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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the immediate/primary energy source for cellular function? |
Glucose |
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What is the name of the polymer of glucose that is the main storage of energy in animals? |
Glycogen |
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___ (Glycoproteins/Proteoglycans/Glycolipids) are cell surface molecules that are involved in cell-cell interaction |
Glycoproteins |
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___ (Glycoproteins/Proteoglycans/Glycolipids) are molecules of the extracellular matrix that are involved in cellular interaction |
Proteoglycans |
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___ (Glycoproteins/Proteoglycans/Glycolipids) are membrane lipids with sugar adducts |
Glycolipids |
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On a fischer projection, horizontal bars are ___ (wedged/dashed) |
Wedged |
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A ketose contains what type of group? |
Ketone |
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An aldose contains what type of group? |
Aldehyde |
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What is the term for stereoisomersthat are mirror images of one another? |
Enantiomers
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What is the term for stereoisomers thatare not mirror images of oneanother? |
Diastereomers
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What is the term for diastereomersdiffering at only one asymmetric carbon? |
Epimers |
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True or False: The only enantiomer for any D-sugar is its L-sugar counterpart |
TRUE!!! |
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A ___ (D/L) sugar is one with the bottom most OH group on the right |
D |
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A ___ (D/L) sugar is one with the bottom most OH group on the left |
L |
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D-galactose is a ___ (C2/C4) epimer of D-glucose |
C4 |
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D-mannose is a ___ (C2/C4) epimer of D-glucose |
C2 |
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Dihydroxyacetone and fructose are both ___ (aldoses/ketoses) |
Ketoses |
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___ (Aldohexose/Ketohexose): Nucleophilic attack on C1 aldehyde, most often by the C5 alcohol to form an intramolecular hemiacetal |
Aldohexose |
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___ (Aldohexose/Ketohexose): Nucleophilic attack on C2 ketone by C5 or C6 alcohol to form an intramolecular hemiketal |
Ketohexose |
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A six-membered ring structure is a ___ (pyranose/furanose) |
Pyranose |
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A five-membered ring structure is a ___ (pyranose/furanose) |
Furanose |
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D-glucofuranose is ___ (rare/common) and D-glucopyranose is ___ (rare/common) |
Rare, common |
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OH on the anomeric carbon is down in ___ (alpha/beta) anomers |
Alpha |
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OH on the anomeric carbon is up in ___ (alpha/beta) anomers |
Beta |
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With a D-molecule, CH2OH from carbon 6 on fischer diagram is always ___ (up/down) on ring structure |
Up |
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Everything on the right side of the fischer diagram is ___ (up/down) on ring structure |
Down |
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What are acetals of carbohydrates called? |
Glycosides |
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Bonds that result in formation of an acetal are called ___ (acetalic/glycosidic) bonds |
Glycosidic |
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A glycosidic bond between 2 monosaccharides produces what? Through what sort of linkage? |
Disaccharide, ether |
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The anomeric carbon for aldoses is ___ (C1/C2) and is ___ (C1/C2) for ketoses |
C1, C2 |
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Between what carbons does the linkage occur in sucrose? |
Carbon 1 and 2 |
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Between what carbons does the linkage occur in lactose? |
Carbon 1 and 4 |
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Between what carbons does the linkage occur in maltose? |
Carbon 1 and 4 |
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With an alpha glycosidic bond, the O is shown ___ (above/below) the ring and looks like the letter "U" |
Below |
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Acetals have ___ (one/two) R groups |
One |
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Ketals have ___ (one/two) R groups |
Two |
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Ketals and acetals are largely ___ (reactive/non-reactive) groups |
Non-reactive |
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Sugars that can open are ___ (reducing/non-reducing) |
Reducing |
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Sugars that can not open are ___ (reducing/non-reducing) |
Non-reducing |
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Ketals and acetals are ___ (reducing/non-reducing) |
Non-reducing |
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Reducing sugars reduce Cu2+ to what? |
Cu2O |
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Sucrose is ___ (reducing/non-reducing) |
Non-reducing |
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Where are enzymes that hydrolyze disaccharides located? |
Cells that line the intestinal lumen |
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Cellulose has ___ (beta/alpha)-1,4 linkages |
Beta |
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Starch and glycogen have ___ (beta/alpha)-1,4 linkages |
Alpha |
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___ (Beta/Alpha)-1,4 linkages are more linear and flat |
Beta |
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___ (Beta/Alpha)-1,4 linkages are more helical in nature |
Alpha |
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Gylcosaminoglycans are repeating polysaccharide units made up of what type of sugars? |
Sulfated |
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An ___ (activated/unactivated) sugar is linked in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction to a target molecule |
Activated |
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Glycosylated proteins are called what? |
Glycoproteins |
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The major component of glycoproteins is what? |
Protein |
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The major component of proteoglycans is what? |
Sugar |
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Carbohydrates can be attached to proteins through N- or O- linkage to what 2 types of residues? |
Asparagine or serine |
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N-linked sugars are added to proteins where? |
Endoplasmic reticulum |
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What is the name of the holding molecule in the ER where complicated sugars are constructed? |
Dolichol phosphate |
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What is the name of the en bloc from an ER carrier lipid? |
Dolichol phosphate |
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GlcNac, N-acetylglucosamine, is a ___ (protein/lipid/carbohydrate) derivative, derived from ___ (glucose/fructose) |
Carbohydrate, glucose |
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The point of ___ (sugar/protein) attachment is called the glycosylation site |
Sugar |
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Dolichol phosphate is the platform that polysaccharides, destined to become ___ (O-/N-) linked sugars are built |
N- |
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Once an N-linked sugar is built, the polysaccharide is then transferred as a whole (en bloc) to the protein glycosylation site's ___ (asparagine/serine) residue |
Asparagine |
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O-linked sugars are added exclusively in what organelle? |
Golgi apparatus |
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The ___ (cis/trans) Golgi is the part of the Golgi that is closest to the ER |
Cis |
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What is the name of cell surface receptors that recognize carbohydrates with a specificity brought about through weak interactions? |
Lectins |
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What type of proteins can be hijacked by viruses? |
Glycoproteins |
