564

masses of hyperplastic thyroid follicles

Back 1564

multinodular goiter

Front 1565

thyroiditis with multinucleated giant cells

Back 1565

deQuervain thyroiditis

Front 1566

thyroiditis that can cause local compression symtpoms

Back 1566

Riedel

Front 1567

birbeck granules

Back 1567

langerhans cell histiocytosis
(histiocytosis X)

Front 1568

elevated leukocyte alk phos

Back 1568

myeloid metaplasia

Front 1569

bence-jones proteins

Back 1569

multiple myeloma

Front 1570

pancytopenia
old man
splenomegaly

Back 1570

Hairy-cell leukemia (which is a B cell leukemia)
TRAP positive cells

Front 1571

ostium primum septal defect

Back 1571

Down syndrome

Front 1572

coarctation of aorta associated with which chromosomal abnormality

Back 1572

Turners

Front 1573

3 diseases associated with buboes

Back 1573

lymphogranuloma venereum
bubonic plague
chancroid

Front 1574

bug that causes lymphogranuloma venereum

Back 1574

chlamydia trachomatis

Front 1575

inheritance pattern of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy

Back 1575

mitochondrial and so matrilinear inheritance

Front 1576

acute or subacute vision loss, especially in young men

Back 1576

Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy

Front 1577

where is CCK secreted from

Back 1577

duodenum

Front 1578

what kind of cells release CCK

Back 1578

I cells in the duodenum and jejunum

Front 1579

what do D cells in pancreatic islets secrete

Back 1579

somatostatin

Front 1580

what does somatostatin do

Back 1580

inhibits gallbladder contraction and secretion of various enzymes and hormones

Front 1581

what do G cells in stomach and duodenum secrete

Back 1581

gastrin

Front 1582

what does gastrin do

Back 1582

stimulates secretion of gastric acid and pepsinogen

stimulates gastric motility

Front 1583

what do parietal cells in the stomach secrete

Back 1583

gastric acid

Front 1584

what do S cells in the duodenum secrete

Back 1584

secretin

Front 1585

what does secretin do

Back 1585

inhibits gastric acid secretion
stimulates pancreatic bicarb

Front 1586

effects of vWF disease (vWD)

Back 1586

impaired primary platelet adhesion
low Factor VII

Front 1587

defects in primary platelet aggregation

Back 1587

thrombasthenia, which is a defection in GpIIb-IIIa

Front 1588

type of collagen in cartilage

Back 1588

II

Front 1589

type of collagen in blood vessels
uterus
skin

Back 1589

IV

Front 1590

type of collagen in
skin
bone
tendons

Back 1590

I

Front 1591

what can loud rock music damage?

Back 1591

hair cells in the organ of corti

Front 1592

how does allergy shot desensitization work

Back 1592

stimulates TH1 cells which can produce IFN gamma to shut off TH2 cells which produce the cytokines for isotype swithing

Front 1593

key side effect of cyclosporine

Back 1593

nephrotoxicity by inhibiting IL1 and IL2 production, which inhibits T cell responsiveness

Front 1594

meds for hypertension in pregnancy

Back 1594

My Little Neonate
Methyldopa
Labetalol
Nifedipine

Front 1595

what kind of mechanism does strep pyo's pyrogenic exotoxin A B C use to produce extra virulence

Back 1595

lysogenic conversion

Front 1596

state of stable association of bacterial and viral DNA

Back 1596

lysogeny

Front 1597

what do the following have in common?
o antigen of Salmonella,
botulinum toxin
Erythrogenic exotoxin of strep pyo
diptheria toxin

Back 1597

lysogenic conversion

OBED

Front 1598

action of metoclopramide

Back 1598

prokinetic

Front 1599

first (threshold) symptom of aspirin intoxication

Back 1599

tinnitus

(gastric irritation and prolonged bleeding time can occur at therapeutic doses)

Front 1600

tinnitus
vomiting
vertigo
hyperventilation
metabolic acidosis

Back 1600

aspirin intoxication - salicylism

Front 1601

what's anastrozole used for

Back 1601

treating breast cancer
it's an estrogen antagonist

Front 1602

what's carustine used for?

Back 1602

brain tumors
myeloma
lymphomas

Front 1603

what can polycythemia vera and CML progress to

Back 1603

Myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis

Front 1604

What do MDS (myelodysplastic syndrome) and Myeloproliferative disorders produce?

Back 1604

MDS - cytopenia and acute leukemia
MD - polycythemia and chronic leukemia

Front 1605

what happens once polycythemia burns out the bone marrow

Back 1605

myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis

Front 1606

fluent word salad is associated with? (main disease and another symptom)

Back 1606

Wernicke's and right upper quadrantanopia because of optic radiation fibers in Wernicke's area

Front 1607

which are aware of their trouble: Broca's aphasics? Wernicke's aphasics?

Back 1607

Brocas

Front 1608

which have fluent language: Wernicke or Broca

Back 1608

Wernicke but it's salad

Front 1609

which gets right facial hemiparesis: Broca aphasic? Wernicke aphasic?

Back 1609

Broca's (because of proximity to motor strip)

Front 1610

what side is Wernicke's on?

Back 1610

left

Front 1611

how do you know if a relative risk is statistically significant?

Back 1611

if 1 does not fall in the interval
(increased risk if below 1; decreased risk if above 1)

Front 1612

how do you calculate relative risk?

Back 1612

incidence in exposed/unexposed

Front 1613

antidote for amphetamines

Back 1613

chlorpromazine or haldol for psychosis
ammonium chloride to acidify urine and hasten excretion

Front 1614

elevated hCG

Back 1614

germ-cell tumors of testis and ovary

Front 1615

B cell is latency site for?

Back 1615

EBV

Front 1616

DRG is latency site for?

Back 1616

VZV

Front 1617

macrophages are latency site for

Back 1617

CMV

Cuddling in the Macrophage

Front 1618

sacral ganglia are the latency site for

Back 1618

HSV2

Front 1619

trigeminal ganglia are the latency site for

Back 1619

HSV1

Front 1620

hyponatremia
decreased osmolality
increased urine osmolality
urine sodium > 20
euvolemia
normal thyroid and adrenal function

Back 1620

SIADH

Front 1621

what causes SIADH

Back 1621

agents that increase ADH production, such as TCAs, SSRIs, MAOIs, Ntineoplastics, neuroleptics and carbamazepine

Front 1622

classic bug for lobar pneumonia

Back 1622

strep peneumo

Front 1623

amoebathat gets in via the cribriform plate

Back 1623

Naegleria fowleri (Tx - amphotericin, rarely successful)

Nautical Naegleria smells fowl

Front 1624

amebic meningoencephalitis

Back 1624

naegleria fowleri

Front 1625

toxin that causes gas gangrene

Back 1625

alpha toxin of clostridium perfringens

GAlphaS GAlphangrene

Front 1626

what is alpha toxin made of

Back 1626

a lecithinase, phospholipid C

Front 1627

postive Nagler's reaction

Back 1627

for lecithinase
in alpha toxin
in C perfringens
it lyses lecithin in egg-yolk agar

Front 1628

foot muscles implicated in diabetic neuropathy and its clawing of the toes

Back 1628

lumbricals and interossei

Front 1629

six or more cafe-au-lait macules
2 or more neurofibromas
freckling in axillary or inguinal regions
optic glioma
2 or more lisch nodules (iris hamartomas)
sphenoid dysplasia or thinning of long bone ortex

Back 1629

NF1

Front 1630

bilateral masses of CNVIII
(acoustic neuromas)

Back 1630

NF2

Front 1631

what kind of diarrhea resolves by parenteral nutrition

Back 1631

osmotic

Front 1632

clawing of digits
pain in skin covering the hypothenar eminence

Back 1632

ulnar nerve lesion in a hook-o-hamate fracture

Front 1633

bone under the anatomic snuffbox

Back 1633

scaphoid

Front 1634

how to tell a fungal from a bacterial meningitis

Back 1634

very few cells

Front 1635

HLA associated with alopecia

Back 1635

DQ3

Alopecia alo3cia

Front 1636

what diuretic increases aldosterone secretion

Back 1636

furosemide because of baroreceptor mediated increase in sympathetic input to the renin-secreting granular cells

Front 1637

pelvic pain just before and during period

Back 1637

adenomyosis, which is caused by presence of endometrial glands within the myometrium of the uterus in addition to their normal location in the endometrium

Front 1638

antibiotics for travellers diarrhea

Back 1638

fluoroquinolones

when you go, use fluoro

Front 1639

drug for flareups of Crohns

Back 1639

prednisone

Front 1640

what's mesalamine used for

Back 1640

chronic UC

Front 1641

what is diphenoxylate with atropine used for?

Back 1641

anti-diarrheal

Front 1642

intoxication
nustagmus
reckless behavior
disorientation
detachment
lack of response to painful stimuli

Back 1642

PCP

Front 1643

blueberrry muffin baby

Back 1643

CMV

Cupcake from Mummy's Vagina

Front 1644

retinochoroiditis later in childhood

Back 1644

toxoplasmosis exposure in utero

Front 1645

dementia
cortical atrophy that spares primary motor and sensory areas

Back 1645

Alzheimers

Front 1646

Hirano bodies

Back 1646

Alzheimers

Front 1647

low platelets after a URI

Back 1647

ITP

Front 1648

L-myc

Back 1648

small cell carcinoma

Front 1649

anti-mongoloid slant to palpebral fissures

Back 1649

cri-du-chat on chromosome five

Front 1650

distorted laryngeal anatomy

Back 1650

cri-du-chat on chromosome 5

Front 1651

heart defect in cri-du-chat

Back 1651

VSD

VelineSeptalDefect

Front 1652

what transmits Wucheria bancrofti

Back 1652

mosquito

Front 1653

what do fleas transmit

Back 1653

yersinia pestis

Front 1654

muscle that holds the clavicle in place when it is fractured

Back 1654

subclavius protects underlying structures

Front 1655

most common trisomy in aborted fetuses

Back 1655

16

Front 1656

what kind of embryonal tissue is most affected in trisomy 13

Back 1656

mesoderm

Front 1657

which hormone is secreted from both the duodenum and antrum

Back 1657

gastrin

Front 1658

which hormones are secreted from the duodenum, jejunum and ileum

Back 1658

cck and secretin

Front 1659

which hormones are in the duodenum and jejunum

Back 1659

motilin and GIP

Front 1660

drug reaction featuring
profound nausea
vomiting
sweating
hyperventilation
tachycardia
vertigo

Back 1660

disulfiram-like reaction caused by metronidaazole interacting with alcohol

Front 1661

depigmented steely hair
arterial tortuosity and rupture
cerebral degeneration
osteoporosis
anemia

Back 1661

Menkes disease due to copper deficiency causing deficient cross linking of collagen

Front 1662

where does triple helix assembly happen

Back 1662

in the golgi

Front 1663

where does initial translation of mRNA encoding happen

Back 1663

free ribosomes

Front 1664

where does hydroxylation of proline and lysine amino acids and triple helix assembly happen

Back 1664

ER

Front 1665

where does final triple helix get assembled

Back 1665

golgi

Front 1666

what part of protein assembly happens extracellularly

Back 1666

cleavage of propeptides, etc.

Front 1667

tumor that has both neuronal and glial differentiation

Back 1667

medulloblastoma

Front 1668

what do you give for acute gout and what's the mechanism?

Back 1668

colchicine, which inhibits leukocyte migration and phagocytosis secondary to an effect on microtubule assembly

Front 1669

how does probenecid help with gout

Back 1669

inihibits reabsorption of uric acid and so increases excretion

Front 1670

why can you only use probenecid if you have low uric acid secretion on the kidney

Back 1670

because it could otherwise lead to uric acid stones in kidney

Front 1671

probenecid and antibiotics:

Back 1671

increases secrtion of other weak acids, and so increases half life of antibiotics

Front 1672

large segment deletion

Back 1672

alpha thalassemia

Front 1673

splice donor or acceptor mutations

Back 1673

beta thalassemias
gaucher's disease
tay sachs

Front 1674

triplet repeat expansion

Back 1674

huntington's - CAG repeats (on 4)
myotronic muscular dystrophy - dystrophin

Front 1675

white bubbles in some cells on a bone marrow biopsy (patient is an old man with many lytic lesions in vertebrae)

Back 1675

contain immunoglobulin (IgG) and are Russell bodies

Front 1676

Russell bodies

Back 1676

multiple myeloma

Front 1677

cream to put on a 2nd or 3rd degree burn (e.g., from spilling boiling water)

Back 1677

silver sulfadiazine cream

Front 1678

topical med for psoriasis and other inflammatory skin conditions

Back 1678

betamethasone cream

Front 1679

male with sporadic episodes of severe muscle weakness. Episodes occur after severe exercise and large meals rich in carboydrates.

Name of disorder and what's up/down in chemistries

Back 1679

hypokalemic periodic paralysis
AD
potassium is down (so treat with potassium)

Front 1680

how does phenylephrine affect the pupil

Back 1680

it's an alpha 1 agonist
it acts on radial dilator muscle of the iris to dilate the pupil

Front 1681

how does Ach act on the pupil

Back 1681

its a M3 agonist and acts on the pupillae sphincter muscle and causes pupillary constriction

Front 1682

how does Ach increase heart rate

Back 1682

via baroreceptor reflex.
it stimulates M3 receptors on blood vessels, releases NO, vasodilates and then the refelx kicks in.

Front 1683

miosis or mydriasis?
AcH

Back 1683

miosis

Front 1684

what's the difference between giving Ach before and after propranolol

Back 1684

before propranolol it causes reflex tachycardia

after propranolol it decreases the heart rate directly

Front 1685

placental alkaline phosphatase

Back 1685

seminoma

Front 1686

what has herniated in a meningomelocele

Back 1686

spinal cord

Front 1687

trip to Africa
scrotal inflammation
itching
localized scrotal swelling and tenderness

Back 1687

filarial parasite
demands an eiosinophil response

Front 1688

formula for maintenance dose

Back 1688

MD = clearance x steady state plasma concentration / bioavailability

Front 1689

side effects of cyclobenzaprine resemble those of

Back 1689

tricyclics
(i.e., muscarinic effects)

Front 1690

lung mass and electrolyte imbalance

Back 1690

SIADH

Front 1691

type of necrosis in an abscess

Back 1691

liquefactive

Front 1692

type of necrosis in TB or granulomatous disease

Back 1692

caseous

Front 1693

decrease in nuclear basophilia in context of degenerative change of nuclei

Back 1693

karyolysis, presumably becuase of DNAse activity

Front 1694

the only topoisomerase that can introduce negative supercoils into DNA

Back 1694

DNA gyrase

Front 1695

first line agent for anthrax prophylaxis

Back 1695

cipro

Front 1696

what do fluoroquinolones bind to

Back 1696

DNA gyrase (prokaryotic equivalent of topoisomerase II)

Front 1697

what doetoposide adn teniposide bind to

Back 1697

DNA topoisomerase II

Front 1698

granular complement and IgG at the dermal/epidermal junction

Back 1698

SLE

Front 1699

munro abscesses

Back 1699

psoriasis

Front 1700

solar elastosis

Back 1700

actinic keratoses

Front 1701

dilated superficial lymphatic channels

Back 1701

urticaria, wheals,

Front 1702

anti desmosome antibodies

Back 1702

pemphigus,
characterized by painful flaccid bullae or blisters that rupture easily on both the skin and oropharynx

Front 1703

pruritic skin rash with bulish gray spots

Back 1703

Koblik spots - measles

Front 1704

widespread blistering with pruritis but sparing oral mucosa

Back 1704

bullous pemphigoid

Front 1705

antibodies to hemidesmosomes

Back 1705

bullous pehmphigus

Front 1706

widespread, painful blisters on skin and oropharynx

Back 1706

pemphigus vulgaris

Front 1707

type of arthritis that can lead to quadriplegia

Back 1707

rheumatoid, via subluxation of atlantoaxial joint

Front 1708

serios complications of this disease include
AV block, bladder and bowel dysfunction
uveitis, pulmonary fibrosis
psoriasis, IBD

Back 1708

ankylosing spondylitis

Front 1709

small, round, blue-cell tumor

Back 1709

Ewing sarcoma

Front 1710

del (1p)

Back 1710

leiomyosarcoma

Front 1711

t(2;13)

Back 1711

alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma

Front 1712

cause of isotonic contraction

Back 1712

diarrhea

Front 1713

cause of hypertonic expansion

Back 1713

increased excessive NaCl without water suppomenetation

Front 1714

cause of hypertonic contraction

Back 1714

sweating without water replacement

Front 1715

hypotonic contraction

Back 1715

salt loss from body with water supplementation

Front 1716

hypotonic expansion caused by

Back 1716

retention of water by kidneys, as in SIADH

Front 1717

virus with a segmented genome (like influenza) and ability to do genetic shift

Back 1717

rotavirus, and generally
ROBA
Reoviridae
Orthomyxoviridae
Bunyaviridae
Arenaviridae

Front 1718

which resistant genes are most passed by Hfr donors to F-recipient cells

Back 1718

ones closes to the oriT

Front 1719

what kind of cells have conjugative plasmids

Back 1719

F+ bacteria

Front 1720

put the following glands in order in terms how how many mucous vs serous cells they have:
parotid
sublingual
submandibular

Back 1720

highest from the midline out ("Midline Mucous"), so:

sublingual
submandibular
parotid

Front 1721

complement factor that attracts WBCs

Back 1721

C5a

Front 1722

pancreatic calcifications predispose to

Back 1722

DM

Front 1723

heave

Back 1723

ventricular hypertrphy

Front 1724

left parasternal heave

Back 1724

RV hypertrophy

Front 1725

S3

Back 1725

rapid ventricular filling
mitral incompetence of CHF

Front 1726

weak peripheral pulse

Back 1726

aotric stenosis

Front 1727

diastolic murmur

Back 1727

mitral stenosis
aortic regurgitation

Front 1728

decreased S2

Back 1728

aortic stenosis

Front 1729

droopy lid and constricted, unresponsive pupil means damage in which nerve

Back 1729

III

Front 1730

impaired corneal blink reflex

Back 1730

V

Front 1731

inability to close the eye

Back 1731

VII (orbicularis oculi)

Front 1732

sexually active
fever (100.8)
mild tachycardia
diffuse, erythematous, maculopapular rash over most of body
generalized adenopathy
photophobia

Back 1732

secondary syphillis

Front 1733

FTA-ABS titer

Back 1733

titre that remains high after syphillis infection

Front 1734

needle-shaped crystals, blue when viewed perpendicular to polarizer, yellow when viewed parallel to it

Back 1734

monosodium urate crystals

Front 1735

crystals rhomboid
blue when viewed parallel
yellow when viewed perpendicular

Back 1735

caclium pyrophosphate crystals in pseudogout, which affects knee and large joints

Front 1736

MOA of mycophenolate mofetil

Back 1736

purine synthesis inhibitor

Front 1737

calcineurin inhibitors (thus inhibits IL-2 production)

Back 1737

tacrolimus
cyclosporine

Front 1738

inhibit IL-2

Back 1738

daclizumab
basiliximab

Front 1739

agitated
tremors
halllucinations

Back 1739

DT from alcohol withdrawal

Front 1740

anxiety
tremor
insomnia
seizures
arrhythmias
nasuea/vomiting
diarrhea

Back 1740

alcohol withdrawal

Front 1741

location of pyramidal decussation

Back 1741

caudal medulla

Front 1742

cystic artery is a branch of

Back 1742

right hepatic artery, usually

and the right hepatic is a branch of the common hepatic

Front 1743

ligament that the cystic artery is in, and other structures there

Back 1743

hepatoduodenal
proper hepatic artery and branches
common bile duct and branchesportal vein

Front 1744

what hormone suppresses LH secrtion

Back 1744

prolactin

Front 1745

what other neoplasm does Kaposi sarcoma look like

Back 1745

angiosarcoma

Front 1746

spindle cell neoplasm associated with AIDS

Back 1746

Kaposi sarcoma

Front 1747

extremely poorly differentiated stromal malignancy

Back 1747

MFH - malignant fibrous histiocytoma

Front 1748

HIV patient
brain atrophy
multifocal lymphohistiocytic infiltrates
numerous microglial nodules
scattered multinucleated giant cells

Back 1748

HIV encephalitis
(esp the MNGs)

Front 1749

immunocompromised host
tropism to vessel walls
damage to vessel walls
hemorrhagic infarcts in brain and elswhere

Back 1749

aspergillosis

Front 1750

AIDS patient
tropic for epithelial and ependymal cells
large purple intranuclear inclusions
granular cytoplasmic inclusions
perivascular cuffing
neuronophagia

Back 1750

CMV encephalitis

Front 1751

AIDS patient
basal surface of brain involved
tuberculoma
acid-fast bacillia

Back 1751

MAC

Front 1752

multinucleated giant cells in brain of AIDS patient

Back 1752

HIV encephalitis

Front 1753

endometrial d/o with highest possibility of leading to endometrial adenocarcinoma

Back 1753

complex hyperplasia with atypia

Front 1754

weakness in first and second lumbricals

Back 1754

median nerve lesion
luMbricals

Front 1755

muscle which, if strained, can cause a reflex contraction that is severe enough to avulse the lesser trochanter from the femur

Back 1755

psoas major

Major Avulsion!

Front 1756

tricuspid atresia in neonate

Back 1756

maternal lithium

Front 1757

what's niacin used for therapeutically

Back 1757

pellagra
adjuvant therapy for hyperlipidemia

Front 1758

what's pamidronate given for?

Back 1758

hypercalcemia

Front 1759

what do you give for hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia

Back 1759

vitamin D or calcium supplementation

Front 1760

why do leukemia patients get uric acid kidney stones

Back 1760

purine breakdown during periods of active cell proliferation, especially following treatment.

Give vigorous hydration and diuresis

Front 1761

pigment gallstones

Back 1761

hemolytic disease

Front 1762

cholesterol gallstones

Back 1762

DM
obesity
pregnancy
birth control pills
celiac

Front 1763

cystine kidney stones

Back 1763

rare - cystinuria

Front 1764

struvite kidney stones

Back 1764

urea-splitting organisms like proteus

Front 1765

medication to increase appetite

Back 1765

megestrol acetate

Mega Appetite!

Front 1766

given for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, but can cause it at high doses

Back 1766

digoxin

Front 1767

what causes pulmonary edema in burn victims

Back 1767

microvascular permeability

Front 1768

STD associated with PAN

Back 1768

hep B

Front 1769

appetite
nasuea
vomiting
fatigue
unprotected sex
icteris
decreased liver function

Back 1769

PAN

Front 1770

coronary artery aneurysms

Back 1770

kawasaki disease in children

Front 1771

recurrent syncope in a young athlete

Back 1771

IHSS (idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis)

Front 1772

fibrillin

Back 1772

Marfan's

Front 1773

marfan's defect

Back 1773

fibrillin gene, for fibrillin which scaffolds the deposition of elastin and elastic fibers

Front 1774

protein defective in osteogenesis imperfecta

Back 1774

collagen

Front 1775

mutations in gene for myosin beta chain

Back 1775

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Front 1776

Fibrillin

Back 1776

MarFan

Front 1777

arteriosclerosis with calcifications

Back 1777

monCkeberg

Front 1778

cause of nutmeg liver

Back 1778

chronic congestive heart failure NOT right sided heart failure

Front 1779

hepatomegaly
cardiomegaly
cardiomyopathy
1 year old
severe hypotonia
progressive dyspnea and fatige while eating

Back 1779

Pompe disease
deficiency in lysosomal alpha glycosidase enzyme

relative prominence of skeletal and cardiac muscle weakness

Front 1780

severe hypoglycemia
lactic acidosis
hepatomegaly
renomegaly
hyperlipidemia
hyperuricemia

Back 1780

Von Gierke

Front 1781

hypotonia
chirrhosis
early death by age 2

Back 1781

Anderson
branching enzyme deficiency

Front 1782

muscle cramps and weaknes on exercise

Back 1782

McArdles disease
myophosphorylase deficiency

Front 1783

retarded 4 year old
bilateral visual difficulties
bilateral lens dislocations
other stigmata of Marfans

Back 1783

homocystinuria
cystathionine synthase deficiency
methoinine builds up because homocysteine is salvaged and made into more methionine

Front 1784

tyrosine metabolism abnormalities

Back 1784

tyrosinemia
albinism
alkaptonuria

Front 1785

muscle weakness beginning in second or third decade

Back 1785

McArdles disease
glycogen phosphorylase is deficient

Front 1786

neonatal hypoglycemia w/ possible convulsions
hyperlipidemia
lactic acidosis
ketosis

Back 1786

Von Gierke
AR

Front 1787

alpha L iduronidase

Back 1787

Hurler

Front 1788

hepatosplenomegaly
dwarfism
skeletal abnormalities
mental retardatioin
corneal clouding

Back 1788

Hurler
alpha-L-iduronidase

Front 1789

hepatosplenomegaly
glucocerebroside accumulation in phagocytes

Back 1789

Gaucher
beta-clucocerebrosidase defiiency

Front 1790

poor balance
difficulty with night vision
foul smelling stools
failure to thrive as an infant
ataxia, poor muscle coordination
low total cholesterol and vitamin E

Back 1790

abetalipoproteinemia
no ApoB

mutation in MTP (microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, which packages hepatic triclycerides into VLDL)

Front 1791

decreased bile acid synthesis
vitamin E deficiency
increase in plasma cholesterol

Back 1791

7-alphahydroxylase deficiency

Front 1792

enzyme deficiencies leading to hemolytic anemia

Back 1792

G6PD
pyruvate kinase

Front 1793

Child from Se Asia
severe retardation
pale
pot-bellied
puffy face
enlarged tongue

Back 1793

cretinism
lack of thyroid hormone

Front 1794

perifollicular hemorrhages
fragmentation of hairs
purpura
ecchymoses
splinter hemorrhages
hemorrhages into muscle

Back 1794

scurby

Front 1795

Wernicke neuropathy
Korsakoff psychosis
CHF

Back 1795

B1, thiamine deficiency

Front 1796

microcytic sideroblastic anemia

Back 1796

B6 deficiency

Front 1797

megaloblastic anemia
peripheral/progressive neuropathy

Back 1797

B12 deficiency

Front 1798

can a woman with PKU have children

Back 1798

not if her phenylalanine is elevated

Front 1799

fasting hypoglycemia
hypoketonemia
muscle weakness only in caloric deprivation
carnitine esters elevated

Back 1799

LCAD deficiency
(Long chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase, enzyme for first step of beta-oxidation of fatty acids)

Front 1800

cardiomyopathy
valvular defects
potential occlusion fo coronary arteries

Back 1800

Hurler
results from accumulations of heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate

Front 1801

child
increasing irritability
poor attention span
lethargy, anorexia,
vague abdominal pain, constipation
hyporeflexia, somnolent

which enzyme is compromised?

Back 1801

lead poisoning
(inhibition of aminolevulinate dehydratase)

Front 1802

curruloplasmin

Back 1802

catalizes oxidate of Fe++ to Fe+++

Front 1803

episodic
anxiety, confusion, paranoia
acute abdominal pain
no photosensitivity
port-wine urine

Back 1803

Acute intermittent porpyria

Front 1804

photosensitive porphyria

Back 1804

congenital erythropoietic
cutanea tarda

Front 1805

anesthetic that classically causes hepatic failure

Back 1805

"halothane hepatitis"

Front 1806

what kind of toxicity to aminoglycoside antibiotics cause

Back 1806

nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity

Front 1807

what is ketorolac

Back 1807

an NSAID

Front 1808

sella turcica tumor with tissue resembling tooth enamel

Back 1808

craniopharyngioma

benign tumors of epithelial cells derived from Rathke's pouch

Front 1809

what does Rathke's pouch lead to

Back 1809

anterior pituitary and teeth

Front 1810

diabetes insipidus cause

Back 1810

low ADH from pituitary

Front 1811

sphingomyelinase

Back 1811

Niemann-Pick

Front 1812

phosphotranserase activity in the Golgi

Back 1812

I-cell

Front 1813

parasite associated with pigment gallstones

Back 1813

clonorchis sinensis, or oriental liver fluke

Front 1814

lung parasite that can cause cough, bronchiectasis and hemoptysis

Back 1814

paragonimus westermani

Front 1815

abnormal-appearing depression below the acromion

Back 1815

dislocated shoulder joint

Front 1816

bend in the upper arm

Back 1816

fracture of the mid-shaft of the humerus

Front 1817

saphenous vein passes through this structure just before joining the femoral vein

Back 1817

fossa ovalis

Front 1818

diastolic rumble

Back 1818

mitral valve stenosis

Front 1819

fundic gastritis

Back 1819

pernicious anemia, and so increased production of macrocytic RBCs

Front 1820

fundus with thickened rugal folds

Back 1820

fundic gastritis (type A) due to autoimmune destruction of parietal cels and/or intrinsic factor this leads to vitamin B12 deficiency which leads to pernicious anemia

Front 1821

IgA is most important for pathogens that...

Back 1821

never penetrate mucosal barriers, like giardia that stays in the intestinal lumen

Front 1822

which is the only hormone that decreases gastric emptying at physiological doses

Back 1822

CCK

Front 1823

useful hormone for testing for Zolllinger-Ellison

Back 1823

secretin, becaue it will inhibit antral gastrin but stimulate gastrin secrtion in ES patients

Front 1824

ulcerative, painful genital lesion

Back 1824

hemophilus ducreyi

Front 1825

bottle fed, low birth weight newborn that develops severe abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea in the first week of life

Back 1825

transmural necrosis due to necrotizing enterocolitis

Front 1826

seizure that resembles fainting

Back 1826

atonic

Front 1827

what's serum gamma-glutamy transpeptidaase used for

Back 1827

test for recent alcohol abuse

Front 1828

difference between borderline mucinous tumor (of ovary) and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

Back 1828

stromal invasion

Front 1829

ovarian tumor with papillary projections vs one with an orderly single layer of epithelial cells

Back 1829

mucinous cystadeno(carcino)ma
vs serous cystadeno(carcino)ma

Front 1830

failure of the lateral palatine process to fuse with the median palatine process

Back 1830

primary cleft palate

Front 1831

failure of right and left medial nasal prominences to merge

Back 1831

median cleft lip (rare) with absence of filtrum

Front 1832

failure of right and left palatine processes to fuse

Back 1832

secondary cleft palate

Front 1833

failure of maxillary prominence to merge with the merged medial nasal prominences

Back 1833

cleft lip (this one can be unilateral)

Front 1834

brain tumor with areas of necrosis surrounded by rows of neoplastic cells (psudopalisading necrosis)

Back 1834

GBM

Front 1835

muscles that can take over for biceps if its tendon snaps (as it often does in the elderly)

Back 1835

bracialis and brachioradialis

Front 1836

amyloid in the heart in the absence of long standing inflammatory disease

Back 1836

transthyretin

Front 1837

beta-2 microglobin amyloid

Back 1837

long term hemodialysis

Front 1838

amyloid light chain

Back 1838

primary amyloidosis - deposition in heart, kidney

Front 1839

cyst adjacent to pancreas in an alcoholic

Back 1839

pancreatic psudocyst due to pancreatitis-- risk of hemorrhage since they contain pancreatic juices (exocrine, not endocrine) and lysed blood.

liquefaction necrosis that is actually called fat necrosis

Front 1840

young athlete falls, trauma to upper arm, over a few weeks, it hardens to a painless, demarcated mas

Back 1840

myositis ossificans

Front 1841

upper arm

flocculent radiodensities surrounding a radiolucent center 3 weeks after an injury

Back 1841

myositis ossificans

Front 1842

what type of allergy producing category is celecoxib a part of

Back 1842

sulfa crugs

Front 1843

syndrome in which reentry tachycardias make direct connections between atria and ventricle through Kent bundles

Back 1843

Wolff-Parkinson-White

Front 1844

drug that patients with Wolff Parkinson White patietns and a fib should avoid

Back 1844

digoxin, because it can enhance transmission through accessory pathways resulting in an extremely rapid ventricular rate and even v fib

Front 1845

what can digoxin dangerously enhance

Back 1845

reentrant tachycardias

Front 1846

weakness, headaches
depression, irritability
scleral icterus
small, firm liver
tremor like bird flapping wings

Back 1846

Wilson disease

Front 1847

slit-lamp examination of eyes

Back 1847

looking for Kayser Fleischer rings in Descemets membrane in the cornea, to check for wilson's disease

Front 1848

purpose of prussian blue stain of liver

Back 1848

hemochromatosis diagnosis

Front 1849

ATP7B gene on Chromosome 13

Back 1849

wilson's disease

Front 1850

biological purpose of Copper

Back 1850

oxidases

Front 1851

muscle that dorsiflexes foot

Back 1851

tibialis anterior (innervated by deep peroneal)

Front 1852

C reactive protein (CRP)
serum amyloid A (SAA)
serum amyloid P (SAP)
all in context of an infection

Back 1852

inflammatory response of some kind

Front 1853

ASO

Back 1853

autoimmune process developing ofter strep - rheumatic fever

Front 1854

antidepressant causing priapism

Back 1854

trazodone

Front 1855

elevated EPO

Back 1855

5 tumor types produce this, including
H - hepatocellular carcionoma
R - renal cell carcinoma
A - hemagioblastoma
P - pheochromocytoma
U -uterine myomata

Front 1856

polycythemia with elevated EPO

Back 1856

secondary polycythemia: primary will be a tumor

Front 1857

polycythemia with low EPO

Back 1857

polycythemia vera

LO EPO VERA

Front 1858

reactive polycythemia

Back 1858

suggests history of smoking
tissue hypoxia, as in COPD

Front 1859

CD marker on Reed Sternberg

Back 1859

CD 30 and 15

Front 1860

CD 43

Back 1860

T ells, granulocytes and plasma cells

Front 1861

markedly elevated hematocrit

Back 1861

Budd-Chiari

(it can lead to Budd Chiari in which thrombosis obstructs venous outflow of liver)

Front 1862

PiZZ allele

Back 1862

mutated form of alpha-1-antitrypsin

Front 1863

prolonged PT

Back 1863

liver failure

Front 1864

stimulated by excess acid in duodenum

Back 1864

secretin

Front 1865

site of gastrinomas

Back 1865

pancreas

Front 1866

site of somatostatin secretion

Back 1866

D cells in gastric epithelium

Front 1867

what stimulates somatostatin secretion

Back 1867

low gastric pH, so that it will then inhibit gastrin secretion

Front 1868

chinese food
rapid onset vomiting

Back 1868

rice and bacillus cereus

Front 1869

rapid onset vomiting

Back 1869

Barf Comes Soon After

bacillus cereus (rice)

staph aureus (salty foods like potato salad)

Front 1870

poultry

Back 1870

ChickenS
campylobacter and salmonella

Front 1871

cream/milk induced trouble

Back 1871

Bovine Liquid

Brucella
Listeria

Front 1872

marked increase in circulating neutrophils and metamyelocytes

Back 1872

CML

Front 1873

increased lymphocyte count (no infection)

Back 1873

CLL

Front 1874

pancytopenia

Back 1874

MDS (myelodysplastic syndromes

Front 1875

imatinib

Back 1875

CML

Front 1876

neutrophils with decreased LAP

Back 1876

CML (vs in classic inflammatory response)

LAP is in PhiLAdeLPhiA

Front 1877

increased RBCs

Back 1877

polycythemia vera

Front 1878

increased platelets

Back 1878

essential thrombocythemia

Front 1879

joint spae with leukoyctosis composed of plasma cells, lymphocytes and macrophages with no crystals or bacteria

Back 1879

RA

Front 1880

post accident
helmet-shaped RBCs
schistocytes
decreased platelets

Back 1880

DIC

If no accident, differentia is
DIC
HUS
TTP
trauma from mechanical heart valves

Front 1881

histological indicator of functional asplenia

Back 1881

Howell-Jolly bodies

Front 1882

cubital fossa contents from lateral to medial

Back 1882

TAM
tendon of biceps brachii
brachial Artery
Median Nerve

Front 1883

Hep B predisposes you to

Back 1883

cirrhosis

Front 1884

hypertension and cystic medial necrosis predispose for

Back 1884

cirrhosis

Front 1885

pneumonia and trauma presidpose for

Back 1885

pleuritis

Front 1886

alcohol and gallstones predispose for

Back 1886

acute pancreatitis

Front 1887

low hemoglobin, RBC count, MCV
low plasma iron and ferritin
high transferrin

Back 1887

microcytic anemia due to iron deficiency

Front 1888

if iron is low, what are ferritin and transferrin levels

Back 1888

low ferritin (it ferrits iron away, i.e., stores it)

high transferrin (it wants to ferry iron around)

Front 1889

most common cause of aplastic anemia

Back 1889

drugs, e.g., chloramphenicol

Front 1890

iron levels in anemia of chronic disease

Back 1890

stores are higher in marrow and ferritin

the problem is that iron isn't utilized

Front 1891

contraction alkalosis

Back 1891

after giving diuretics for ascites

water lost has very little bicarb and so relative levels of bicarb in blood rise

Front 1892

nerve anterior to the cupracondylar region of the humerus

Back 1892

median

Front 1893

median nerve paralysis at elbow

Back 1893

paralysis of flexor carpi radialis
lack of wrist flexion by the median
wrist flexion by ulnar still works
ulnar deviation

Front 1894

interosseous muscle innervation and action

Back 1894

all by ulnar
abduction and adduction of digits

interALLseous: ALL ulnar ALL duction

Front 1895

radial deviation of hand
ulnar deviation of hand

Back 1895

paralysis of the other nerve

Front 1896

subracondylar fracture of the humerous

Back 1896

not huMerous for the Median, in this Middle part of the arm

Front 1897

lumbricals

Back 1897

lUMbricals innervated by U and M

Flex digits: they flex like a lumber jack flexes his muscles

1-2 innervted by median
2-4 innervated by ulnar

Front 1898

joint injury followed by, a few days later,
swelling
redness
limitation of motion

Back 1898

septic arthritis

Front 1899

landmark for pudendal nerve block

Back 1899

ischial spine

Front 1900

antimicrobial drugs that potentiate warfarin

Back 1900

ketoconazole (antifungal)
erythromycin
clarithromycin
protease inhibitors

Front 1901

macrolide that does not inhibit p450

Back 1901

azithromycine

Front 1902

lithium afffects function of which system in the body

Back 1902

THyroid (liTHium)
lowers hormone levels
increases TSH
can be treated with levothyroxine

Front 1903

how lithium is metabolized

Back 1903

almost entirely by kidneys

Front 1904

what to monitor in a patient taking valproate

Back 1904

vaLproate

Liver
pLateLets

Front 1905

cystic form of mature teratome usually found in ovaries

Back 1905

dermoid cyst

Front 1906

painles distention fo the gallbladder with jaundice

Back 1906

pancreatic cancer

Front 1907

pain and elevated amylase and lipase without jaundice

Back 1907

acute pancreatitis
or
small gallstones that become impacted into the ampulla of Vater

Front 1908

steatorrhea and signs of malabsorption

Back 1908

pancreatic insufficiency, e.g., from CF

Front 1909

antibody with a valence of 4

Back 1909

IgA

Front 1910

antibody with a valence of 10

Back 1910

IgM

Front 1911

antibody with two epsilon chains

Back 1911

IgE

Front 1912

antibody with shortest halflife

Back 1912

IgD

Front 1913

antibody with opsonic activity

Back 1913

IgG
(it binds to Fc receptors on phagocytic cells to enhance speed of phagocytosis)

Front 1914

site of ACTION (vs result) of penicillin

Back 1914

penicillin binding proteins found (along with lipids) in the cytoplasmic membrane

Front 1915

tall peaked Ts

Back 1915

hyperkalemia

Front 1916

drug that can produce life threatining hyperkalemia

Back 1916

succinylcholine

Front 1917

what anesthetic should be avoided in burn patients

Back 1917

succinylcholine

Having a burn sucks so don't take more succs

Front 1918

man in Oklahoma butchers a deer (or for that matter a squirrel, beaver, muskrats, deer, etc)

Back 1918

tularemia

Front 1919

general lymphadenopathy after killing an animal in Arkansas

Back 1919

tularemia

Front 1920

granulomas - what kind of hypersensitivity

Back 1920

IV

the grandest kind

Front 1921

arthrus - what kind of hypersensitivity

Back 1921

III

=deposition of immune complexes in vascular walls, serosa, glomeruli

Front 1922

autoimmune hypersensitivity is what type?

Back 1922

II
funny because even if it's auto it takes II to tangle

Front 1923

tularemia: intra or extracellular pathogen?

Back 1923

intra

Front 1924

anti ACh antibodies

Back 1924

MG

Front 1925

what kind of hypersensitivity is Goodpasture

Back 1925

II (autoantibodies)

Front 1926

anti-IgG antibodies are seen in RA. What kind of a hypersensitivity disease is this?

Back 1926

III

Front 1927

nerve in upper part of greater sciatic foramen

Back 1927

superior gluteal, above piriformis
and inferior gluteal, pudendal and sciatic are below piriformis

Front 1928

how does obturator get to the leg

Back 1928

obturator foramen

Outside the Sciatic foramen

Front 1929

what does INR measure?
PT?
aPTT?

Back 1929

INR and PT monitor Warfarin and the extrinsic pathway

aPTT does intrinsic and common pathway

Front 1930

at what phase on the bacterial growth curve do spores multiply

Back 1930

stationary phase, plateau at the top

Front 1931

type of cardiac Rx that can delay the progression of HF because it prevents ventricular remodelling

Back 1931

ACEi e.g., captopril

Front 1932

role of verapamil in treating CHF

Back 1932

NONE! too strong a negative inotropic effect

Front 1933

tumor-like submucosal nodules on the tongue

Back 1933

amyloidosis

Front 1934

med used for UTIs and travellers diarrhea

Back 1934

quinolones

Front 1935

antibiotics that inhibit folate synthesis

Back 1935

trimethoprim
sulfonamides

Front 1936

sulfonamides (that don't have sulf in their name)

Back 1936

acetazolamide
bemetanide
chlor

Front 1937

antibiotics that bind the 30S unti

Back 1937

Tetracycline (Thritycycline)

Front 1938

antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis by preventing initiation complex formation and causing misreading mRNA

Back 1938

aminoglycosides

Front 1939

what are
gentamicin
neomycin
streptomycin
tobramycin

Back 1939

aminoglycosides

Front 1940

what are
erythromycin
clarithromycin
azithromycin

Back 1940

macrolides

Front 1941

what is vancomycin

Back 1941

glycopeptide antibiotic

Front 1942

antibiotics that prevent synthesis of mycolic acids

Back 1942

isoniazid

Front 1943

whati's doxepin used for

Back 1943

eczematous dermatitis

Front 1944

what's foscarnet used for

Back 1944

CMV infection in immunosuppressed

Front 1945

what's the use of the Oka strain

Back 1945

live attenuated vaccine for VZV

Front 1946

what aids protein folding in the RER

Back 1946

chaperone proteins like calreticulin

Front 1947

calreticulin

Back 1947

chaperone protein that aids in protein folding in the RER

Front 1948

where does the SRP sends proteins

Back 1948

to the RER

Front 1949

where does the mannose--phosphate signal send proteins

Back 1949

lysosome

Front 1950

Pickwickian syndrome

Back 1950

obese, somnolent, with sleep apnea
respiratory acidosis

Front 1951

S3

Back 1951

increased volume of blood in a failing left ventricle

Front 1952

S4

Back 1952

blood beig forced into a stiff/hypertrophic ventricle

restrictive cardiomyopathy

Front 1953

effect of FFAs on insulin resistance

Back 1953

increases it

Front 1954

lipotoxicity

Back 1954

tendency of FFAs to increase insulin resistance

Front 1955

8 year old
recurrent pulmonary infections
narrow-based gait
poor prprioception
telangiectasias

Back 1955

ataxia telangiectiasi

Front 1956

cause of ataxia telangiectasia

Back 1956

DNA break repair malfunction

Front 1957

what medical tx can you not give to patients with ataxia telangiectasia

Back 1957

xray because of ineffective DNA break repair

Front 1958

site in airway that HPV can attack- and why

Back 1958

true vocal cords -- because they are the only thing with stratified squamous epithelia

Front 1959

type of cell junction that is the basis for the BBB

Back 1959

tight junctions

or zonula occludens

Front 1960

epigastric pain
fullness after meals
bilious vomiting
SMA emerges at a sharp angle from aort

Back 1960

SMA syndrme - transverse portion of duodenum is entrapped between SMA and aorta, causing symptoms of parital intestinal obstruction. happens when there's a sundden change in the angel, as in a crash diet

Front 1961

somatostatin's roles

Back 1961

inhibits GH production from anterior pituitary (this somatostatin is from teh HT)

Pancreatic somatostatin (delta cells0 decreases secretin, CCK, glucagon, insulin and gastrin

Front 1962

Rb associated cancers

Back 1962

retinoblastoma
osteosarcoa

Front 1963

what kind of hypersensitivity is poison ivy

Back 1963

IV -- and so t lymphocyte mediated

Front 1964

meds to treat extrapyramidal side effects from antipsychotics

Back 1964

benztropine
trihexyphenidyl

Front 1965

amebic colitis

Back 1965

entamoeba histolica

Front 1966

pseudomembranous colitis

Back 1966

clostridium difficile

Front 1967

arthritis type that can be associated with sjogrens

Back 1967

RA

Front 1968

proliferative synovitis with many lumphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells

Back 1968

RA

Front 1969

non proliferative synovitis with many neutrophils and gram-negative diplococci

Back 1969

gonococcal arthritis

Front 1970

ovaries with fibrous stroma arranged in whorls

Back 1970

streak ovaries of Turners

Front 1971

hepatitis associated with PAN

Back 1971

B
30% of PAN patients have hep B antigen

Front 1972

Hep that has an association with essential mixed cryoblobulinemia (glomerulohephritis, arthralgias, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, vasculitis)

Back 1972

C

Front 1973

hep that requires coinfection with B

Back 1973

D

Front 1974

nerves from posterior cord

Back 1974

axillary and radial

Front 1975

innervation of palmaris longus

Back 1975

median

Front 1976

innvervation of flexor digitorum superficialis

Back 1976

median

Front 1977

innervation of flexor pollicis brevis

Back 1977

median

Front 1978

innervation of palmaris longus

Back 1978

median

Front 1979

mesentery that holds the splenic arteryand vein

Back 1979

splenorenal ligament

Front 1980

what kind of organisms do you have to be really careful of in asplenic patients

Back 1980

ones with capsules

Front 1981

T4 and TSH normal, but T3 low

Back 1981

low T3 syndrome (euthyroid sick syndrome)
- occurs as a protective response, with illnesses like pneumonia or septicemia, after major surgery, with malnutrition or starvation

accompanied by:
- decrease in 5'monodeiodinase activity

Front 1982

cerebellar angiomas

Back 1982

von Hippel-Lindau

Front 1983

leptomeningeal angiomatosis

Back 1983

Sturge-Weber

Front 1984

nevus flammeus

Back 1984

Sturge Weber

Front 1985

retinal angiomatosis

Back 1985

von Hippel-Lindau

Front 1986

adenoma sebaceum

Back 1986

tuberous sclerosis

Front 1987

pancreatic cysts

Back 1987

tuberous sclerosis

Front 1988

renal angiomyolipomas

Back 1988

tuberous sclerosis

Front 1989

cardiac rhabdomyomas

Back 1989

tuberous sclerosis

Front 1990

tuberous sclerosis abnormalitis

Back 1990

hamartomas in brain
adenoma sebaceum
pancreatic cysts
renal aangiomyolipomas
cardiac rhabdomyoma
hypopigmented skin lesions (ash leaf spots)

Front 1991

a phacomatosis

Back 1991

tuberous sclerosis

Front 1992

pork not fully cooked (i.e., raw sausage)

Back 1992

trichinosis

Front 1993

test for trichinosis

Back 1993

muscle biopsy

Front 1994

scotch tape test

Back 1994

enterobius

Front 1995

exposure to cats or poorly cooked pork
cervical lymphadenopathy
lymphocytosis

Back 1995

toxoplasma gondii

Front 1996

toxoplasma gondi in utero

Back 1996

bad CNS damage, e.g., necrotiing encephalitis

Front 1997

fetal infection with B19

Back 1997

hydrops fetalis, because it infects imature RCs

Front 1998

mother had infection
baby has patent ductus areteriosus

Back 1998

rubella

Front 1999

mother had infection
baby has pulmonary stenosis

Back 1999

rubella

Front 2000

toxoplasma infection in mother at 3 months

Back 2000

baby has CNS damage, like necrotizing encephalitis

Front 2001

toxoplasma infection in mother in last 2/3 of pregnancy

Back 2001

retinochoroiditis
(which may not manifest until 20 or 30 years later)

Front 2002

acetylcysteine

Back 2002

tylenol overdose

Front 2003

bicarb as antidote

Back 2003

aspirin induced acidosis to alkalinize urine

Front 2004

deferoxamine

Back 2004

iron chelator

Front 2005

physostigmine as antidote

Back 2005

anticholinergic overdose

Front 2006

flumenazil as antidote

Back 2006

benzo overdose

Front 2007

dimercaprol as antidote

Back 2007

arsenic
gold
mercury
lead

Front 2008

glucagon as antidote

Back 2008

beta blockers

Front 2009

naloxone as antidoe

Back 2009

opioids

Front 2010

methylene blue as antidote

Back 2010

cyanide

Front 2011

penicillamine as antidote

Back 2011

copper

Front 2012

phytonadione as antidote

Back 2012

warfarin

Front 2013

N-myc

Back 2013

neuroblastoma
neural crest cells

Front 2014

L-myc

Back 2014

SCLC

Front 2015

ret

Back 2015

MEN II and III(IIb)

Front 2016

hydrothorax
ascites
ovarian tumor

Back 2016

Meigs syndrome

tumor is often a fibroma

Front 2017

what makes children vulnerable to thyroid trouble due to radiation poisoning

preventive measure?

Back 2017

iodide pump

prophylaxis with KI

Front 2018

kind of bilirubin that can't be filtered by glomerulus

Back 2018

unconjugated, because water-insoluble

Front 2019

severe diarrhea in AIDS patient with 5-10 litres per day of fluid losses

Back 2019

crypto

Front 2020

protozoan that infects brush border of small intestine

Back 2020

crypto

Front 2021

toxins that inactive 60S ribosomal subunit

Back 2021

shiga toxin
verotoxin of E coli

Front 2022

toxin that ribosylates Gs

Back 2022

enterotoxigenic E coli

Front 2023

acid fast fecal oocysts in AIDS

Back 2023

crypto

Front 2024

low protein. Transudate or exudate?

Back 2024

transudate

Front 2025

cause of transudate

Back 2025

increased hydrostatic pressure
reduced plasma osmotic pressure
sodium retention

Front 2026

cause of exudate

Back 2026

inflammation
lymphatic obstruction

Front 2027

kind of edema in liver cirrhosis

Back 2027

transudate due to
increased hydrostatic
decreased plasma oncotic

Front 2028

kind of edema from peritonitis

Back 2028

exudate

Front 2029

DMARDS
(disease-modifying antirheumatic drug)

Back 2029

methotrexate
azathioprine
penicillamine
hydroxychloroquine
chloroquine
organic gold compoundssufasalazine

Front 2030

what does prednisone do to calcium levels

Back 2030

hypo

Front 2031

thalassemia and intracardiac deposition

Back 2031

hemosiderin in beta thalassemia major, which demands transfusions and those transfusions lead to iron overloid

Front 2032

elevation of galactitol

Back 2032

galactosemia

because excess galactose is metabolized to galactitol in the lenss by aldse reductase

Front 2033

elevation of glucocerebroside

Back 2033

Gaucher's disease

accumulates in inclusion bodies

Front 2034

elevation of monosodium urate

Back 2034

Lesch Nyhan
HGPRT enzyme fails
puprines get converted to uric acid and monosodium urate accumulates

Front 2035

elevation of orotic acid

Back 2035

orotic aciduria
pyrimidine synthesis pathway
severe megaloblastic anemia

Front 2036

mental retardation
spastic cerebral palsy
compulsive biting of hands and lips
hyperuricemia
gouty arthritis, urate nephropathy
death in first decade, usually

Back 2036

Lesch Nyhan

Front 2037

at what point does a rate of a reaction vary in proportion to changes in enzyme concentration and not in substrate concentration

Back 2037

vmax

Front 2038

rate limiting enzyme of glycolysis

Back 2038

phosphofruktokinase

Front 2039

transketolase activity is a marker for?

Back 2039

thiamine deficiency
it's markedly decreased in disorders like Wernicke-Korsakoff

Front 2040

amino acids found in the abnormal proteins of osteogenesis imperfecta

Back 2040

glycine and proline, because they are key in collagen

Front 2041

abnormalities associated with phenylalanine and tyrosine

Back 2041

phenylketonuria
albinism
certinism
tyrosinosis
alkaptonuria

Front 2042

endocardial fibroelastosis in neonate

Back 2042

mumps in mother

Front 2043

neonate with:
keratoconjuctivities
penumonitis
hepaatitis
DIC
exanthem, encephalitis

Back 2043

mother had herpes simplex

Front 2044

patent ductus arteriorus in baby

Back 2044

mother had rubella

Front 2045

neonate with
incomplete organogenesis of CNS resulting in mental retardation, microcephaly, deafness

Back 2045

CMV in mother

Front 2046

neonate:
maculopapular desquamative rash
hepatomegaly
neurosyphillis
involvement of teeth, bone and eye

Back 2046

syphilis in mother

Front 2047

loss of sensation in fingertips
granuloma formation from acid-fast bacili

Back 2047

lebrosy

Front 2048

drug to associate with arrhythmia

Back 2048

amitryptyline

Front 2049

rx to associate with deafness

Back 2049

cispltin
carboplatin

Front 2050

rx to associate with hot flashes

Back 2050

tamoxifen

Front 2051

rx to associate with pulmonary fibrosis

Back 2051

bleomycin

Front 2052

Men I disorders

Back 2052

Daddy Est Pater Primum

parathyroid hyperplasia +/or adenomata

pancreatic and duodenal endocrine tumors and hyperplasia

eg. elevated gastrin

Front 2053

type of hypersensitivity in rheumatic fever

Back 2053

II

because antibodies bind antigens on cells or tissues

Front 2054

type of hypersensitivity in Graves disease

Back 2054

II

because antibodies bind antigens on cells or tissues

Front 2055

type of hypersensitivity in MG

Back 2055

II

because antibodies bind antigens on cells or tissues

Front 2056

type of hypersensitivity in lupus

Back 2056

III

because it's mediated by soluble immune complexes

Front 2057

type of hypersensitivity in vasculitis

Back 2057

III

because its mediated by soluble immune complexes

Front 2058

type of hypersensitivity in poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

Back 2058

III
because of circulating, soluble immune complexes

Front 2059

what do macrophages secrete in response to LPS in shock

Back 2059

TNF alpha

which then activates a cascade of IL 1,6,8, NO, PAF), which leads to shock, DIC etc.

Front 2060

PGE

Back 2060

fever

Front 2061

what interleukin mediates septic shock

Back 2061

TNF

Front 2062

effect of bradykinin on vasculature

Back 2062

potent vasodilator

Front 2063

location of hydrocele in scrotum

Back 2063

tunica vaginalist