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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
inulin measures
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extracellular volume
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albumin measures
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plasma volume
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why is inulin a good marker
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freely filtered
not reabsorbed not secreted |
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what measures ERPF? why?
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PAH
filtered and actively secreted all PAH entering kidney is excreted |
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difference between creatinine and PAH
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PAH is also fully secreted not just filtered and reabsorbed
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effect of prostaglandins on afferent arterior
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dilate
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effect of NSAIDS on afferent arteriole
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constrict afferent
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effect of ACEis on efferent arteriole
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dilate (by cancelling AII's constriction)
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effect of constriction of efferent arteriole on:
RPF GFR |
decrease
increase |
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clearance of free water formula
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C=V-Cosm
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part of kidney with brush border
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early proximal convoluted tubule
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part of nephron that secretes ammonia
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PCT
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part of nephron with NKCC pump
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thick ascending loop
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where is EPO secreted
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endothelial cells of peritubular capillaries
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enzyme that converts 25-OH to 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D
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1 alpha hydroxylase, activated by PTH
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what does PTH act on in promoting formation of 1,25(OH)2
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1 alpha hydroxylase
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effect of ANF in kidney
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increases atrial pressure
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actions of PTH in kidney
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increased Ca reabsorption in DCT
decreased phosphate reabsorption in PT increased production 1,25 Vit D by promotin 1 alpha hydroxylase |
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primary disturbance in metabolic acidosis
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decreased bicarb
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primar disturbance in metabolic alkalosis
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increased bicarb
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when do you calculate anion gap
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to figure out etiology of a metabolic acidosis with compensation
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what increases anion gap?
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MUKPILES
Methanol Uremia Ketoacidosis Paraaldehyde or Phenformin Iron tablets or INH Lactic acidosis Ethylene glycol Salicylates |
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what leaves anion gap normal
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Regular Gaps Hyper Retail
Diarrhea Glue sniffing Renal tubular acidosis hyperchlorenia |
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what is effect of aspiring on acid base balance in kidney
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early ingestion contributes to respiratory alkalosis
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What is effect of diruetic use on acid/base
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metabolic alkalosis with compensation
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what is effect of vomiting on acid/base
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metabolic alkalosis with compensation
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effect of antacid use in acid/base
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metabolic alkalosis with compensation
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affect of NG suction on acid base
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metabolic alkalosis with compensation
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llow pH
high PCO2 low bicarb |
mixed acidosis
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CNS atrophy
gingivitis gastritis renal tubular changes |
chronic mercury poisoning
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cherry-red coloration of lips/mucous membranes
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CO poisonng
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what artery to horsehoe idneys get trapped below
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inferior mesenteric
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RBC casts
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nephritic syndromes
ischemia malignant hypertension |
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WBC casts
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tubulointerstitial disease
acute pyelonephritis glomerular disorders |
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Granular muddy brown casts
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acute tubular necrosis
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waxy casts
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advanced renal disease
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WBCs in urine but no casts
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suspect acute cystitis
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lumpy bumpy
subepithelial humps |
acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephrtis
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subendothelial humps
tram track |
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
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crescent moon shape
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RPGN
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mesangial dposits of IgA
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IgA nephropathy
Berger disease |
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split basement membrane
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Alport's
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collagen IV mutation
nerve deafness ocular disorders split basement membrane |
Alport's
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frothy urine
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nephrotic syndrome
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spike and dome
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membranous glomerulonephritis (which is a nephrotic)
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is membranous glomerulonerphritis nephritic or nephrotic
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nephrotic
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foot process effacement
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minimal change (lipoid nephrosis)
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segmental sclerosis and hyalinosis
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FSGS
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Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodular lesion
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diabetic nephropathy
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wire loop deposits
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SLE nehprotic
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what is renal amyloidosis ssociated with
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multiple myeloma
TB RA |
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oxalate crystals
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antifreeze or vitamin C abuse
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radioopaque kidney stones
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caclcium oxalate or phosphate
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contents of struvite stones
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MAP of the cave...
Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate |
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cause of struvite stones
|
urease positive infections
proteus staph Klebsiella |
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uric acid stones associated with gout and usually with diseases featurein
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increased cell turnover
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content of hexagonal renal stones
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cystine
usually secondary to cystinuria |
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renal cell carcinoma assocation
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VHL (chromosome 3)
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associations with Wilms
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WAGR
Wilms Aniridia Genitourinary malformation Retardation (mental/motor) |
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painless hematuria
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think bladder cancer
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possible contributors to transitional cell carcinoma
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Pee SAC
Phenacetin Smoking Aniline dyes Cyclophosphamide |
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eosinophilic casts
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chronic pyelonephrtis with thyroidization of kidney)
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infarction of both renal cortices
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vasospasm and DIC
obstetric catastrophes septic shock |
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fever, rash, eosinophilia, hematuria 2 weeks after a drug
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acute interstitial renal inflammation
Haptens: penicillin NSAIDS diuretics |
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crush injury
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myoblobulinuria
Acute tubular necrosis |
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papillary necrosis
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DM
acute pyelonephritis chronic phenacetin use sickle cell anemia |
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defect in PCT transportation of amino acids, glucose, phosphate, uric acid, protein, electrolytes
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Fanconi's
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APKD1
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autosomal dominant audlt polycystic kidney disease
|
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flank pain
hematuria hypertension urinary infection progressive renal failure |
APKD
|
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renal cysts associated with hepatic cysts and fibrosis
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Infantile polycystic disease
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APKD associated with
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polycystic liver disease
berry aneurysms MVP |
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collecting duct cysts
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medullary sponge disease
good prognosis |
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U wave on ECG
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low K
|
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flattened T waves
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low K
|
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tetany
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low Ca
|
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neuromuscular irritability
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low Mg
|
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peaked T wave
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high K
|
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wide QRS
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high K
|
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when is mannitol contraindicated
|
CHF
anuria |
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effect of acetazolamide
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decrease reabsorption of bicarb
|
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acetazolamide toxicity
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acidosis
sulfa allergy |
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ethacrynic acid
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non-sulfonamide loop diuretic
NOT used to treat gout |
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loop toxicities
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DO HANG (like the loop hangs)
Dehydryation Ototoxicity Hypokalemia Allergy (sulfonamide) Nephritis Gout |
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Hydrochlorothiazide toxicity
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Hypo NK; HyperGLUC
hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis hyponatremia hyperGlycemia hyperLipidemia hyperUricemia hyperCalcemia Sulfaallergy |
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diuretics that lower pH
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CA inhibitors
K sparing |
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diuretics that raise pH
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loops
thiazides |
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causes angiodema
|
ACEi
|
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causes taste changes
|
ACEi
|
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rx to give to a CHF patient who needs diruetic therapy but has a sulfa allergy
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ethacrynic acid
(non sulfa loop diuretic) |
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artery that keeps a horseshoe kidney low in the abdomen
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IMA
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