Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
How do tumors present?
|
-headache, seizures and focal deficits, also papilledema
|
|
|
How bad are gliomas and what is the scale range?
|
-the worst! and most common intracranial tumor
-astrocytoma, anapplastic astrocytoma, glioblastoma, oligodendroglioma (best to worst) -grade I astrocytoma grade II anaplastic astrocytoma grade III glioblastoma multiforme |
|
|
For astrocytomas what is the best prognostic indicator? Poorer prognosis of this is affiliated with what? Tx? Prognosis?
|
-young age
-increased intracranial pressure, alteration in consciousness, personality change, severe neurological deficits -surgical excision, in older pts high dose radiation, follow up imaging every 6-12 mos, no chemo needed -prognosis is favorable, but can get progress to higher grade neoplasms over time |
|
|
For anaplasctic astrocytomas, what is the best prognostic indicator? Poorer prognosis of this is affiliated with what? Tx? Prognosis?
|
-young age (but typically occurs in 50's
-can sometimes be of a higher grade unknowingly -surgery, steroids (helps reduce ICP), radiation, chemo (the less differentiated the more aggressive!!) -median survival rate is 3 years, individuals younger than 40 have best prognosis |
|
|
For glioblastoma multiforme what is the best prognostic indicator? Poorer prognosis of this is affiliated with what? Tx? Prognosis?
|
-most frequently diagnosed primary CNS tumor
-course of disease is well defined -usually occursin 60's -short history of neurological symptoms -tx is max debulking of the tumor, high dose radiation along with chemo, monitor with serial MRIs prognosis is poor survuval rate..median survival is less than 1 year. Surgery alone 14-26 weeks, surgery and radiation 40 weeks, surgery radiation and chemo 50 weeks |
|
|
what do oligodendroglioma tuors occur in proportion to? Tx? Prognosis?
|
-occur in proportion to the volume of the white matter (most common in the frontal lobes)
-surgical excision, radiation, chemo -prognosis is greater than five years |
|
|
What are PNET (primitive neuroectodermal tumor) usually a neoplasm of? What is the most common PNET? Where does it usually occur? What is special about it, in relation to gliomas? Tx?
|
-usually a neoplasm of children
-medulloblastoma -typically occurs in the posterior fossa -can metastasize throughout the CNS and even outside -max surgical resection, radiation therapy (whole brain), chemo for recurrence |
|
|
Where do ependymoma tumors arise from? In what age range is it mostly found? What is special about it? Tx?
|
_tumor of young individuals
-arises in the central canal of the SC, filum terminale, as well as white matter adjacent to the ventricular surface -can also spread throughout CNS -surgical resection, radiation therapy, chemo is for recurrence |
|
|
What is the peak age of diagnosis for meningioma? What are two special characteristics about this tumor? Where do these usually occur? tx?
|
-peak age at 45
-these tumors are usually benign, slow growing, and often asymptomatic -in the parasagittal and falx regions -highly calcified and very vascular and look like whirls on microscope -surgical removal, radiation and chemo not usually done, imaging studies should be carried out periodically |
|
|
Primary CNS lymphoma is increased in what type of patients? Typically what type of tumors? What should you check for if you see this tumor? Tx?
|
-immunocomproised patients
-non hodgkins B cell tumors -check for HIV -biopsy ONLY, no resection. Chemo administered intrthecally, steroids for swelling, radiation for relapse |
|
|
What cancer metastasizes to the brain most frequently? Tx?
|
-lung cancer, then breast then colon
-resection of solitary lesion followed by radiation |
|
|
Metastases to the spine can cause?
|
-cord compression resulting in back pain, sensory, level, paralysis, change in bowel/bladder
|
|
|
What do you treat for metastasis to the nervous system?
|
-treat with decadron for imflammation, radiation (if no radiation surgery may be needed)
|
|
|
How would a patient present with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis? (aka neoplastic meningitis) What is the most common cause of these tumors? In children? How to diagnose? Tx?
|
--altered mental status, seizures, multiple CN abnormalities, severe headache
-breast cancer followed by lung cancer and melanoma -lukemia -MRI, CT or lumbar puncture (proteins will be elevated in the CSF!) -chemo |
