Boards And Wards Flash Cards

Front 1

Treatment guidelines for Malignant Hypertension

Back 1

Nitroprusside or nifedipine.
Do NOT lower the BP by more than 1/4 at first (--> stroke).
Target = Systolic of 160.

Front 2

Major risk factors for Coronary Artery Disease

Back 2

Diabetes, Smoking, Hypertension, Hypercholesterolemia (i.e. a total cholesterol/HDL ratio over 5.0), and family history.

Front 3

Minor risk factors for CAD

Back 3

Obesity, age, lack of estrogen, homocystinuria

Front 4

Indications for Surgery in Stable Angina

Back 4

Failure of medical management, 3 vessel CAD, or 2 vessel disease in a diabetic

Front 5

Immediate treatment for a patient presenting with UA

Back 5

* IV heparin and aspirin (continue ASA post-d/c)
* Nitroglycerin
* Beta Blockers

Front 6

Which is more specific for MI: troponin or CK-MB?

Back 6

Troponin I. It rises within 4 hours and is also as sensitive as CK-MB.

Front 7

When is heparin given postinfarct and for how long?

Back 7

If tPA was used for thrombolytics; 48h

Front 8

First line drug to convert A Fib

Back 8

IV procainimide
(Can also use sotalol or amiodarone)

Front 9

First Line Tx for CHF

Back 9

ACEI

Front 10

How does the treatment of mitral stenosis differ from other disease that cause decreased CO?

Back 10

NEVER give + inotropic agents

Front 11

Water-Hammer pulse

Back 11

Seen in AR.
A wide PP presenting with a forceful upswing with a rapid fall of

Front 12

Traube's Sign

Back 12

Pistol-shot bruit over the femoral pulse.
Seen in AR

Front 13

Corrigan's Pulse

Back 13

Unusually large Carotid pulsations.

Seen in AR.

Front 14

Quincke's sign

Back 14

Pulsatile blanching and reddening of fingernails upon light pressure.
Seen in AR.

Front 15

de Musset's sign

Back 15

Head bobbing (due to carotid pulsations).

Seen in AR

Front 16

Muller's Sign

Back 16

Pulsatile bobbing of uvula.

Seen in AR.

Front 17

Durozeiz's sign

Back 17

Murmur over femoral artery (heard best with mild pressure applied)

Heard in AR.

Front 18

Classic Triad of Aortic Stenosis

Back 18

Syncope, Angina, Exertional Dyspnea

Front 19

How to differentiate the sound of Tricuspid Stenosis and Mitral Stenosis

Back 19

Tricuspid increases in sound with inspiration

Front 20

Major Duke Criteria for Endocarditis

Back 20

1. + Blood cultures (x2) of common organisms
2. + Echo (TEE) or new onset murmur

Front 21

Minor Duke Criteria for Endocarditis

Back 21

1. Predisposing condition
2. Fever over 38 C
3. Embolic disease
4. Roth Spot/Osler Node/Janeway lesion, etc.
5. + Blood culture x 1

Front 22

Beck's triad of cardiac tamponade

Back 22

Distant heart sounds, distended jugular veins, and hypotension

Front 23

General rule for administering O2

Back 23

1 L/min of O2 will increase FIO2 by 3%.

Front 24

How do you confirm chronic bronchitis?

Back 24

A biopsy with Increased Read Index

Front 25

Pulmonary Capillary wedge pressures to differentiate ARDS from cardiogenic pulmonary edema

Back 25

ARDS = <12
Cardiogenic = >15

Front 26

Classic CXR finding in pulmonary infarction

Back 26

Hampton's Hump (a wedge-shaped opacification at distal edges of lung fields)

Front 27

Primary TB classically affects the _________ lobes

Back 27

lower

Front 28

Patients less than or equal to 20 with gallstones should be worked up for

Back 28

congenital spherocytosis or another hemoglobinopathy

Front 29

bugs causing cholecystitis

Back 29

e. coli, enterobacter cloacae, enterococcus, Klebsiella.

(EEEK! bugs)

Front 30

Why do you use demerol for pain control in cholecystitis?

Back 30

Morphine causes spasm of the sphincter of Oddi

Front 31

Charcot's Triad for ascending cholangitis. How is this different from Reynold's pentad?

Back 31

Charcot's= jaundice, RUQ pain, and fever.

Add altered mental status and hypotension for Reynolds.

Front 32

TX for ascending cholangitis

Back 32

NPO, IV fluids, and IV ampicillin/gentamicin/Flagyl or mezlocillin/Flagyl.
ERCP or PTC to remove stones

Front 33

Classic X-ray finding in acute pancreatitis

Back 33

sentinel loop or colon cut-off sign (a loop of distended bowel next to the pancreas)

Front 34

location of majority of pancreatic cancers

Back 34

60% in head of pancreas

Front 35

Type of colonic polyp with greatest metastatic potential

Back 35

villous

Front 36

Turcot's Syndrome

Back 36

Colonic polyposis + medulloblastoma or glioma

Front 37

Where are true diverticular most often found?

Back 37

Cecum and ascending colon

Front 38

most common site for large intestine obstruction

Back 38

sigmoid colon

Front 39

Ogilvie's Syndrome

Back 39

Psuedo-obstruction of the large intestine. Presents with the presence of massive right-sided colon dilation with no evidence of obstruction. Treat with colonoscopy and rectal tube for decompression.

Front 40

The majority of breast cancers appear in which quadrants?

Back 40

Upper outer

Front 41

A patient with n,v, acute onset testicular pain, and absent cremasteric reflex should get

Back 41

emergent surgical decompression, with excision of testicle if it infarcts

Front 42

Which meniscus is most commonly injured?

Back 42

Medial (3:1)