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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How can you do a general assessment on a patient
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Talking to the patient
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Assessment of a patient includes..
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Any previous problems with hearing/ ears, allergies, occuptaions/ hobbies, ototoxic drugs, use of hearing aids, any problems with vertigo/dizziness/imbalance.
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What instrument is used to do a physical assessment on a patient
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Otoscope
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What should the eardrum look like?
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Should be intact, shiny, transparent, and opaque or gray, should be slightly concave, and free of lesions
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What is conductive hearing loss?
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Occurs due to something physically blocking the soound wave transmission,
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What is sensorineural hearing loss?
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Occurs due to a defect in the cochlea, the eighth cranial nerve or the brain (hearing loss from loud noises.)
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What is mixed conductive hearing loss
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Sensorineural hearing loss- profound hearing loss
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How do you perform the voice test?
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Stand 1-2 feet away and wisper a sentence, have them repeat it back to you
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What is the watch test
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Hold a ticking watch about 5 inches from the ear and ask if they can hear it.
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What is an audioscopy?
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A type of otoscope that allows hearing frequencies to be measured.
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What is the tuning fork test
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Use either a weber or a rhinne tuning fork to test hearing via vibration
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What is external otitis
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Inflammation or infection in the external ear (swimmers ear)
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What are the SS of external otitis
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Redness, swelling, tenderness, feeling of stopped up ear, hearing loss, may have ear drainage
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What is the treatment for external otitis
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Topical antibiotics, heat, steroids, alalgesics
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What is irrigation used for?
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Wax removal
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What are forceps used for
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Vegetables
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What is acute otitis media
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Ear infection that happens suddenly and is short of duration
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what is chronis otitis media
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ear infection that occurs as a result of acute otitis media and lasts longer. Causes more hearing loss
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What are the clinical manifestations of Otitis media?
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Ear pain, pressure/fullness sensation, distorted or decreased hearing, tinnitus, headaches. malaise, fever, NV, dizziness/vertigo
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What is a perforated tympanic membrane?
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Break in the tympanic membrane
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What is a perforated tympanic membrane caused by
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infection
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Decribe the drainage in a perforated tympanic membbrane
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Purulent
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When is the pain relieved in a perforated tympanic membrane
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When the membrane ruptures
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What is the treatment for otitis media?
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Antibiotics, heat and cold, analgesics, antihistamines, decongestants
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Describe the surgery for otitis media
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Myringotomy- opening created in the eardrum which relievs the pressure, may have tube put in place to allow drainage
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When does mastoiditis often develop
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because of multiple cases of otitis media and are undertreated
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What is mastoiditis?
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an infection of the mastoid air ceells due to otitis media- may be acute or chronic
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What is the treatment for mastoiditis
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antibiotics
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what is labyrinthitis
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infection of the labyrinth
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What is menieres disease?
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A chronic disorder of the inner ear that is characterized by tinnitus, one sided sensorineural hearing loss and vertigo.
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What is a symptom of menieres disease
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Periods of remission and exacerbations
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What makes the symptoms of menieres worse
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fluid retention
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What is menieres disease often associated with
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Infections, allergic reactions, fluid imbalances, stress
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What is the pathophysiology of Menieres disease
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Excessive ammounts of endolymphatic fluid in the membranous labyrinth.
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What are the clinical manifestations of Menieres disease
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Tinnitis, vertigo, unilateral hearing loss, NV, nystagmus, headaches
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what is the treatment for menieres disease?
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Restriction of salt and fluids, smoking cessation, diuretic therapy, nicotinic acid, antihistimines, antiemetics, valium
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what are the 2 surgeries for menieres disease?
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Labyrinthectomy- Removal of the labyrinth
Endolymphatic decompression with drainage and a shunt |
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What is a tympanoplasty
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Reconstruction of the middle ear, Improves conductive hearing loss.
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What is a stapendectomy
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Removal of the stapes with replacement by prosthesis
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What are some imporntant conciderations for patients post op an ear surgery?
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-Avoid things that increase pressure in the ear- Straining at bowel movements, coughing, air travel, blowing nose
-Keep ear dry- no swimming or shower for 1 week -Keep cotton ball coated with ky jellin in ear canal for 6 weeks -Report excessive drainage -may have packing in place -hearing may be compromised post op |
