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90 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
inulin measures
extracellular volume
albumin measures
plasma volume
why is inulin a good marker
freely filtered
not reabsorbed
not secreted
what measures ERPF? why?
PAH
filtered and actively secreted
all PAH entering kidney is excreted
difference between creatinine and PAH
PAH is also fully secreted not just filtered and reabsorbed
effect of prostaglandins on afferent arterior
dilate
effect of NSAIDS on afferent arteriole
constrict afferent
effect of ACEis on efferent arteriole
dilate (by cancelling AII's constriction)
effect of constriction of efferent arteriole on:
RPF
GFR
decrease
increase
clearance of free water formula
C=V-Cosm
part of kidney with brush border
early proximal convoluted tubule
part of nephron that secretes ammonia
PCT
part of nephron with NKCC pump
thick ascending loop
where is EPO secreted
endothelial cells of peritubular capillaries
enzyme that converts 25-OH to 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D
1 alpha hydroxylase, activated by PTH
what does PTH act on in promoting formation of 1,25(OH)2
1 alpha hydroxylase
effect of ANF in kidney
increases atrial pressure
actions of PTH in kidney
increased Ca reabsorption in DCT
decreased phosphate reabsorption in PT
increased production 1,25 Vit D by promotin 1 alpha hydroxylase
primary disturbance in metabolic acidosis
decreased bicarb
primar disturbance in metabolic alkalosis
increased bicarb
when do you calculate anion gap
to figure out etiology of a metabolic acidosis with compensation
what increases anion gap?
MUKPILES
Methanol
Uremia
Ketoacidosis
Paraaldehyde or Phenformin
Iron tablets or INH
Lactic acidosis
Ethylene glycol
Salicylates
what leaves anion gap normal
Regular Gaps Hyper Retail

Diarrhea
Glue sniffing
Renal tubular acidosis
hyperchlorenia
what is effect of aspiring on acid base balance in kidney
early ingestion contributes to respiratory alkalosis
What is effect of diruetic use on acid/base
metabolic alkalosis with compensation
what is effect of vomiting on acid/base
metabolic alkalosis with compensation
effect of antacid use in acid/base
metabolic alkalosis with compensation
affect of NG suction on acid base
metabolic alkalosis with compensation
llow pH
high PCO2
low bicarb
mixed acidosis
CNS atrophy
gingivitis
gastritis
renal tubular changes
chronic mercury poisoning
cherry-red coloration of lips/mucous membranes
CO poisonng
what artery to horsehoe idneys get trapped below
inferior mesenteric
RBC casts
nephritic syndromes
ischemia
malignant hypertension
WBC casts
tubulointerstitial disease
acute pyelonephritis
glomerular disorders
Granular muddy brown casts
acute tubular necrosis
waxy casts
advanced renal disease
WBCs in urine but no casts
suspect acute cystitis
lumpy bumpy
subepithelial humps
acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephrtis
subendothelial humps
tram track
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
crescent moon shape
RPGN
mesangial dposits of IgA
IgA nephropathy
Berger disease
split basement membrane
Alport's
collagen IV mutation
nerve deafness
ocular disorders
split basement membrane
Alport's
frothy urine
nephrotic syndrome
spike and dome
membranous glomerulonephritis (which is a nephrotic)
is membranous glomerulonerphritis nephritic or nephrotic
nephrotic
foot process effacement
minimal change (lipoid nephrosis)
segmental sclerosis and hyalinosis
FSGS
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodular lesion
diabetic nephropathy
wire loop deposits
SLE nehprotic
what is renal amyloidosis ssociated with
multiple myeloma
TB
RA
oxalate crystals
antifreeze or vitamin C abuse
radioopaque kidney stones
caclcium oxalate or phosphate
contents of struvite stones
MAP of the cave...
Magnesium
Ammonium
Phosphate
cause of struvite stones
urease positive infections
proteus
staph
Klebsiella
uric acid stones associated with gout and usually with diseases featurein
increased cell turnover
content of hexagonal renal stones
cystine

usually secondary to cystinuria
renal cell carcinoma assocation
VHL (chromosome 3)
associations with Wilms
WAGR
Wilms
Aniridia
Genitourinary malformation
Retardation (mental/motor)
painless hematuria
think bladder cancer
possible contributors to transitional cell carcinoma
Pee SAC
Phenacetin
Smoking
Aniline dyes
Cyclophosphamide
eosinophilic casts
chronic pyelonephrtis with thyroidization of kidney)
infarction of both renal cortices
vasospasm and DIC
obstetric catastrophes
septic shock
fever, rash, eosinophilia, hematuria 2 weeks after a drug
acute interstitial renal inflammation

Haptens:
penicillin
NSAIDS
diuretics
crush injury
myoblobulinuria
Acute tubular necrosis
papillary necrosis
DM
acute pyelonephritis
chronic phenacetin use
sickle cell anemia
defect in PCT transportation of amino acids, glucose, phosphate, uric acid, protein, electrolytes
Fanconi's
APKD1
autosomal dominant audlt polycystic kidney disease
flank pain
hematuria
hypertension
urinary infection
progressive renal failure
APKD
renal cysts associated with hepatic cysts and fibrosis
Infantile polycystic disease
APKD associated with
polycystic liver disease
berry aneurysms
MVP
collecting duct cysts
medullary sponge disease
good prognosis
U wave on ECG
low K
flattened T waves
low K
tetany
low Ca
neuromuscular irritability
low Mg
peaked T wave
high K
wide QRS
high K
when is mannitol contraindicated
CHF
anuria
effect of acetazolamide
decrease reabsorption of bicarb
acetazolamide toxicity
acidosis
sulfa allergy
ethacrynic acid
non-sulfonamide loop diuretic
NOT used to treat gout
loop toxicities
DO HANG (like the loop hangs)
Dehydryation
Ototoxicity
Hypokalemia
Allergy (sulfonamide)
Nephritis
Gout
Hydrochlorothiazide toxicity
Hypo NK; HyperGLUC
hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
hyponatremia
hyperGlycemia
hyperLipidemia
hyperUricemia
hyperCalcemia
Sulfaallergy
diuretics that lower pH
CA inhibitors
K sparing
diuretics that raise pH
loops
thiazides
causes angiodema
ACEi
causes taste changes
ACEi
rx to give to a CHF patient who needs diruetic therapy but has a sulfa allergy
ethacrynic acid

(non sulfa loop diuretic)
artery that keeps a horseshoe kidney low in the abdomen
IMA