Bme 519 - Reproduction - Section A

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Accessory Reproductive Organ

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The duct systems through which the sperm or eggs are trasnported and the glands lining or emptying into the ducts.

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Androgen

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a group of steroid hormones that have similar mascularinizing actions.

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Aromatase

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enzyme in some nongonadal tissues that converts androgens to estrogen.

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Barr Body

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when two X chromosomes are present, only one functions and the nonfunctional X chromosome condenses to form a nuclear mass.

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Crossing-over

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overlapping portions of the homologous chromosomes break off and exchange with eachother. Results in the recombination of genes on homologous chromosomes.

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Estradiol

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one of several steroid hormones that have similar actions on the female reproductive tract (secreted by ovaries)

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Estrogen

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hormones that have similar actions on the female reproductive tract

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Follicle-stimulating hormone

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one of two hormones that act upon the gonads, the result being (1) maturation of sperm or ova & (2) stimulation of sex hormone secretion

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Gamete

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the reproductive cells

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Gametogenesis

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the product of gametes

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Genotype

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the genetic difference between male & female

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Germ Cell

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developing gametes that undergo mitosis or meiosis

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Gonad

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the primary reproductive organs

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Gonadal steroids

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steroid hormones secreted by the gonads

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Gonadotropin

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stimulated by GnRH - FSH & LH

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GnRH

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a hypophysiotropic hormone secreted in the hypothalamus; stimulates the release of gonadotropins

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Inhibin

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gonadal protein hormones exert feedback effects on anterior pituitary

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Karyotype

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A tissue culture visualization of all the chromosomes

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LH

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One of two hormones that act upon the gonads, the result being (1) maturation of sperm or ova and (2) stimulation of sex hormone secretion

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Meiosis

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2nd stage of gametogenesis; the resulting gmete receives only 23 chromosomes from a 46-chromosome germ cell

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Mitosis

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the 46 chromosomes of the dividing cell are replicated

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Mullerian Duct

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reproductive tract develops from female mullerian duct (primitive reproductive tract)

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Mullerian-inhibiting substance

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a protein hormone from seroli cells, causes degeneration of the mullerian duct

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Ovary

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primary female reproductive organ

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Ovum

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reproductive cells or gametes

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Phenotype

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sexual appearance and function

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Progesterone

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primary sex hormone in female

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Secondary sexual characteristic

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external differences, hair distribution and body contours, between males and females, not involved in reproduction

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Sex chromatin

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the nuclear mass formed from the condensed non-functional X chromosome when two X chromosomes are present

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Sex determination

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gender of an individual

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Sex differentiation

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multiple processes involved in the development of the reproductive system in the fetus

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Sex hormone

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steroid hormones secreted by the gonads

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Sperm

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reproductive cell in males

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Spermatozoan

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full name of sperm

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SRY gene

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sex determining region of the Y chromosome

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Testis

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primary male reproductive organ

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Testosterone

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primary male sex hormone

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Wolffian duct

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most of the male reproductive tract develops from the wolffian duct

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X-chromosome

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larger of the sex chromosomes

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Y-chromosome

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smaller of the sex chromosomes