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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Digital Data Representation
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form in which info is conceived, manipulated, and recorded on a digital device.
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Numeric Data
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consists of numbers representing quantities used in arithmetic operations.
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Digital Data Representation
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uses discrete digits/electronic signal
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binary number system
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allows computers to represent virtually any number simply by using 0's and 1's, translated to 'on' and 'off'.
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ASCII
Extended ASCII EBIDIC Unicode |
7 bits/character
8 bits/character 8 bits/character (older IBM machines) 16 bits (good for languages) |
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bit
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one binary digit
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byte
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8 bits
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kilobyte
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1024
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megabyte
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1,048,576 or million bytes
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gigabyte
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billion bytes
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terabyte
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trillion bytes
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Integrated Circuits
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super thin slice of semi-conducting material packed with microscopic circuit elements
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Integrated Circuits
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used for processors, memory, and support circuitry
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microprocessor (processor)
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(IC) designed to process instructions
largest chip on the motherboard |
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Intel
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world's largest chipmaker (pentiums-microprocessor)
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AMD
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(Athlons) cheaper chips
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main circuit board / motherboard
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houses all essential chips and provides the connecting circuitry between them.
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processor performance factors
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speed, word size, cache
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microprocessor's speed
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processor clock- timing device that sets the pace for executing instruction (clock speed)
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word size
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number of bits the processor can manipulate at one time (32-bit or 64-bit)
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cache
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or RAM cache or cache memory, special high speed memory that a processor can access more rapidly
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instruction set
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list of instructions that a processor can perform.
CISC (complete instruction set computer) RISC (reduced instruction set computer) |
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CISC
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add increasingly more complex instructions, each of which required several clock cycles for execution
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RISC
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limited set of simple instructions
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(processor's) processing techniques
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serial
piplining parallel |
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memory types
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-random access memory (RAM)
-Virtual Memory -Read-Only Memory (ROM) -CMOS |
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RAM
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-temporary (volatile) holding area for data, application software and operating system
-expensive chip set -less storage than disk -capacitor hold bits -capacity measured in MB -makes noticeable difference |
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RAM types
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- SDRAM
- RDRAM |
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Virtual Memory
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-disk based
-stores parts of programs and data until they are needed by the processor -works with RAM, but is slower |
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ROM
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(read only memory)
-permanent on a chip from manufacturer -holds computer start up routine, which are hard-wired instructions -ROMBIOS (basic input/output system |
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CMOS
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(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)
-battery powered -more permanenty than RAM; less permanent than ROM -Stores basic computer configuration -must be updated via CMOS setup program when configured changed |
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computer file
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-a collection of data on a storage medium
-filename conventions -filename extension |
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File Locations
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Device drive letters A: C: D:
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(file locations)directory
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-root directory (C:\)
-Subdirectory -File specificiation or Path -File size and date |
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File Storage
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-storage medium formatted into tracks/sectors electronically
-file system keeps track of names |
