Boards Cards Set 2

Front 1

True vocal cords is covered by what cell type?

Back 1

Stratified squamous epithelium

Small DNA viruses such as HPV can cause infxn on stratified squamous

Can cause hoarseness and possible stridor

Front 2

The nose, the paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, most of the larynx, and the tracheobronchial tree are lined with

Back 2

pseudostratified columnar, mucus-secreting epithelium

Front 3

in the URT stratified squamous epithelium is found?

Back 3

in the oropharynx, laryngopharynx, anterior epiglottis, upper half of the posterior epiglottis, and vocal folds

Front 4

The common cardinal veins of the developing embryo drain directly into?

Back 4

The sinus venosis

Front 5

The cardinal veins ultimately give rise to?

Back 5

Superior Vena cava

Front 6

The truncus arteriosis gives rise to?

Back 6

The ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk

Front 7

drug intox-MI

Back 7

Cocaine

Front 8

drug intox-Respiratory depression

Back 8

Benzodiazepine and barbiturates

Front 9

drug intox-Seizures and strokes

Back 9

Stimulants (cocaine and amphetamines)

Front 10

drug intox-Trauma

Back 10

PCP-induces violent behavior

Front 11

Marker for Hodgkin's lymphoma; on Neutrophils and Reed Sternberg cells

Back 11

CD15

Front 12

CD16

Back 12

surface marker found on NK cells and other cell types

Front 13

Low levels of circulating B-cells and low levels of immunoglobulins including IgA. Predisposed to recurrent respiratory infections and persistent giardiasis

Back 13

X-linked agammaglobulinemia

Front 14

Number needed to harm

Back 14

1/Attributable risk

Attributable risk=a/a+b - c/c+d

Front 15

Presentation of Neurofibromatosis type 1
Autosomal DOMINANT
NF1 gene on chromosome 17

Back 15

Cafe-au-lait spots
Neurfibromas (pictures)
Lisch nodules in the eye
Bony abnormalities-congenital pseudoarthrosis and scoliosis
Associated with brain tumors

Front 16

Ectopy

Back 16

microscopically and functionally normal cells/tissues found in an abnormal location d/t embryonic maldevelopment

Front 17

Patchy atelectasis can be caused by?

Back 17

Decrease in surfactant

Front 18

Postpartum depression develops?

Back 18

2 weeks to 12 months

Front 19

Insulin is packaged in secretory granules with?

Back 19

C-peptide; fromed from proinsulin in the pancreatic B-cell Golgi apparatus

Front 20

Fetal hydronephrosis usually has a obstruction where?

Back 20

Ureteropelvic junction; the last segment of the fetal ureter to canalize; most common site of obstruction

Front 21

Mesonephros forms when and what are the intermediary and adult structures?

Back 21

4th week
mesonephric (wolffian) duct
Male GU components

Front 22

Metanephros forms when and what are the intermediary and adult structures?

Back 22

5th to 6th week
forms a diverticulum call ureteric bud
Collecting ducts, renal pelvis, ureters

Front 23

Glycogen degredation is coupled with skeletal muscle contraction d/t

Back 23

Calcium mediated myophosphorylase activation. Increased calcium in the cytosol allosterically activates the phosphorylase kinase which than phosphorylates (activates) muscle phosphorylase

Front 24

What type of test is used to determine whether there are any significant differences between the means of 2 or more independent groups

Back 24

ANOVA (Analysis of variance)

Front 25

Test used to check for an association between 2 categorical variables

Back 25

Chi square

Front 26

Pearson correlation coefficient

Back 26

Measure of strength and direction of a linear relationship between 2 variables

Front 27

Difference between t-test and ANOVA

Back 27

compare the difference between the means of two groups (T-test)

ANOVA compares the difference between the means of 2 or more groups

Front 28

IL-1 function

Back 28

secreated from macrophages; stimulates the helper T-cells to proliferate and or secrete lymphokines

Front 29

Il-3 function

Back 29

promotes the growth and diffenentiation of bone marrow stem cells

Front 30

Il-5 function

Back 30

Secreted by helper T-cells, but functions to promote B-cell IgA synthesis and eosinophil activation

Front 31

TGF-B is involved in?

Back 31

Tissue regeneration and repair

Front 32

What lab value is found in Klinefelter syndrome? (male; bilateral breast enlargement, tall stature, little body hair, small testicles)

Back 32

Increased plasma FSH also an increase in estradiol

Front 33

What enzyme removes RNA primers during DNA replication

Back 33

DNA polymerase I (5' to 3' exonuclease activity) which is used to excise RNA primers

Front 34

Meconium discharge from the umbilicus

Back 34

Persistent yolk sac

Front 35

Incomplete obliteration of the vitelline duct

Back 35

Meckel diverticulum

Front 36

Hypospadias

Back 36

urethral opening is located on the ventral surface of the penis; often associated with a downward curvature of the penis called a chordee

Front 37

Patent urachus

Back 37

remnant of the allantois that connects the bladder with the yolk sac during fetal development. Failure of the urachus to obliterate by birth results in a patent urachus-->urine discharge

Front 38

What organism? HIV patient that has cough and chest pain; mucicarmine staining of bronchoalveolar fluid shows budding yeast with thick capsules
*******

Back 38

Cryptococcus neoformans (most commonly will cause meningitis-diagnosis is made by examing CSF stained with india ink)
******

Front 39

What organism? White oral plaques

Back 39

Candida; oral thrush is associated with diabetes, immunosupression (HIV) and tx with steroids

Front 40

Esophagitis in an HIV patient is most commonly caused by?

Back 40

Candida infection; presents with odynophagia (painful swallowing)

Front 41

What bug in immunocompromised? paranasal sinusitis

Back 41

Mucormycosis; in immnuncompromised patients and is strongly associated with diabetes mellitus and diabetic ketoacidosis

Front 42

Double stranded DNA viruses known to be neurotropic include

Back 42

herpesviruses and the JC papovavirus

Front 43

Herpesvirus type-8 is associated with?

Back 43

Kaposi sarcoma

Front 44

During muscle contration, the labeled ATP is observed to attach to the sacromere which causes

Back 44

myosin head detachment from the actin filament (without ATP, the muscle will be fixed in a contracted state (rigor mortis)

Front 45

Calcium binding to troponin C...

Back 45

shifts tropomyosin away from the myosin binding site on actin.

Front 46

The presence of fluid in the pulmonary interstitium (possibly d/t an MI) causes...

Back 46

Decreased lung compliance-->O2 sat is low

Front 47

ARBs mech of action

Back 47

Block AT-1 receptors and inhibit the effects of angiotensin II. This results in arterial vasodilation and decreased aldosterone secretion; DONT interfere with bradykinin degradation or levels; increase renin, Ag I and II