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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Heart sounds in ASD?
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Prominent RV Cardiac Impulse
Systolic ejection murmur 2nd Heart sound c a fixed split |
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Colloid Cyst description
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Derived from embryonic misplaced endodermal epithelium. Therefor, mucin producing cilliated cells are present
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Heart sounds for Aortic Stenosis
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Systolic ejection murmur
Creshendo/Decreshendo |
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Cortisol effect on gluconeogenesis of hepatocytes
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Cortisol= Steroid Hormone therefor it will enter the cell and work on gene expression.
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Tetracyclin and Antibiotics
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They bind in the Gut preventing Tetracyclin from being absorbed.
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Median N. origination from Brachial Plexus
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Lateral and medial cords
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Musculocutanous N. origination from the Brachial Plexus?
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Lateral Cord
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Target Cells???
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RBC c peripherally dense rim of Hb enclosing a zone of pallor
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HLA A3
HLA B27 HLA DR2+ HLA DR3 HLA DR3 HLA DR3 + HLA DR4 HLA DR4 |
A3: Primary Hemochromatosis
B27: Psoriasis, Ankylosising Spondilysis, IBD and Reiters Syndrome DR2+DR3: SLE DR3: Sjogren's Syndrome, Chronic Hepatitis DR3 + DR4: DM type I HLA DR4: RA |
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Life span for an Edward's Baby (Trisomy 18)
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2-3mo
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Resection of the Ileum will do what to Ca and PO4 and Vit D?
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Decreased ability to reabsorb bile salts --> Decreased Vit D --> Decreased Ca and PO4
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Entomeba Histolytica cysts?
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Cysts c 4 nuclei
Granular, spherical thin walled cysts form |
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Stimulation of the afferent part of CN IX adn X will..?
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IX (Carotid sinus), X (Aortic Arch baroreceptor)
Stimulation of either will make body think that there is HTN --> Bradycardia and reflex hypotension |
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Lymphatics of the lower limb
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Most --> Long Saphonous V --> Inguinal Ligaments
Exception: SKin on Lateral side of the dorsum of the foot --> Short Saphonous V. --> Lymph in Popliteal Fossa. |
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Chromosome of DCC gene and DPC gene?
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Chromo 18
DCC: Colon Ca DPC: Pancreatic Ca |
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Chromosome of BRCA, NFI, NFII, p53?
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BRCA --> 17q
NFI --> 17q NFII --> 22q p53 --> 17p |
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What does Herpes of the Esophagus look like?
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punched out ulcers of the esophagus
Bx: glassy intranuclear eosinophilic inclusion bodies |
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What does CMV Esophagitis look like on BX?
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purple intranuclear inclusions c granular cytoplasmic inclusions (Lg cell size!)
Still Ulcerate like Herpes though |
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Name different phases of ovarian follicle development?
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1. Primordial
2. Primary 3. Secondary 4. Graafian 5. Corpus Luteum |
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What does hyperresonance of the chest wall signify?
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PNEUMOTHORAX
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What meiotic phase are Primordial Follicles frozen in?
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arrested in diplotene stage of 1st meiotic division.
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MOA of Methyldopa?
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DOC: HTN in PREGOS
converted to alpha-methylnorepinephrine (alpha2 agonist). When it goes to the Medulla it decreases the sympathetic output and thus decreases BP. |
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What happens when you decrease Na intake?
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You decrease extracellular fluid volume --> Decreasing arterial pressure --> Increasing renin release
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Why cant you give ACE (-) and ARBS to PREGOS?
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(-prils and -sartans)
they will injure the fetus -hypotension -skull hypoplasia -anuria -RF -death |
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What Hb do Beta-Thalassemia pts have? And what is the defect?
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AR
HbA2 and HbF defect is in transcription, processing, or translation of the Beta globulin mRNA. |
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What is critical to removing Immune Complexes?
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C3b!!!
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What is a volvulus?
And what part of the colon is most likely to do this? |
Twisting of the intestine to cause and obstruction
Sigmoid Colon: no posterior peritoneal membrane to hold it to the wall |
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What is Carnitine used for?
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(lysine is methylated to become Carnitine)
It is essencial for the transport of Long Chain FA into the mitochondria |
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What tumor is KS similar to?
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Similar to Angiosarcoma. Proliferation of stromal cells and endothelium to create vascular channels c blood cells.
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How can a pt get multiple clots in their brain from a DVT???
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They have a R --> L Shunt though a patent FORAMEN OVALE.
This is common believe it or not!!! |
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Reiter's Syndrome
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-Acute Onset Arthritis
-Lower jts MC affected -Dactylitis (sausage fingers/toes) -Spinal pain and Low back pain -Conjunctivitis, urethritis, diarrhea, skin lesions -HLA-B27 (+) 75% pts Cx agents: Shigella, Salmonella, Yersinia, Campylobacter jejuni, Chlamidia -Young Males |
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Benign Paracortical expansion and scattered Multinucleated giant cells c eosinophilic cytoplasm and inclusion bodies
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Warthin-Finkeldey
***PATHOPNEUMONIC for Measles or Live Attn Vacination -Created by fusion of lymphocytes |
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G(-) diplococci
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Neisseria or Moroxella
Neisseria meningitidis: rapid onset of meningitis...fever, headache, malaise |
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Pts c Lyme and Persistant Arthritis from Untx Lyme
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Tend to be HLA-DR4 Class II MHC molecules
HLA-B27 is associated with Reactive Arthritis |
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2 bacteria that can cx short term (c in 2 hrs) Food Poisoning
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Staph Aureus and Bacillius Cerrus (reheated rice!)
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Difference between S. Aureus Food Poisoning and C. Botulinum Food Poisoning?
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S. aureus --> HS Toxin, Fast onset
C. botulinum --> HL Toxin, neurologic symptoms!` |
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Babesia microti
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1 wk incubation
Eastern Seaboard Intraerythrocyte Parasite Related to Plasmodium |
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Most impt body mechanism for clearing S. pneumoniae and other extracelluar organisms
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COMPLEMENT MEDIATED OPSONIZATION
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ADCC Cells
Antibody dependent Cell Cytotoxicity |
NK Cells that destroy viral cells and tumor cells
Our cells coated in Ab |
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Cytotoxic T Cells
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Only rxt c cells that have Ag epitopes presented c MHC I molecules
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LAK Cells
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NK cells that are activated by IL-2 (Superactive NK Cells)
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NK Cells
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destroy viral infected cells and tumor cells.
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DNA Viruses...
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Parva's Papa Adds Her Poxes to Hepa
Parvovirdae Papavirdae Adenovirdae Herpevirdae Poxvirdae Hepadnavirdae (all are Nuclear Replicators except Pox because it is sooo big it brings all of its own rep material with it and does it in the Cytoplasm!) |
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Picornavirus...
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(+) RNA
PEE Co Rn A Polio ECHO Entero Coxsackie Rhino HepA |
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Why can Influenza undergo Genetic Shift so easily???
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Because it has a segmented GENOME
This leads to PANDEMICS |
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Yersinia Pestis Presentation
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-Rural Area
-Unconsious c severe Bronchopneumonia -Sudden onset of Chills, fever, headache -Days later: chest pain, difficulty breathing, blood tinged sputum CXR: Patchy infiltrated c segmental consolidation |
