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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who is the normal dominant flora of our skin?
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Staph epidermidis
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Who is the normal dominant flora of our nose?
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Staph epidermidis; colonized by Staph aureus
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Who is the normal dominant flora of our Oropharynx?
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Viridans group strep
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Who is the normal dominant flora of our dental plaque?
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Strep mutans
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Who is the normal dominant flora of our Colon?
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Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
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Who is the normal dominant flora of the vagina?
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Lactobacillus
Colonized by E. coli and group B strep |
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Who causes food poisoning?
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Vibrio parahaemolyticus and vulnificus
Bacillus cereus Staph aureus Clostridium perfringens Clostridium botulinum E. coli O157:H7 Salmonella |
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Where can you get Vibrio parahaemolyticus or Vibrio vulnificus from?
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Contaminated seafood
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Besides ingesting it, how else can you get Vibrio vulnificus?
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wound contact w/ contaminated water or shellfish
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Where can you get Bacillus cereus?
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reheated rice
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How do you get food poisoning from Staph aureus?
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Meats
Mayo Custard preformed toxin |
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How do you get food poisoning from Clostridium perfringens?
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reheated meat dishes
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How do you get food poisoning from Clostridium botulinum?
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improperly canned foods (bulging cans)
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How do you get food poisoning from E. coli O157:H7?
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undercooked meat
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How do you get food poisoning from Salmonella?
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poultry
meat eggs |
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Which kind of food poisoning starts and ends QUICKLY?
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Staph aureus
Bacillus cereus |
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Which bugs cause Bloody Diarrhea?
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Campylobacter
Salmonella Shigella Enterohemorrhagic E. coli Enteroinvasive E. coli Yersinia enterocolitica C. difficile Entamoeba histolytica |
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Who causes Watery Diarrhea?
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Enterotoxigenic E. coli
Vibrio cholerae C. perfringens C. difficile (both) Protozoa Viruses |
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Who causes bloody diarrhea AND pseudoappendicitis AND can cause day care outbreaks?
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Yersinia enterocolitica
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Who causes Traveler's Diarrhea?
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Enterotoxigenic E. coli
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Which protozoa usually cause watery diarrhea? when?
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Giardia
Cryptosporidium (in immunocomp) |
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Which viruses can cause watery diarrhea?
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Rota
Adeno Norwalk (noro) |
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Who causes pneumonia in Neonates (under 4 wks)?
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GBS
E. coli |
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Who causes pneumonia in kids (4wk-18yr)?
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Viruses (RSV)
Mycoplasma Chlamydia pneumoniae Strep pneumoniae Runts May Cough Sputum |
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Who causes pneumonia in young adults (18-40)?
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Mycoplasma
C. pneumonia S. pneumonia |
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Who causes pneumonia in older adults (40-65)?
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S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae Anaerobes Viruses Mycoplasma |
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Who causes pneumonia in Elderly?
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S. pneumoniae
Viruses Anaerobes H. influenzae Gram-neg rods |
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Who causes nosocomial pneumonia?
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Staphylococcus
Enteric Gram-Negative Rods |
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Who causes pneumonia in immunocomp pts?
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Staphylococcus
Enteric Gram-Neg Rods Fungi Viruses |
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Who causes pneumonia in HIV pts?
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All the rest
Pneumocystis jiroveci |
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Who causes aspiration pneumonia?
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Anaerobes
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Who causes pneumonia in alcoholic/IVDU's?
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S. pneumoniae
Klebsiella Staphylococcus |
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Who causes pneumonia in CF pts?
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Pseudomonas
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Who causes postviral pneumonia?
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Staphylococcus
H. influenzae |
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Who causes atypical pneumonia?
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Mycoplasma
Legionella Chlamydia |
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Who causes meningitis in Newborns (0-6mo)?
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GBS
E. coli** Listeria |
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Who causes meningitis in kids (6mo-6yr)?
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Strep pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitidis H. influenzae type B Enteroviruses |
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Who causes meningitis in people 6-60?
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N. meningitidis
Enteroviruses S. pneumoniae HSV |
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Who causes meningitis in elderly?
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S. pneumoniae
G-Neg Rods Listeria |
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Who are the viral causes of meningitis?
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Entero's (esp coxsackie)
HSV HIV West Nile VZV |
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Who are the special HIV causes of meningitis?
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Cryptococus
CMV Toxo JC virus (PML) |
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CSF findings for Meningitis
Pressure, Cell Type, Protein, Sugar BACTERIAL? |
Inc Pressure
Inc PMN's Inc Protein Dec Glucose |
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CSF findings for Meningitis
Pressure, Cell Type, Protein, Sugar Fungal/TB??? |
Inc Pressure
Inc Lymphocytes Inc Protein Dec Glucose |
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CSF findings for Meningitis
Pressure, Cell Type, Protein, Sugar VIRAL?? |
normal or Inc Pressure
Inc Lymphocytes Normal or Inc Protein Normal Glucose |
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For most people, who causes Osteomyelitis?
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Staph aureus
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For the sexually active, who causes Osteomyelitis?
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N. gonorrhoeae rarely does...more often causes septic arthritis
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For diabetics and drug addicts who else causes Osteomyelitis?
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Pseudomonas
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For Sicklers, who else causes Osteomyelitis?
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Salmonella***
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For people w/ a prosthetic replacement, who else causes Osteomyelitis?
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Staph aureus and epidermidis
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Who causes verterbral osteomelitis?
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Pott's)
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Who can cause osteomyelitisthanks to dog/cat bites/scratches?
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Pasteurella multocida
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E. coli is number 1, but whose number 2 for causing UTI's in normal folks?
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Klebsiella (8-10%)
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Whose number two for UTI's in young. sexually active, ambulatory women?
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Staph saprophyticus (10-30%)
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Besides E. coli, who causes nosocomial UTI's?
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Proteus
Klebsiella Serratia Pseudomonas |
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Predisposing factors for UTI's/
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obstruction
kidney surgery catheters gyn abnormalities Diabetes preggers |
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UTI's in males babies/elderly?
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young males and babies: congenital defects
elderly; BPH |
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Sx's of UTI?
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Dysuria
Frequency Urgency Suprapubic pain (variable) |
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Sx's of Pyelonephritis?
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Fever
Chills Flank Pain CVA Tenderness |
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Mnemonic for UTI Bugs?
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SSEEK PP
Serratia marcescens Staph saprophyticus Escherichia coli Enterbacter cloacae Klebsiella pneumoniae Proteus mirabilis Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
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Kickers for Serratia marcescens?
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Red pigment
Often nosocomial and drug resistant |
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Kickers for UTI E. coli colonies?
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Metallic sheen on EMB agar
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What makes Klebsiella and UTI's work so well together?
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Large mucoid capsule and viscous colonies
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Kickers for Proteus mirabilis UTI's?
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"swarming" on agar
Produces Urease Associated w/ Struvite Stones |
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Pseudomonas and UTI kickers/
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Blue-green pigment and fruity odor
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What's up with the ToRCHeS infections?
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Infections Tx in utero or during vaginal birth
Toxo Rubella CMV HIV and HSV type 2 Syphilis |
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Who else could fall into the TORCHES category?
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Listeria
E. coli GBS |
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Toxo Triad?
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Chorioretinitis
Intracranial calcifications Hydrocephalus can be asymptomatic at birth |
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Sx's of congenital Rubella?
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Deaf
Cataracts Heart Defects (PDA, Pulm Art stenosis) Microcephaly MR Blueberry Muffin Baby from rash |
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Congenital CMV Sx's?
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Petechial Rash
Intracranial Calcifications MR Hepatosplenomegaly Microcephaly Jaundice 90% asymptomatic at birth |
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Congenital HIV Sx's?
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Hepatosplenomegaly
Neuro abnormalities Frequent Infections |
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Congenital HSV 2 Sx's?
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Encephalitis
Conjunctivitis Vesicular skin lesions |
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Congenital Syphilis Sx's?
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Cutaneous lesions
Hepatosplenomegaly Jaundice Saddle Nose Saber Shins Hutchinson Teeth CN VIII deafness Rhinitis (snuffles) |
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Red Rashes of Childhood?
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Measles
Rubella HHV-6 (roseola) Scarlet Fever (Group A Strep) Parvo B19 (slapped cheek rash) |
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Clinical features of Gonorrhea?
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Urethritis
Cervicitis PID Prostatitis Epididymitis Arthritis Creamy Purulent Discharge |
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Clinical features of Chlamydia?
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Urethritis
Cervicitis Conjunctivitis Reiter's Syndrome PID |
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What is Reiter's Syndrome?
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Arthritis
Redness of Eyes UT signs |
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Who causes Chlamydia?
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Chlamydia trachomatis (D-K)
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What other types of Chlamydia spp are there and what do they cause?
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C. trachomatis (L1-L3)
Lymphogranuloma venereum |
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Clinical features of Lymphogranuloma venereum?
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Ulcers
Lymphadenopathy Rectal Strictures |
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What causes "strawberry colored mucosa"?
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Trichomonas vaginalis
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Who causes Condylomata acuminata and what are the Sx's?
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HPV 6 and 11
Genital warts Koilocytes |
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Who causes Chancroid and what are its Sx's?
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Haemophilus ducreyi
PAINFUL ulcer Inguinal adenopathy |
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Who causes bacterial vaginosis? sx's?
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Gardnerella vaginalis
Noninflammatory, malodorous discharge (fishy) Positive whiff test Clue cells |
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Top bugs for PID?
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Chlamydia trachomatis (subacute, often undx)
N. gonorrhea (acute, high fever) |
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What is the most common STD in the US?
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Chlamydia
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How to Dx Chlamydia?
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Cervical Motion Tenderness (chandelier sign)
Purulent Cervical Discharge |
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What can PID also include?
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Salpingitis
Endometritis Hydrosalpinx Tubo-ovarian abscess |
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What can PID lead to?
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Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome
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what the crap is Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome?
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Infection of liver capsule and "violin string" adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
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What is Salpingitis a risk factor for?
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Ectopic pregnancy
Infertility Chronic pelvic pain Adhesions |
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Who are the 2 most common causes of Nosocomial infections?
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E. coli (UTI)
Staph aureus (wounds) |
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Who causes nosocomial infections in the newborn nursery?
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CMV
RSV |
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Who infects respiratory equipment?
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Pseudomonas
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What is the common nosocomial infection of the renal dialysis unit?
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HBV
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Bug Hints (if all else fails)
Pus, empyema, abscess = ? |
Staph aureus
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Bug Hints (if all else fails)
Pediatric Infection = ? |
Haemophilus influenzae (including epiglottitis)
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Bug Hints (if all else fails)
Burn infection/ |
Pseudomonas
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Bug Hints (if all else fails)
Branching rods in oral infection? |
Actinomyces israelii
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Bug Hints (if all else fails)
Traumatic open wound? |
Clostridium perfringens
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Bug Hints (if all else fails)
Surgical wound? |
staph aureus
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Bug Hints (if all else fails)
dog or cat bite? |
Pasteurella multocida
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Bug Hints (if all else fails)
Currant jelly sputum |
Klebsiella
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Bug Hints (if all else fails)
Sepsis/meningitis in newborn? |
Group B Strep (agalactiae)
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