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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What condition is defined as high BP (systolic > 200 or diastolic > 110) without evidence of end-organ damage?
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hypertensive urgency
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Signs and symptoms of this condition include mental status changes, papilledema, focal neurologic findings, anuria, chest pain, or evidence of CHF?
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hypertensive emergency
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What is the treatment for hypertensive emergency?
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• nitroprusside
• nitroglycerin • labetalol * reduce mean arterial BP by 25% in 1-2 hrs |
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List 4 major risk factors for CAD
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• diabetes
• smoking • hypertension • hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol/HDL ratio > 5.0) |
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What is the #1 preventable risk factor of CAD?
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smoking
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What is first-line medical treatment for hypertension with no comorbid disease?
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thiazide diuretic
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What is first-line medical treatment for hypertension for patients with diabetes?
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• ACE inhibitors
• ARBs |
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What is first line medical treatment for hypertension for patients with CHF?
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• ACE inhibitors
• ARBs • beta-blockers • potassium-sparing diuretics |
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What is the first-line medical treatment for hypertension in patients with osteoporosis?
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thiazide diuretics
* decreases Ca excretion |
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What is first-line medical treatment for hypertension for patients with BPH?
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alpha 1-blockers
• prazosin (Minipress) • terazosin (Hytrin) • doxazosin (Cardura) |
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What is first-line medical treatment for hypertension for patient that are pregnant?
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methyldopa
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List contraindications for beta-blockers
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• COPD (due to bronchospasm)
• hyperkalemia • diabetes (relative: due to alteration in insulin-gluocose homeostasis & blockade of autonomic response to hypoglycemia) |
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List contraindications of ACE inhibitors
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• pregnancy (due to teratogenicity)
• renal artery stenosis • renal failure (creatinine > 1.5) |
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List a contraindication to diuretics
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gout (due to causation of hyperuricemia)
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What is a contraindication for thiazide diuretics?
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diabetes (due to hyperglycemia)
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What is the treatment for Prinzmetal's angina?
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• vasodilators (nitroglycerin or calcium channel blockers)
• should undergo catheterization to see if fixed stenotic lesions are present |
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Prinzmetal's Angina tends to involve which coronary artery?
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right coronary artery
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What is the rate of a normal junctional rhythm?
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40-60 BPM
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What is the rate of an accelerated junctional rhythm?
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60-100 BPM
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What is the rate of junctional tachycardia?
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> 100 BPM
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What is the rate for an idioventricular rhythm (ventricular escape rhythm)?
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20-40 BPM
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What is the rate for an accelerated ventricular rhythm?
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40-100 BPM
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Which type of heart block is characterized by left-axis deviation and Q wave in lead I and an S wave in lead III (QI, S3)?
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left anterior hemiblock (LAHB)
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Which type of heart block is characterized by right axis deviation and S1, Q3 pattern?
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Left posterior hemiblock
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What is the most common chronic arrhythmia?
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Atrial Fibrillation
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What is the number one etiology of CHF?
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CAD
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What syndrome is characterized by a late systolic mumur with midsystolic click?
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Barlow's syndrome (Mitral Valve Prolapse)
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What sign of aortic regurgitation is characterized by a wide pulse pressure presenting with forceful arterial pulse upswing with rapid falloff?
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Water-Hammer Pulse
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What sign of aortic regurg is characterized by a pistol-shot bruit over femoral pulse?
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Traube's sign
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What sign of aortic regurg is characterized by unusually large carotid pulsations?
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Corrigan's pulse
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What sign of aortic regurg is characterized by pulsatile blanching & reddending of fingernails upon light pressure?
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Quincke's sign
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What sign of aortic regurg is characterized by head bobbing caused by carotid pulsations?
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de Musset's sign
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What sign of aortic regurg is characterized by pulsatile bobbing of the uvula?
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Müller's sign
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What sign of aortic regurg is describe as a to&fro murmur over the femoral artery heard best with mild pressure applied to the artery?
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Duroziez's sign
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What sign of aortic regurg is characterized by systolic pressure in the legs > 20 mm Hg higher than in the arms?
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Hill's sign
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What is the classic triad of aortic stenosis?
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• syncope
• angina • exertional dyspnea |
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What murmur is a diastolic murmur of pulmonary regurgitation heart at the left sternal border?
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Graham Steell murmur
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Culture negative endocarditis is caused by hard-to-culture organisms known as the HACEK organisms. What are the HACEK organisms?
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• Haemophilus parainfluenza
• Actinobacillus • Cardiobacterium • Eikenella • Kingella |
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What type of endocarditis is caused by SLE?
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Libman-Sacks endocarditis
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What are the major Duke criteria for endocarditis diagnosis?
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• + blood culture growing of common organisms
• + echocardiogram or onset of new murmur |
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What is Beck's triad?
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• distant heart sounds
• hypotension • JVD |
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A fall in BP greater than 10 mm Hg during inspiration is known as __________.
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pulsus pardoxus
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A beat-to-beat alternating height of the QRS complex is known as _________.
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electrical alterans
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What murmur is describe as a high-pitched apical blowing holosystolic murmur radiating to the axilla?
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mitral regurgitation
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Which sign is the failure of jugular venous pressure to fall during inspiration?
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Kussmaul's sign
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What is the most common valvular disorder?
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mitral valve prolapse
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This is an apical diastolic rumble heard in aortic regurgitation
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Austin Flint Murmur
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What is the most common cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy?
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Amyloidosis
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Tocainide (Tonocard) has been shown to be most useful in treatment of this condition
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chronic PVCs
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