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94 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Acetazolamide? Uses? (2) |
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, prevents/treats AMS, induces metabolic acidosis
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Acyclovir
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Guanosine analogue used in the treatment of Herpes, targets thymidine kinase
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Uses of Adrenaline (4) and the receptors involved?
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Bronchodilation (beta2), cardiac arrest (alpha1 increase peripheral resistance, beta1 increase cardiac output), anaesthetics (slow absorption through vasoconstriction, prolongs action, helps diminish blood loss), autoinjectiors eg EpiPens
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Effects of adrenaline on renal function? |
Increases resistance, decreases blood flow, produces antidiuresis
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Amantadine (2 uses)
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Inhibits M2 ion channel in influenza, also antagonises NMDA so can be used as a weak therapy for Parkinson's disease
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Aminophylline
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Xanthines - mild stimulants and bronchodilators (phosphodiesterase inhibitor, increases cAMP and inhibits TNFalpha and leukotrine synthesis, etc)
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Amitryptyline
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Tricyclic antidepressant (block SERT and NET)
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Amlodipine
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Calcium channel blocker (more effective in smooth muscle than cardiac muscle) causing vasodilation
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Amoxicillin
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Beta-lactam (inhibits cell wall synthesis)
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Aspirin, uses (4)
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Blocks cycloxygenases (COX1 and COX2), uses as an antipyretic, analgesic, anti rheumatoid arthiritis, anti thrombotic
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Atenolol
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Beta1 antagonist (beta blocker)
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Atropine
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Antagonist of muscarinic ACh receptors, used in general anaesthesia
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Beclomethasone
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Glucocorticoid steroid, used for asthma prophylaxis
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Bendroflumethiazide
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Thiazide diuretic, inhibits Na absorption at the DCT (NaCl symporter)
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Benzylpenicillin
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Beta lactam - inhibits cell wall synthesis. "Gold standard" of penecillin
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Bupivacaine
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Intracellular Na blocker, local anaesthetic
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Buspirone
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Anxiolytic - 5HT1 agonist
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Carbamazepine
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Anti-convulsant, mood stabiliser. Used for chronic/prophylactic epilepsy treatment
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Chloroquine
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Anti-malarial, caps hemozoin (heme biocrystal) leading to heme buildup, binds to heme which is highly toxic to cells and disrupts membrane function -> cell lysis and parasite cell autodigestion
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Chlorpheniramine
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Anti-histamine (H1 antagonist), relatively weak sedative effects
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Chlorpromazine
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Dopamine antagonist, used to treat schizophrenia
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Ciprofloxacin
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Quinolone antibiotic - binds to DNA gyrase
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Cisplatin
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Alklyating agent - chemically damages DNA used in chemotherapy through crosslinking
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Clozapine
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Atypical antipsychotic, treatment of schizophrenia, blocks dopamine pathways
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Codeine
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Centrally acting analgesic - opiate antagonist
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Cromoglycate
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Long term anti anaphylactic, mast cell stabiliser
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Cyclopentolate
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Alpha1 blocker, used to dilate pupil
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Cyclophosphamide
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Alkylating agent - chemically damages DNA. Used in chemotherapy
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Dexamethazone
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Glucocorticoid (anti-inflammatory steroid), used in prevention of AMS and treatment of high altitude cerebral oedema and pulmonry oedema. Reduces activity of phospholipase A2, reduces production of prostaglandins, leukotrines, and PAF
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Diazepam
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Acute anti-epileptic. Treatment of panic attacks, insomnia, some withdrawls, others
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Digoxin
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Cardiac glycoside (positive inotrope)
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Doxazocin
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Alpha1 antagonist used in hypertention and urinary retention
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Doxorubicin
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Antitumour antibiotic - binds DNA, causes breaks, inhibits topioisomerase etc used in chemotherapy
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Erythromycin
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Macrolide antibiotic - binds to bacterial ribosome, some resistance - changes to ribosome
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Flucloxacillin
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Beta lactam antibiotic - inhibits cell wall synthesis
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Fluoxetine
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SSRI
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Furosemide
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Loop diuretic used in congestive heart failure and oedema, acts on NKCC, inhibits Na and Cl reabsorption. Cause of ototoxicity
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Gentamicin
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Aminoglycoside - binds to bacterial ribosomes, cause of ototoxicity
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Glyceryl trinitrate
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Nitrate vasodilators, used in heart failure
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Glycopyrrolate
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Parasympatholytic - muscarinic antagonist, used in anaesthesia, doesn't cross blood-brain barrier
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Haloperidol
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Typical antipsychotic - dopamine antagonist
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Heparin
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Anti-coagulant, binds to antithrombin III causing a conformational change increasing it's rate of inactivation of thrombin and other proteases such as factor Xa by 1000x (stabilises the interaction)
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Ibuprofen
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NSAID, antiplatelet efefct, vasoconstriction. Inhibits cycloxygenases
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Imatinib
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Protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, used in chronic myeloid leukaemia (inhibits BCR-Abl which transduces cell growth only found in cancerous cells)
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Ipratropium |
Muscarinic ACh antagonist used in bronchodilation
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Isoflurane
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Gaseous anaesthetic, slow
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Levodopa (L-DOPA)
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Precursor of dopamine, used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease
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Lidocaine
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Local anaesthetic, antiarrhythmic, blocks VGNaCs
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Lithium
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Mood stabiliser
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Losartan
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Angiotensin II receptor antagonist, used in hypertension
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Methotrexate
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Antimetabolite - metabolic inhibition of DNA synthesis, used in chemotherapy
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Morphine
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Opiate agonist analgesic
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Naloxone
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Antagonist of opiates, used in overdose
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Neostigmine
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Cholinesterase inhibitor used in general anaesthesia
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Nifedipine
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Calcium channel blocker, more effective in smooth muscle than cardiac muscle, causes vasodilation, antianginal and antihypertensive, used to treat high altitude pulmonary oedema
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Ondansetron
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Antiemtic 5-HT3 antagonist
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Paracetamol
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COX inhibiting analgesic
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Penicillin
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Beta lactam, cell wall synthesis inhibitior
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Phenelzine
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Monoamine Oxidase inhibitor
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Phenylephrine
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Alpha1 agonist used for vasoconstriction in general anaesthesia, decongestant, pupil dilator
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Phenytoin
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Stabilises the closed state of VGNaCs, used in chronic/prophylactic treatment of epilepsy
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Prazosin
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Alpha1 blocker, used in hypertension, anxiety, PTSD, panic disorder
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Propofol
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Intravenous general anaesthetic, not analgesic. Potentiates GABAa and blocks VGNaCs
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Propranolol
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Non selective beta blocker
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Ramapril
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ACE inhibitor
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Rifampicin
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Rifamycin antibiotic - inhibitor of transcription
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Salbutamol
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Beta2 receptor agonist, used as a bronchodilator
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Saquinavir
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HIV protease inhibitor - substrate peptide analogue
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Sevoflurane
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Gaseous anaesthetic
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Simvastatin
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Statin (HMG CoA Reductase inhibitor)
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Spironolactone
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Aldosterone antagonist, diuretic
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Streptokinase
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Anti-thrombotic - causes plasmin production
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Streptomycin
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Aminoglycoside antibiotic, binds to bacterial ribosomes
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Suxamethonium
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Neuromuscular blocker - nicotinic ACh receptor agonist
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Tamoxifen
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Antagonist of the oestrogen receptor in breast tissue, used in treatment of breast cancer
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Temazepam
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Benzodiazepine anxiolytic used in general anaesthesia, sleep induction, enhances GABAa transmission
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Tetracycline
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Aminoglycoside antibiotic, binds to bacterial ribosomes
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Tramadol
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Opiod receptor agonist
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Trastuzumab
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Theraputic antibody against HER2 translocator for epidermal growth factors used in breast cancer
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Trimethoprim
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2,4-diaminopyridine antibiotic - inhibitor of folate metabolism and DNA synthesis
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Valproate
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Anti-epileptic used in acute epilepsy, anticonvulsant, mood stabiliser. Inhibits GABA transaminase
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Vecuronium
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Neuromuscular blocker - competitive antagonist of nicotinic ACh receptors
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Venlafaxine
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SNRI antidepressant
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Vincristine
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Vinca alkaloid, microtubule poison (blocks mitosis) used in chemotherapy
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Warfarin
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Anticoagulant, inhibits vitamin K recycling
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Zidovudine (AZT)
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Chain terminating reverse transcriptase inhibitor
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Syndromes of valvular Heart disease
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Stenosis
Incompetence Mixed valve disease - both |
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Scar shrinking in heart
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Stenosis from valve ring shrinking of fusion of valve leaflets
Regurgitation scarring of leaflets and they don't close the gap properly |
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Rheumatic fever cardiac
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Mostly 5-15yo
In 60% cardiac involvement Acute recurrent Follows group a strep infection Autoimmune Death may result from myocarditis (arrhythmia) Chronically valve damage may lead to fibrosis, particularly mitral valve |
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Rheumatic fever non cardiac
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Migratory large joint Polyarteritis
Subcutaneous nodules Erythema marginatum - bathing suit distribution Sydenham's chorea because basal ganglia These and cardiac symptoms are major criteria for rf diagnosis |
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Consequences of rf
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Acute attack lasts 3m
May recur Treat with antibiotics Chronic valve lesions usually stenosis usually mitral |
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Histology of rheumatic decer
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Aschoff bodies in heart
Contain macrophages some lymphocytes and plasma cells Chronically leaflets are thickened and fused fish mouth or button hole |
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Endocarditis + 3 causes
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Usually valves
Blood clots - vegetation May be infective May be autoimmune eg lupus May be clotting disorder (marantic endocarditis) |
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Mariantic endocarditis
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Small platelet and fibrin rhombic form along lines of closure
Associated with chronic disease Due to hyper coagulate state |
