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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who are the First Generation H1 Blockers?
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Diphenhydramine
Dimenhydrinate Chlorpheniramine |
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Clinical Uses of 1st Gen H1 blockers?
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Allergy
Motion Sickness Sleep Aid Can also help w/ Parkinson's b/c of M-blocking capability |
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SE's of First Gen H1 Blockers?
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Sedation
AntiMuscarinic Anti-Alpha-Adrenergic |
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Who are the 2nd Gen H1 blockers?
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Loratadine*
Fexofenadine* Desloratadine Cetirizine |
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Clinical Uses for 2nd Gen H1 blockers?
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just allergies
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SE's of 2nd gen H1 blockers?
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Much less sedation that 1st gen
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What two directions is Asthma Rx directed at?
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Inflammatory Process
Sympathetic Tone |
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7 Types of Drugs that can be used for Asthma?
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Nonspecific Beta agonists
Beta2 agonists Methylxanthines Muscarinic Antagonists Cromolyn Corticosteroids Antileukotrienes |
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Example of a Nonspecific Beta Agonist for asthma? SE?
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Isoproterenol
the beta 2 activity relaxes bronchial smooth muscle the beta 1 activity causes tachycardia |
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Examples of Beta 2 agonists? uses?
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Albuterol: short acting for acute use
Salmeterol: long acting agent for prophylaxis |
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SE of Salmeterol?
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Tremor
Arrhythmia |
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example of Methylxanthines?
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Theophylline
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How does Theophylline work?
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Likely causes bronchodilation by inhibiting PDE--> dec cAMP hydrolysis
Inhibits Adenosine which prevents bronchoconstriction |
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Why is it tough to use Theophylline?
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Narrow Therpeutic Index
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Example of a M-Blocker for asthma? why?
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Ipratropium
Prevents bronchoconstriction |
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MOA of Cromolyn?
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Prevents release of mediators from mast cells
Only good a prophylaxis |
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Examples of Corticosteroids for asthma?
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Beclomethasone
Prednisone |
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MOA of corticosteroids in asthma?
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Inhibits synthesis of all cytokines
Inactivates NF-kappaB, the transcription factor that induces production of TNF-alpha (and other infl agents) 1st line therapy for chronic asthma |
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WHo are the Antileukotrienes?
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Zileuton
Zafirlukast, Montelukast |
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Who are M-blocker inhalers used more commonly in?
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COPD pts w/ asthma
Pts w/ CV disease |
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SE of inhaled Corticosteroids?
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Oropharyngeal Candidiasis
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MOA for Zileuton?
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5-lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor
Blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes |
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MOA of Zafirlukast (and montelukast)?
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Antagonists at LTD4 receptors (leukotriene receptors)
Esp good for aspirin-induced asthma |
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Who are the Expectorants?
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Guaifenesin (robitussin)
N-acetylcysteine |
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Fxn of Robitussin?
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Removes excess sputum, but requires large doses
Doesn't suppress cough reflex |
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Fxn of N-acetylcysteine?
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Mucolytic--->loosen plugs in CF pts
also antidote of acetaminophen OD |
