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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A drug that increases the force of myocardial contraction is called a ? |
Positive Inotropic agent |
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Adverse effects of indirect acting vasodilators (e.g. clonidine and methyldopa) include ? |
Postural Hypotension |
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3 effects of Digoxin? |
- increased contractility of the heart - decreased heart rate - gastrointestinal disturbances |
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beta 1 receptors... |
Increase Heart Rate |
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What electrolyte imbalance exacerbates digoxin toxicity? |
Hypokalaemia |
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Renal reabsorption of sodium is directly promoted by? |
The hormone aldosterone promotes reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys |
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The enzyme, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), converts? |
angiotensin I to angiotensin II |
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Which antihypertensive requires protection from the light when administered IV? |
Sodium Nitroprusside |
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When taken in combination with digoxin, which of the following increases plasma digoxin concentration? |
Amiodarone |
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The first-line approach for treating hypertension is to use pharmacological agents? T or F |
False |
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ACE inhibitors (e.g. captopril, enalapril) block? |
Conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II |
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Adverse effects of Nitrates include? |
Headaches Nausea or Vomiting Tachycardia |
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Digoxin is a treatment for what? |
Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter Heart Failure |
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When someone is experiencing a Myocardial infarction, what drug is not an essential? |
Asprin. |
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Which hormone is a potent vasoconstrictor? |
Angiotensin II |
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Drugs which cardiac chronotropic effect alter what? |
Heart Rate |
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An increase in intracellular free calcium in the heart muscle will result in what? |
Stronger contractability |
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Name 5 types of antihypertensives |
A- ACE inhibitors B- Beta Blockers C- Calcium channel blockers D- Diuretics E- Endothelial receptor Antgonists |
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Name 2 ACE inhibitors? |
Cilazapril & Enalapril |
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What do angiotensin II receptor blockers do? |
Stop angiotensin II interacting with the receptors to stop vasoconstriction |
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What do Alpha receptor antagonists do? |
Block receptors on vascular smooth muscle to stop vasoconstriction |
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Name an alpha receptor antagonist |
Prazosin or Doxazosin |
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Name a Beta Blocker |
Metoprolol |
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What do beta blockers do? |
Block beta receptors on the heart and, therefore, decrease the force of contraction, reduce HR and SVR |
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What do calcium channel blockers do? |
Inhibit calcium ions into cardiac and smooth muscle cells to decrease force of contractions, decrease spark of AV node, increase coronary artery dilation and reduce SVR |
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Name one calcium channel blocker |
Felodipine |
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How do loop diuretics work? |
Inhibits reabsorption of Na & Chlorine. Water is pulled into the loop by osmotic pressure. |
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Name one loop diuretic? |
Fruzemide |
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Name one adverse effect of loop diuretics? |
Hypokalaemia |
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How do you know if a pt is going into hypokalaemia? |
Blood test, ECG will show T wave as a U wave, irregular HR |
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What are 5 signs of digoxin toxicity? |
Fatigue, Nausea, ⬇️HR, disorientation, disrhythmias |
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Where does warfarin metabolise? |
In the liver |
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What is the antidote to warfarin? How does it work? |
Vitamin K. It is the clotting factor which warfarin inhibits |
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What is the antidote to warfarin? How does it work? |
Vitamin K. It is the clotting factor which warfarin inhibits |
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What is the major safety issue with dabigatran? |
There is no antidote |
