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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what structure is this?
what happens to this next in glycolysis? what enzyme catalyzes this? |
glucose
it is phosphorylated to Glucose-6-phosphate. hexokinase |
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What structure is this?
What enzyme is used to create what products in glycolysis? |
Glucose-6-phosphate
is isomerized by phosphoglucoisomerase to fructose-6-phosphate |
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What structure is this?
What enzyme is used to create what products in glycolysis? |
Fructose-6-phosphate
PLUS ATP and phosphofructokinase = fructose-1,6-bisphosphate |
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What structure is this?
What enzyme is used to create what products in glycolysis? |
fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
is converted to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate by aldolase |
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What structure is this?
What enzyme is used to create what products in glycolysis? |
glyceraldehyde--3-phosphate
is converted to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate and NADH by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase |
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What structure is this?
What enzyme is used to create what products in glycolysis? |
1.3-bisphosphoglycerate
is made into 3-phosphoglycerate PLUS ATP by phospholgycerate kinase |
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What structure is this?
What enzyme is used to create what products in glycolysis? |
3-Phosphoglycerate
made into 2-phosphoglycerate by phosphoglycerate mutase |
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What structure is this?
What enzyme is used to create what products in glycolysis? |
2-Phosphoglycerate
is made into phosphoenolpyruvate and H20 by enolase |
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What structure is this?
What enzyme is used to create what products in glycolysis? |
Phosphoenolpyruvate
is made into pyruvate PLUS ATP by pyruvate kinase |
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What is this compound?
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Pyruvate
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Which glycolytic steps USE ATP?
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Hexokinase rxn (making Glucose-6-Phosphate).
and PFK rxn (Making fructose-1,6-bisP) |
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Which glycolytic steps MAKE ATP?
What kind of ATP making is this? |
Phosphoglycerate Kinase rxn (makes 3-phosphoglycerate)
and Pyruvate Kinase rxn (makes Pyruvate) Substrate level phosphorylation. |
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Which glycolytic rxn makes NADH?
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Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase rxn
(makes 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. |
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Which rxns in glycolysis are irreversible?
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Hexokinase rxn, PFK rxn and Pyruvate Kinase rxn.
Just remember these are 3 of the 4 ATP related rxns. |
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This equation:
deltaG = RTln[Xb]/[Xa]. is a confusing way to explain what? |
deltaG = RTln[Xb]/[Xa] explains if a rxn is going to require work to happen.
This is in reference to the GLUT transporters. if [Xa] < [Xb], then it will require work for make the glucose move. |
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Which GLUT transporter has the highest Km? Why is this good?
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GLUT 2 has the highest Km. This means there has to be a high concentration of glucose for them to work (they have low affinity for glucose)
GLUT 2 transporters are found in the Liver, Small Intestine, Kidney and Pancreas - which need to function in the fed state when [glucose] is high. |
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Which Glut transporter is regulated by insulin?
Where does it work? |
Glut 4 is regulated by insulin. When [glucose] is high and insulin is working to get this into our tissues - GLUT 4 will actually upregulate and let more glucose into ADIPOSE and MUSCLE for storage.
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Which GLUT transporter(s) get glucose to the brain? RBC
Why do these have a low Km? |
GLUT 1 is primarily responsible for getting glucose to the brain and RBC. GLUT 3 also helps get glucose to the brian, kidney and placenta.
Low Km is good because brain needs glucose all the time so at low [glucose] - the transporter will still work. |
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Which GLUT transporter is used for "glucose homeostasis"?
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GLUT 2 - it has the highest Km and works in the liver (gng/glycogenolysis), pancreas (insulin), Small Int and kidney.
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Describe the phosphoglucose isomerase rxn.
Does anything exciting happen? |
glucose-6-phosphate---> fructose-6-phosphate.
This rxn moves the carboxyl group to the 2nd carbon (making it fructose) Nothing exciting happens. |
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Describe the aldolase rxn?
Does anything exciting happen? |
Fructose,1-6,bisP----> Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
nothing really exciting happens. F,1-6bisP does get chopped in half. that is kind of exciting. It is where glucose turns into 2, 3-carbon, molecules. |
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Describe the phosphoglycerate mutase rxn.
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3-phosphoglycerate--> 2-phosphoglycerate.
moving the phosphate group to the 2nd carbon. Not very exciting. |
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Describe the enolase rxn.
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2-phosphoglycerate--> Phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O
This gives up some water - making an alkene bt the 2nd and 3rd carbon (Phosphate group still on the 2nd carbon). |
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What happens in the exciting conclusion of glycolysis (in the pyruvate kinase rxn)
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an ATP is made.
The phosphate on the 2nd C jumps off and a carboxyl group is made there - the alkene bt 2-3 becomes an alkane. |
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What is this?
What rxn is it the major product? Describe rxn. |
Lactate
Pyruvate (LDH) -->Lactate + NAD Pyruvate is reduced to become lactate |
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What is this?
In what rxn creates this? What are some products when this is a substrate? |
Pyruvate.
Created from PEP by Pyruvate kinase (this rxn spits out an ATP) Pyruvate is reduced to Lactate + NAD+ Pyruvate is oxidized to AcetylCoA + NADH |
