Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
where is neuroblastoma
|
adrenal medulla
(most common childhood tumor there) |
|
basophilic hormones
|
B-FLAT
FSH LH ACTH TSH |
|
neurohypothysis hormones
|
ADH, Oxytocin (only ones that start with vowels)
|
|
alpha subunit is common to which pituitary tumors
|
TSH
LH FSH hCG = basofils with hCG subbing for ACTH |
|
what part of pancreas arises from buds
|
islets
|
|
pancreatic alpha cells
|
glucagon, peripheral
|
|
pancretic delta cells
|
somatostatin
intersperced |
|
effect of prolactin on dopamine
|
increases synthesis
|
|
somatostatin inhibits
|
GH
TSH |
|
17 alpha hydroxylasse deficiency
|
female
increased BP |
|
21 beta hydroxylase deficiency
|
shunts to sex steroids
male decreased BP |
|
3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency
|
nothing can be made
no steroids no life |
|
11 beta hydroxylase deficiency
|
shunts to sex steroids
male increased bp (because 11 deoxycorticosterone is a minerale corticoid that ends up being produced in excess) |
|
which cells make PTH
|
chief
|
|
PTH stimulates:
osteoclasts? osteoblasts? |
both
osteoblasts directly, and clasts indirectly |
|
mediator of PTHs effects on kidney
|
increased cAMP
|
|
vitamin D effect on dietary/bone
calcium absorption? phosphate absorption? |
increases both
|
|
alk phos in paget's disease
|
up up up
|
|
normal phosphate and PTH
normal or up Ca up up up alk phos |
paget's disease
|
|
increased Ca, phosphate, alk phos
decreased PTH |
vitamin D intoxication
|
|
increased alk phos and PTH
decreased Ca and phosphate |
osteomalacia
|
|
normal Ca, phosphate, alk phos, pth
|
bone loss
|
|
decreased CA
increased phosphate, PTH normal alk phos |
renal insufficiency
|
|
cells that make calcitonin
|
parafoliicular cells
|
|
what kind of hormone is thyroxine? T3?
|
steroids
|
|
T3 functions
|
4Bs
Brain maturation bone growth Beta-adrenergic effects BMR up (via Na?k ATPase |
|
when does TBG drop
|
hepatic failure
|
|
when does TBG increase
|
pregnancy (estrogen effect)
|
|
glucose transporter in:
skeletal muscle adipose tissue RBC Brain |
GLUT-4 in muscle and fat
GLUT-1 in brain and RBCx |
|
insulin dependent:
GLUT-4? GLUT-1? |
4 only
1 does brain and RBCs |
|
which can't use ketone bodies:
brain? RBCs? |
RBCs
|
|
hormones that use GMP
|
ANP
EDRF NO Not Everyone uses AMP |
|
hormones using IP3
|
GnRH
Oxytocin TRH ADH GHRH GO TAG IP3 |
|
what pathway does vitamin D use
|
steroid receptor
|
|
what patheway does T3 / T4 use
|
steroid receptor
|
|
what hormones use TK pathways
|
Insulin
IGF-1 FGF TK is a bit IFI (iffy) |
|
Dexamethasone suppression: what indicates:
healthy? ACTH producing pituitary tumor? Ectopic ACTh producing tumor? Cortisol producing tumor? |
low cortisol after low dose
high cortisol after low dose and low cortisol after high dose high cortisol after low or high dose for last two |
|
hypertension
hypokalemia metabolic alkalosis low plasma renin |
Conn's syndrome (primary HA)
|
|
hypertension
hypokalemia metabolic alkalosis high plasma renin |
secondary hyperaldosteronism
|
|
what's deficient in Addisons
|
aldosterone and cortisol
|
|
hypotension
skin hyperpigmentation |
Addison's which involves
All 3 cortical divisions |
|
what causes hyperpigmentation in Addisons
|
MSH, by product of ACTH from POMC
|
|
deficiency of all 3 cortical division hormones
|
Addison disease
|
|
acute adrenal insufficiency
with adrenal hemorrhage associated with meningococcal septicemia |
Waterhouse-Friderichsen
|
|
pheochromocytoma can be associated with
|
neurofibromatosis
MEN II and III (but not 1, even though it's a p) |
|
rx for pheochromocytoma
|
phenoxybenzamine, an irreversible alpha blocker
|
|
rule of 10s
|
pheochromocytoma:
10% malignant 10% bilateral 10% extra-adrenal 10% calcify 10% in kids 10% familial |
|
Pressure
Pain Perspiration Palpitations Pallor |
Pheochromocytoma
|
|
MEN I
|
3 Ps (and no Ms anywhere in any word)
pancreas pituitary parathyroid |
|
MEN II
|
2ps and 1 m
Pehochromocytoma Parathyroid medullary carcinoma of thyroid |
|
MEN III
|
1 p and 2Ms
Pheochromocytoma medullary carcinoma of thyroid mucosal neuromas (oral/intestinal ganglioneuromatosis |
|
which MENs have RET association
|
II and III, because
two and three have letters in RET, but one does not |
|
myxedema
|
hypothyroidism
Graves HypERthyroidism |
|
increased TSH
|
hypothyroidism
|
|
thyroid replaced by fibrous tissue
|
Riedel's thyroiditis
|
|
cause of thyroid storm
|
underlying Graves
stress-indued catecholamine surge death by arrhythmia |
|
Hurthle cells
|
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
|
|
lympohcytic infiltrate in thyroid
germinal centeres antimicrosomal and antithyroiglobulin antibodies Hurthle cells |
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
|
|
self limited hypothyroidism
|
deQuervains
|
|
very tender thyroid gland
|
de Quervains' subacute thyroiditis
|
|
thyrotoxicosis when a patient with endemic goiter moves to an iodine0replete area
|
Jod-Basedow phenomenon
|
|
ground glassn nuclei (Orphan Annie)
psammoma modies |
papillary carcinoma
excellent prognosis |
|
lymphoma is associated with which thyroid disease?
|
Hashimoto
|
|
child
pot bellied pale puffy faced protruding umbilicus protuberant tongue |
Cretinism
|
|
what happens to insulin in acromegaly
|
impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance
|
|
tx for acromegaly
|
octreotide
|
|
how to test for acromegaly
|
oral glucose tolerance test
|
|
alk phos in hyperpT
|
increased
|
|
sequelae of hyperparathyroidism
|
osteitis fibrosa cystica (of primary)
renal osteodystrophy (of secondary) |
|
neurofibromatosis
vs osteitis fibrosa cystica |
neurofibromatosis is von Recklinghausen's disease
Renal osteodystrophy is syndrome |
|
occlusion of brachial artery with BP cuff cuases carpal smasm
|
Trousseau's sign of hypocalcemia in hypoparathyroidism
|
|
autosomal dominant kidney unresponsiveness to PTH
|
pseudohypoparathyroidism
|
|
short 4th and 5th digits
short statur hypocalcemia |
pseudohypoparathyroidism due to autosomal dominant kidney unresponsivenes to PTH
|
|
Causes of hypercalcemia
|
CHIMPANZEES
Hyperparathyroid Hyperthyroid Iatrogenic - thiazides Multiple Myeloma Paget's (can also be normal) Addisons Neoplasms Zollinger-Ellison Excess D Excess A Sarcoidosis |
|
rx for shrinking a prolactinoma
|
bromocriptine
|
|
ketoacidosis is associated with which kind of diabetes
|
I
|
|
polyuria
polydipsia thirst weight loss |
DM I
|
|
fruity breath odor
|
diabetic ketoacidosis
|
|
tx for diabetic ketoacidosis
|
fluids
insulin potasium (to replete intracellular stores even though there was hyperkalemia extracellularly) |
|
intense thirst
|
diabetes insipidus
|
|
how to test for diabetes insipidus
|
water deprivation test -- urine osmolaltiy doesn't increase
|
|
how to distinguish between central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
|
response to desmopressin
|
|
how to treat central diabetes insipidus
|
intranasal desmopressin
|
|
how to treat nephrogenic DI
|
thiazides
indomethacin amiloride |
|
excess water retention
hyponatremia urine oslmolarity>serum osmolarity |
SIADH
|
|
drug that can cause SIADH
|
cyclophosphamide
|
|
tx for SIADH
|
demeclocycline
H2O restriction |
|
rule of 1/3s for carcinoid
|
1/3 meetastasize
1/3 present with 2nd malignancy 1/3 multiple |
|
most common tumor of the appendix
|
carcinoid
|
|
recurrent ulcers
|
consider Zollinger Ellison
|
|
what syndrome can Zollinger Ellison be associated with
|
MEN 1
|
|
orlistate use
MOA |
obesity management
inhibits pancreatic lipase |
|
sibutramine
USE MOA |
short term and long term obesity management
inhibits reuptake of sympathomimetic serotonin and norepinephrine |
|
side effects of prophylthiouracil
|
skin rash
agranulocytosis (rare) aplastic anemia |
|
rx for GH deficiency
|
GH
|
|
rx for TUrner's
|
GH
|
|
rx fo carcinoid
|
octreotide
|
|
rx for gastrinoma
|
octreotide
|
|
rx for glucagonoma
|
octreotide
|
|
rx for stimulating labor
|
oxytocin
|
|
rx for controlling uterine hemorrhage
|
oxytocin
|