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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Functions of Bone |
Support and protect soft tissue Points of attachment for muscles House cells involved in blood cell production Storage of inorganic salts |
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Bone cell |
Fibroblasts Chondroblasts Osteoblasts Osteoclasts |
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Fibroblasts |
Produce collage |
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Chondroblasts |
Produce cartilage, form into chondrocytes (mature cartilage cells) |
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Osteoblasts |
Produce bone, form into osteocytes (mature bone cells) |
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Osteoclasts |
Breakdown bone |
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Compact Bone |
Outer dense layer |
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Cancellous bone |
Forms the epiphyses inside a thick shell of compact bone |
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Intramembranous Bones |
These bones originate within sheetlike layers of connective tissues They are broad, flat bones |
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Endochondral Bones |
Bones begin as hyaline cartilage Form models for future bones These include most bones of the skeleton
The epiphyseal plate is considered to be the growth plate |
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Skeletal Muscle |
controlled by conscious thought Attaches to bones and allows the animal to move |
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Cardiac Muscle |
Special type of muscle unique to the heart controlled without any external stimuli, at a wave-like rhythm |
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Smooth Muscle |
Unconcious control Found in most places of the body Keeps all the internal workings going |
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Tendon |
Bone to Muscle |
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Ligament |
Bone to Bone |
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Aponeurosis |
Thin, sheet-like tendon |
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Muscle Contraction |
-Relaxed muscle fibers have actin and myosin filaments that slightly overlap -When stimulated to contract, crossbridges on myosin filaments slide back and forth -Actin filaments on both sides are pulled towards the center of the myosin filaments -Shortens the sarcomere -Shortening of all end-to-end sarcomeres results in a muscle contraction
*Stimulated by acetylcholine |
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Relaxation |
-Ach decomposes -Muscle impulse stops -Stimulus to sarcolemma and muscle fiber membrane ceases -Calcium moves back into SR -Myosin and actin binding prevented -Muscle fiber relaxes |
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Multi-Unit Smooth Muscle |
Less organized Function as separate units Fibers function separately Iris of eye Walls of blood vessels |
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Visceral Smooth Muscle |
Single-unit smooth muscle Sheets of muscle fibers Fibers held together by gap junctions Exhibit rhythmicity Exhibit peristalsis Walls of most hollow organs |
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Red bone marrow |
Myeloid tissue Platelets and most WBC arise in All marrow at birth Found in mainly flat bones and cancellous material |
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Yellow Marrow |
Higher number of fat cells Some WBC With Age |
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Prime mover |
Agonist Used to describe a muscle or muscle group that directly produces a desired movement |
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Synergist |
A muscle that contracts at the same time as a prime mover, and assists it in carrying out its action |
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Fixator Muscles |
Stabilize joints to allow other movements to take place |
