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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What drugs cause ototoxicity
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aminoglycosides like erythromycin
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Which is is beta hemolytic - staph or strep
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staph aureus is beta hemolytic
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_____ on the mouth causes endocarditis
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strep viridans
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What bacteria is associated with rheumatic fever?
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step pyogenes
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Symptoms of rheumatic fever
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•Abdominal pain
•Fever •Heart (cardiac) problems, which may not have symptoms, or may result in shortness of breath and chest pain •Joint pain, arthritis (mainly in the knees, elbows, ankles, and wrists) •Joint swelling; redness or warmth •Nosebleeds (epistaxis) •Skin nodules •Skin rash (erythema marginatum) •Skin eruption on the trunk and upper part of the arms or legs •Eruptions that look ring-shaped or snake-like •Sydenham chorea (emotional instability, muscle weakness and quick, uncoordinated jerky movements that mainly affect the face, feet, and hands) |
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What bacteria are rod shaped
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, clostridium, corynebacterium, listeria
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What causes floppy baby syndrome
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eating honey
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what bacteria causes pseudomembranous colitis
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Clostridium difficile
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What are the symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis
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•Abdominal cramps (mild to severe)
•Bloody stools •Fever •Urge to have a bowel movement •Watery diarrhea (often five to 10 times per day) |
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What antibioitcs can cause pseudomembranous colitis
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Ampicillin, clindamycin, and cephalosporins
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Treatment of pseudomembranous colitis
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Metronidazole is usually used to treat the disorder, but vancomycin or rifaximin may also be used
give electrolytes and fluids for diarrhea |
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Shape of vibrio cholerae
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comma shaped
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What bacteria causes whooping cough
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bordatella pertussis
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What causes Lyme disease
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Ixodes tick bite with borrellia burdorfei bacteria
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What causes hot tub folliculitis
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pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Stages of syphillis
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Primary syphilis is the first stage. Painless sores ( chancres) form at the site of infection about 2-3 weeks after you are first infected. You may not notice the sores or any symptoms, particularly if the sores are inside the rectum or cervix. The sores disappear in about 4-6 weeks, even without treatment. The bacteria become dormant (inactive) in your system at this stage.
Secondary syphilis occurs about 2-8 weeks after the first sores form. About 33% of those who do not have their primary syphilis treated will develop this second stage. These symptoms will often also go away without treatment and again, the bacteria become dormant (inactive) in your system. Tertiary syphilis is the final stage of syphilis. The infection spreads to the brain, nervous system, heart, skin, and bones. The dormant bacteria may be detectable either by seeing the damage they cause to a part of the body, or through a blood test for syphilis. |
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treatment of syphillis
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penicillin G benzathine, doxycycline, or tetracycline
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what is Ghon's complex
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Ghon's complex is a lesion seen in the lung that is caused by tuberculosis. The lesions consist of a calcified focus of infection and an associated lymph node
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When do you see Ghon's complex, fibrocaseous lesions?
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Ghon's complex - primary TB
Fibrocaseous lesions - secondary TB |
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Mycobacterium avium is associated with what disease
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AIDS
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How do you treat oral thrush, what is it associated with
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. Nystatin for superficial, amphtericin B for systemic
Associated with AIDs |
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What are argyle robertson pupils
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Argyll Robertson pupils (“AR pupils”) are bilateral small pupils that constrict when the patient focuses on a near object (they “accommodate”), but do not constrict when exposed to bright light (they do not “react” to light). Associated with tertiary syphilis
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In syphilis where do you get cankers and rashes
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palms and soles
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What bacteria causes syphilis?
It is best seen by? |
Treponema palidum
best seen on darkfield microscopy |
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Tetralogy of Fallot
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Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a congenital heart defect which is classically understood to involve four anatomical abnormalities (although only three of them are always present). It is the most common cyanotic heart defect, and the most common cause of blue baby syndrome
- pulmonary stenosis, ventral septal defect, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy. Also has boot shaped heart. symptoms include cyanosis, clubbing of digits, tet spells |
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Monckeberg's calcifications
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Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis, also called medial calcific sclerosis, is a form of arteriosclerosis or vessel hardening, where calcium deposits form in the middle layer of the walls of medium sized vessels (the tunica media) It is often not clinical unless it is severe
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Arteriscleroisis
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Arteriscleroisis – thickeneing of small arteries, seen in hypertension, associated with onion skinning and malignant hypertension.
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Complications of MI
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. left ventricular failures, pulmonary edema, friction rub. Cardiac arrhythmia.
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what chemical is elevated a few days after an MI?
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, traponin elevated for a few days after heart attack
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Blood tests for MI
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•Troponin I and troponin T
•CPK and CPK-MB •Serum myoglobin |
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Restrictive cardiomyopathy
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In restrictive cardiomyopathy, the heart is of normal size or only slightly enlarged. However, it cannot relax normally during the time between heartbeats when the blood returns from the body to the heart (diastole).
Later in the disease, the heart may not pump blood efficiently. The abnormal heart function can affect the lungs, liver, and other body systems. Restrictive cardiomyopathy may affect either or both ventricles. It may be associated with a disease of the heart muscle. The most common causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy are amyloidosis and scarring of the heart from an unknown cause (idiopathic myocardial fibrosis). It frequently occurs after a heart transplant. Other causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy include: •Carcinoid heart disease •Diseases of the heart lining (endocardium), such as endomyocardial fibrosis and Loeffler's syndrome (rare) •Iron overload (hemochromatosis) •Radiation fibrosis •!!!!Sarcoidosis!!!! •Scleroderma •Tumors of the heart |
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Heart murmur’s – patent ductus arteriosus
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machine like murmur.
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
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– involves interventricular septum, usuallysomeone’s young, playing basketball or whaterver hten just collapses. Loud S4
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Aortic regurgitation
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Aortic regurgitation is the diastolic flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle. Regurgitation is due to incompetence of the aortic valve or any disturbance of the valvular apparatus
!!!wide pulse pressure, flow murmur |
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Aortic stenosis murmur
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crescendo,decrescendo
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most common type of heart tumor
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Heart tumors – metastasis is most common type of tumor.
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Virchow’s triad
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Virchow’s triad. Stasis, hypercoagualability, endothelial damage
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aschkoff bodies associated with ?
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rheumatic fever
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what drug causes reversible lupus like symptoms
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procainamide
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class I A antiarrhytmics
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fast-channel blockers
Quinidine Procainamide Disopyramide (Na+) channel block Ventricular arrhythmias prevention of paroxysmal recurrent atrial fibrillation (triggered by vagal overactivity) procainamide in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome |
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Ib
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Lidocaine
Phenytoin Mexiletine (Na+) channel block treatment and prevention during and immediately after myocardial infarction, though this practice is now discouraged given the increased risk of asystole ventricular tachycardia atrial fibrillation |
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Ic
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Flecainide
Propafenone Moricizine (Na+) channel block prevents paroxysmal atrial fibrillation treats recurrent tachyarrhythmias of abnormal conduction system. contraindicated immediately post-myocardial infarction. |
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Beta-blockers
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Propranolol
Esmolol Timolol Metoprolol!!!! Atenolol Bisoprolol decrease myocardial infarction mortality prevent recurrence of tachyarrhythmias |
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K+ channel blocker
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Amiodarone
Sotalol Ibutilide Dofetilide Dronedarone E-4031 In Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (sotalol:) ventricular tachycardias and atrial fibrillation (Ibutilide:) atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation |
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Ca2+ channel blocker
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Verapamil
Diltiazem prevent recurrence of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia reduce ventricular rate in patients with atrial fibrillation |
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adenosine and digoxin are used in?
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Used in supraventricular arrhythmias, especially in Heart Failure with Atrial Fibrillation, contraindicated in ventricular arrhythmias.
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is used to treat digoxin toxicity?
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magnesium
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used to diagnose AV node arrhythmias.
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adenosine
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Direct Coombs test, is used to test for
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for autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
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Side effects of – methyldopa
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positive coombs test
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side effect of clonidine
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rebound hypertension
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side effect of zosyn
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1st dose causes orthostatic hypertension.
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side effect of Hydrolazine
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– lupus like side effects
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Minoxidil – side effects
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hypertrichosis
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Conn’s syndrome is casued by ...
It Causes... |
Conn’s syndrome is casued by hyper aldosteronism. Cause hypertension, hypokalemia, low plasma rennin.
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Coffee ground vomitus.
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. Mallory weiss tear
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