Bms267 Heart

Front 1

The heart rests on the diaphragm, near the midline of the thoracic cavity in the ___________

Back 1

mediastinum

Front 2

The pointed end of the heart is the _______

Back 2

apex

Front 3

The broad portion of the heart opposite the apex is the _______

Back 3

base

Front 4

The _______ surface is deep to the sternum and ribs

Back 4

anterior

Front 5

The inferior surface rests mostly on the ________

Back 5

diaphram

Front 6

The membrane that surrounds and protects the heart is the;

Back 6

pericardium

Front 7

The wall of the heart has three layers:

Back 7

epicardium (visceral layer of the serous pericardium),
myocardium, endocardium

Front 8

The epicardium consists of _________ and _________

Back 8

mesothelium and connective tissue

Front 9

The myocardium is composed of ________ ________ _______

Back 9

cardiac muscle tissue

Front 10

The endocardium consists of __________ and ________ _____

Back 10

endothelium and connective tissue

Front 11

The heart chambers include two superior chambers, the right and left _______ and two inferior chambers, the right and left _________

Back 11

atria
ventricles

Front 12

External features of the heart include:

Back 12

the auricles (flaps on each atrium by the interatrial septum); the coronary sulcus; the atria and ventricles; and posterior sulci

Front 13

This receives blood from the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and coronary sinus

Back 13

The right atrium

Front 14

The right atrium is separated from the left atrium by the _______ _______

Back 14

interatrial septum

Front 15

Blood exits the right atrium through the ______ _______

Back 15

tricuspid valve

Front 16

The right ventricle receives blood from the ______ ______

Back 16

Right atrium

Front 17

The right ventricle is separated from the left ventricle by the ______ _____

Back 17

interventricular septum

Front 18

The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs through the ______ _____ and _____ ____

Back 18

pulmonary valve and pulmonary trunk

Front 19

Oxygenated blood enters the ______ ______ from the ______ _______ and exits through the _______(mitral)_______

Back 19

left atrium
pulmonary veins
bicuspid valve

Front 20

The ______ ______ pumps oxygenated blood into the ______ ______ though the ______ _____ and ______

Back 20

left ventricle
systemic circulation
aortic valve
aorta

Front 21

The thickness of the myocardium of the four chambers varies according to the chamber's function. The ______ ______ has the thickest wall because of its high workload

Back 21

left ventricle

Front 22

The ______ _______ of the heart is dense connective tissue that surrounds and supports the the valves of the heart

Back 22

fibrous skeleton

Front 23

Heart valves prevent ________ of blood within the heart

Back 23

backflow

Front 24

The _______(AV)______, which lie between the atria and ventricles, are the ______ _____ on the right side of the heart and the _______ (mitral)______ on the left

Back 24

atrioventricular valves
tricuspid valve
bicuspid valve

Front 25

The ______ ______ and ______ muscles stabilize the flaps of the AV valves and stop blood from backing into the atria

Back 25

chordae tendineae
papillary

Front 26

Each of the two arteries tht leaves the heart has a ________ _____ (aortic and pulmonary)

Back 26

semilunar valve

Front 27

The left side of the heart is the pump for the _______ ________

Back 27

systemic circulation

Front 28

The circulation of blood throughout the body except for the air sac of the lungs is;

Back 28

Systemic circulation

Front 29

The left ventricle ejects blood into the aorta, and blood then flows into ______ ______, ______, ________, ________, and ______, which carry it back to the right atrium

Back 29

systemic arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins

Front 30

The right side of the heart is the pump for ______ ______, the circulation of blood through the lungs.

Back 30

pulmonary circulation

Front 31

The right ventricle ejects blood into the pulmonary trunk, and blood flows into _______ ____, _______ ______, and ______ ______, which carry it back the left atrium.

Back 31

pulmonary arteries, pulmonary capillaries, and pulmonary veins

Front 32

The flow of blood through the heart is called the ______(cardiac)______

Back 32

coronary circulation

Front 33

The principle arteries of the coronary circulation are the left and right _______ ______

Back 33

coronary arteries

Front 34

The principle veins ar the ______ vein and the _______ ______

Back 34

cardiac vein, coronary sinus

Front 35

______ _____ form the conduction system; these are cardiac muscle fibers that spontaneously generate action potentials

Back 35

autorhythmic cells

Front 36

components of the conduction system are the ______(SA)_____ (pacemaker),______(AV)_______, ________(AV)_______, _______ _______, and _________ ______(purkine fibers)

Back 36

sinoatrial node
atrioventricular node
atrioventricular bundle
bundle branches
conduction myofibers

Front 37

The record of electrical changes during the course of cardiac cycles is called an ___________(ECG)

Back 37

electrocardiogram

Front 38

A cardiac cycle consists of ________(contraction) and ______(relaxation) of both artria, and both ventricles

Back 38

systole and diastole

Front 39

The phases of the cardiac cycle are ________ _____, ________ _____, ________ _____.

Back 39

relaxation period, ventricular filling, ventricular systole

Front 40

The heart develops from

Back 40

mesoderm

Front 41

What is the mediastinum?

Back 41

The mediastinum is the mass of tissue that extends from the sternum to the vertebral column between the pleurae of the lungs.

Front 42

Which layer is both part of the pericardium and a part of the heart wall?

Back 42

The visceral layer of the serous pericardium(epicardium) is both a part of the pericardium and a part of the heart wall

Front 43

The coronary sulcus forms a boundary between which chambers of the heart?

Back 43

The coronary sulcus forms a boundary between the atria and ventricles

Front 44

Which chamber has the thickest wall?

Back 44

The left ventricle has the thickest wall

Front 45

Which component of the fibrous skeleton supports the heart valves?

Back 45

The four fibrous rings.

Front 46

How do papillary muscles prevent AV valve cusps from everting or swinging upward into the atria?

Back 46

The papillary muscles contract, which pulls ont he chordae tendineae and prevents valve cusps from everting.

Front 47

Which coronary blood vessel delivers oxygenated blood to the left atrium and left ventricle?

Back 47

The circumflex artery delivers oxygenated blood to the left atrium and left ventricle.

Front 48

What are the functions of intercalated discs in cardiac muscle fibers?

Back 48

The intercalated discs hold the cardiac muscle fibers together ad enable action potentials to propagate from one muscle fiber to another

Front 49

Which component of the conduction system provides the only electrical connection between the atria and the ventricles?

Back 49

The only electrical connection between the atria and the ventricles is the atrioventricular bundle.

Front 50

What is the status of the hearts valves during ventricular filling?

Back 50

The atrioventricular valves are open and the semilunar valves are closed

Front 51

Name two anatomical structures where we find precoreceptors.

Back 51

Corotid sinus and aortic arch (ascending aorta)

Front 52

Name the nerves carrying afferent fibers.

Back 52

Vagus and glossiopharyngeal
(IX,X)

Front 53

What structure in the brain do the afferent fibers end?

Back 53

Medulla (cardiac center)

Front 54

Name 2 nerves which carry efferent fibers?

Back 54

Vagus(parasympathetic)
Cardiac(sympathetic)

Front 55

Give any example of a conducting artery in the body.

Back 55

Ascending aorta or aortic arch,(any part of the aorta) the aorta is the major conducting artery

Front 56

Give any example of a distributing artery in the body.

Back 56

Brachius cephalic, left subclavian, left common carotid

Front 57

What name do we give the smallest arteries?

Back 57

arterioles

Front 58

What is the major difference in the histology between arteries and veins?

Back 58

Arteries are thicker and have elastic fibers

Front 59

Give the names of two specific circulatory routes or loops other than systemic.

Back 59

Pulmonary and cerebral circulation

Front 60

The cusps of the tricuspid valve are connected to tendon-like cords called

Back 60

chordae tendineae