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101 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
where is neuroblastoma
adrenal medulla
(most common childhood tumor there)
basophilic hormones
B-FLAT
FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH
neurohypothysis hormones
ADH, Oxytocin (only ones that start with vowels)
alpha subunit is common to which pituitary tumors
TSH
LH
FSH
hCG
= basofils with hCG subbing for ACTH
what part of pancreas arises from buds
islets
pancreatic alpha cells
glucagon, peripheral
pancretic delta cells
somatostatin
intersperced
effect of prolactin on dopamine
increases synthesis
somatostatin inhibits
GH
TSH
17 alpha hydroxylasse deficiency
female
increased BP
21 beta hydroxylase deficiency
shunts to sex steroids
male
decreased BP
3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency
nothing can be made
no steroids
no life
11 beta hydroxylase deficiency
shunts to sex steroids
male
increased bp (because 11 deoxycorticosterone is a minerale corticoid that ends up being produced in excess)
which cells make PTH
chief
PTH stimulates:
osteoclasts?
osteoblasts?
both
osteoblasts directly, and clasts indirectly
mediator of PTHs effects on kidney
increased cAMP
vitamin D effect on dietary/bone
calcium absorption?
phosphate absorption?
increases both
alk phos in paget's disease
up up up
normal phosphate and PTH
normal or up Ca
up up up alk phos
paget's disease
increased Ca, phosphate, alk phos
decreased PTH
vitamin D intoxication
increased alk phos and PTH
decreased Ca and phosphate
osteomalacia
normal Ca, phosphate, alk phos, pth
bone loss
decreased CA
increased phosphate, PTH
normal alk phos
renal insufficiency
cells that make calcitonin
parafoliicular cells
what kind of hormone is thyroxine? T3?
steroids
T3 functions
4Bs
Brain maturation
bone growth
Beta-adrenergic effects
BMR up (via Na?k ATPase
when does TBG drop
hepatic failure
when does TBG increase
pregnancy (estrogen effect)
glucose transporter in:
skeletal muscle
adipose tissue
RBC
Brain
GLUT-4 in muscle and fat
GLUT-1 in brain and RBCx
insulin dependent:
GLUT-4?
GLUT-1?
4 only
1 does brain and RBCs
which can't use ketone bodies:
brain?
RBCs?
RBCs
hormones that use GMP
ANP
EDRF
NO

Not Everyone uses AMP
hormones using IP3
GnRH
Oxytocin
TRH
ADH
GHRH

GO TAG IP3
what pathway does vitamin D use
steroid receptor
what patheway does T3 / T4 use
steroid receptor
what hormones use TK pathways
Insulin
IGF-1
FGF

TK is a bit IFI (iffy)
Dexamethasone suppression: what indicates:
healthy?
ACTH producing pituitary tumor?
Ectopic ACTh producing tumor?
Cortisol producing tumor?
low cortisol after low dose

high cortisol after low dose and low cortisol after high dose

high cortisol after low or high dose for last two
hypertension
hypokalemia
metabolic alkalosis
low plasma renin
Conn's syndrome (primary HA)
hypertension
hypokalemia
metabolic alkalosis
high plasma renin
secondary hyperaldosteronism
what's deficient in Addisons
aldosterone and cortisol
hypotension
skin hyperpigmentation
Addison's which involves
All 3 cortical divisions
what causes hyperpigmentation in Addisons
MSH, by product of ACTH from POMC
deficiency of all 3 cortical division hormones
Addison disease
acute adrenal insufficiency
with adrenal hemorrhage
associated with meningococcal septicemia
Waterhouse-Friderichsen
pheochromocytoma can be associated with
neurofibromatosis
MEN II and III (but not 1, even though it's a p)
rx for pheochromocytoma
phenoxybenzamine, an irreversible alpha blocker
rule of 10s
pheochromocytoma:
10% malignant
10% bilateral
10% extra-adrenal
10% calcify
10% in kids
10% familial
Pressure
Pain
Perspiration
Palpitations
Pallor
Pheochromocytoma
MEN I
3 Ps (and no Ms anywhere in any word)
pancreas
pituitary
parathyroid
MEN II
2ps and 1 m
Pehochromocytoma
Parathyroid
medullary carcinoma of thyroid
MEN III
1 p and 2Ms
Pheochromocytoma
medullary carcinoma of thyroid
mucosal neuromas (oral/intestinal ganglioneuromatosis
which MENs have RET association
II and III, because
two and three have letters in RET, but one does not
myxedema
hypothyroidism
Graves HypERthyroidism
increased TSH
hypothyroidism
thyroid replaced by fibrous tissue
Riedel's thyroiditis
cause of thyroid storm
underlying Graves
stress-indued catecholamine surge
death by arrhythmia
Hurthle cells
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
lympohcytic infiltrate in thyroid
germinal centeres
antimicrosomal and antithyroiglobulin antibodies
Hurthle cells
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
self limited hypothyroidism
deQuervains
very tender thyroid gland
de Quervains' subacute thyroiditis
thyrotoxicosis when a patient with endemic goiter moves to an iodine0replete area
Jod-Basedow phenomenon
ground glassn nuclei (Orphan Annie)
psammoma modies
papillary carcinoma
excellent prognosis
lymphoma is associated with which thyroid disease?
Hashimoto
child
pot bellied
pale
puffy faced
protruding umbilicus
protuberant tongue
Cretinism
what happens to insulin in acromegaly
impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance
tx for acromegaly
octreotide
how to test for acromegaly
oral glucose tolerance test
alk phos in hyperpT
increased
sequelae of hyperparathyroidism
osteitis fibrosa cystica (of primary)
renal osteodystrophy (of secondary)
neurofibromatosis
vs
osteitis fibrosa cystica
neurofibromatosis is von Recklinghausen's disease

Renal osteodystrophy is syndrome
occlusion of brachial artery with BP cuff cuases carpal smasm
Trousseau's sign of hypocalcemia in hypoparathyroidism
autosomal dominant kidney unresponsiveness to PTH
pseudohypoparathyroidism
short 4th and 5th digits
short statur
hypocalcemia
pseudohypoparathyroidism due to autosomal dominant kidney unresponsivenes to PTH
Causes of hypercalcemia
CHIMPANZEES
Hyperparathyroid
Hyperthyroid
Iatrogenic - thiazides
Multiple Myeloma
Paget's (can also be normal)
Addisons
Neoplasms
Zollinger-Ellison
Excess D
Excess A
Sarcoidosis
rx for shrinking a prolactinoma
bromocriptine
ketoacidosis is associated with which kind of diabetes
I
polyuria
polydipsia
thirst
weight loss
DM I
fruity breath odor
diabetic ketoacidosis
tx for diabetic ketoacidosis
fluids
insulin
potasium (to replete intracellular stores even though there was hyperkalemia extracellularly)
intense thirst
diabetes insipidus
how to test for diabetes insipidus
water deprivation test -- urine osmolaltiy doesn't increase
how to distinguish between central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
response to desmopressin
how to treat central diabetes insipidus
intranasal desmopressin
how to treat nephrogenic DI
thiazides
indomethacin
amiloride
excess water retention
hyponatremia
urine oslmolarity>serum osmolarity
SIADH
drug that can cause SIADH
cyclophosphamide
tx for SIADH
demeclocycline
H2O restriction
rule of 1/3s for carcinoid
1/3 meetastasize
1/3 present with 2nd malignancy
1/3 multiple
most common tumor of the appendix
carcinoid
recurrent ulcers
consider Zollinger Ellison
what syndrome can Zollinger Ellison be associated with
MEN 1
orlistate use

MOA
obesity management

inhibits pancreatic lipase
sibutramine
USE
MOA
short term and long term obesity management

inhibits reuptake of sympathomimetic serotonin and norepinephrine
side effects of prophylthiouracil
skin rash
agranulocytosis (rare)
aplastic anemia
rx for GH deficiency
GH
rx for TUrner's
GH
rx fo carcinoid
octreotide
rx for gastrinoma
octreotide
rx for glucagonoma
octreotide
rx for stimulating labor
oxytocin
rx for controlling uterine hemorrhage
oxytocin