Board I C

Front 1

all transaminases require the coenzyme

Back 1

pryidoxal phosphate (PLP)

Front 2

transamination rxn

Back 2

nitrogen is transferred from one amino acid to another in catabolism of aa

Front 3

oxidative deamination

Back 3

liberation of the amino group as free ammonia NH3

Front 4

anterior spinothalamic asc tract

Back 4

conducts sensory impulses for touch and pressure

Front 5

lateral spinothalamic asc tract

Back 5

conducts pain and temperature impulses

Front 6

fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus asc tract

Back 6

conducts sensory impulses from skin, muscles, tendons, and joints, also fine touch localization

Front 7

posterior spinocerebellar asc tract

Back 7

conducts sensory impulses from one side of body to same side of cerebellum for subconscious proprioception

Front 8

anterior corticospinal descending tract & lateral corticospinal dsc tract

Back 8

conducts motor impulses from cerebrum to spinal nerves and outward through anterior horns for coordinated movements

Front 9

tectospinal dsc tract

Back 9

conducts motor impulses to cells of anterior horns and eventually to muscles that move the head

Front 10

rubrospinal dsc tract

Back 10

conducts motor impulses concerned with muscle tone and posture

Front 11

vestibulospinal dsc tract

Back 11

conducts motor impulses that regulate body tone and posture (equilibrium) in response to movements of head

Front 12

anterior and medial and lateral reticulospinal dsc tract

Back 12

conducts motor impulses that control ms tone and sweat gladn activity

Front 13

embden-meyerhof pathway

Back 13

specific glycolytic pathway by which glucose is converted to lactic acid, most common pathway used by large number of anaerobic and facultative anaerobic. oral bacteria use this pathway.2ATP generated per glucose

Front 14

Entner-Doudoroff pathway

Back 14

glycolytic pathway used by many aerobic bacteria, only one ATP per glucose

Front 15

glucosuria

Back 15

presence of glucose in urine, can be caused by low insulin lvl, high blood sugar lvl, impaired tubular reasbsorption, or high glomerular filtration rate

Front 16

reducing sugars contain

Back 16

a free anomeric carbon that can be oxidized, the oxygen on the anomeric carbon (the carbonyl group) of a sugar is not attached to any other structure

Front 17

reducing sugars ex

Back 17

lactose, maltose, glucose, galactose and fructose

Front 18

sucrose

Back 18

is NOT a reducing sugar

Front 19

Cushing's syndrome

Back 19

an abnormal bodily condition that is caused by excess corticosteroids and especially cortisol usually from adrenal or pituitary hyperfunction and that is characterized by a variety of signs and symptoms including especially a change in appearance marked by moon facies with plethora, obesity, easy bruising, slow wound healing, and hypokalemia

Front 20

metabolic acidosis

Back 20

blood acidity by low lvl of bicarbonate in blood. major causes: chronic renal failure, diabetic ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis, poisons and diarrhea

Front 21

respiratory acidosis

Back 21

blood acidity by buildup of CO2. major causes: hypoventilation, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, severe pneumonia, pulmonary edema, and asthma

Front 22

emphysema

Back 22

a condition of the lung that is marked by distension and eventual rupture of the alveoli with progressive loss of pulmonary elasticity, that is accompanied by shortness of breath with or without cough, and that may lead to impairment of heart action

Front 23

metabolic alkalosis

Back 23

high lvl of bicarbonate. major causes: vomiting acidic gastric contents or ingesting alkaline drugs

Front 24

repiratory alkalosis

Back 24

low blood CO2 lvl. major causes: hyperventilation (from anxiety), pain, cirrhosis of the liver, low lvls of O2 in the blood (high attitude), and aspirin overdose * much less common than resp acidosis

Front 25

gaucher's dz

Back 25

disorder of lipid metabolism caused by a deficiency of glucocerebrosidase so mononuclear phagocytes accumulate glucocerebrosides (glycosingolipid), enlargement of spleen and liver

Front 26

liposes

Back 26

lipid storage diseases caused by abnormalities in the enzymes that break down fats

Front 27

niemann-pick disease

Back 27

accumulate sphingomyelin, enlargement of liver, spleen, anemia, fever, death by 3

Front 28

tay-sachs dz

Back 28

accumulate gangliosides in neurons, most common form of liposes, jewish, CNS degen, death by 4

Front 29

hurler's syndrome

Back 29

accumulate haparin sulfate and dermatan sulfate in heart, liver, brain, dwarfism, mental retard, death by 10

Front 30

black urin is a common finding in people with

Back 30

alkaptonuria

Front 31

alkaptonuria

Back 31

failure to catabolize tyrosine beyond the intermediate homogenistic acid, which is excreted in the urine and makes it appear black, no serious ill effects

Front 32

albinism

Back 32

failure to convert tyrosine to melanin as a result of a deficiency of the enzyme, tyrosinase

Front 33

phenylketonuria (PKU)

Back 33

accumulate phenylalanine toxic to brain tissue, mental retardation

Front 34

cystinuria

Back 34

excessive urinary excretion of cystine and other aa, caused by a defect in the renal tubules that impair reabsorption of these aa

Front 35

a-ketoglutarate

Back 35

gives rise to glutamate, which in turn gives rise to glutamine, proline, arginine

Front 36

3-phsophglycerate

Back 36

gives rise to serine, which in turn gives rise to glycine and cysteine

Front 37

oxaloacetate

Back 37

gives rise to aspartate, which in turn gives rise to asparagine, methionine, threonine, and lysine

Front 38

pyruvate

Back 38

gives rise to alanine, valine, leucine, and isoleucine

Front 39

ribose-5-phosphate

Back 39

gives rise to histidine

Front 40

thiamine

Back 40

vit B1

Front 41

riboflavin

Back 41

vit B2

Front 42

niacin

Back 42

vit B3

Front 43

pantothenic acid

Back 43

vit B5

Front 44

pyridoxine

Back 44

vit B6

Front 45

pyridoxine

Back 45

vit B6

Front 46

cyanocobalamin

Back 46

vit B12