Blumenfeld Neuroanatomy 12: Brainstem I

Front 1

___ are visible on anterior aspect of rostral medulla

Back 1

pyramids

Front 2

___ are lateral to medullary pyramids

Back 2

inferior olives

Front 3

___ emerges between each pyramid and olive

Back 3

CN 12

Front 4

___ is visible on anterior aspect of caudal medulla

Back 4

pyramidal decussation

Front 5

___ are visible on posterior aspect of caudal medulla

Back 5

nucleus gracilis
nucleus cuneatus

Front 6

inferiormost part of 4th ventricle

Back 6

obex

Front 7

obex is entry to ___

Back 7

SC central canal

Front 8

connection between obex and SC central canal is usually ___

Back 8

closed

Front 9

2 V-shaped structures immediately superior to obex

Back 9

vagal trigone
hypoglossal trigone

Front 10

hypoglossal trigone is ___ to vagal trigone

Back 10

superior

Front 11

bumps at rostral floor of 4th ventricle

Back 11

facial colliculi

Front 12

facial colliculi are comprised of ___ (2)

Back 12

abducens nuclei
CN7 fibers

Front 13

rostral roof of 4th ventricle is comprised of ___

Back 13

superior cerebellar peduncles
superior medullary velum

Front 14

superior medullary velum is aka ___

Back 14

anterior medullary velum

Front 15

superior medullary velum has ___ on midline

Back 15

frenulum veli

Front 16

___ emerges on both sides of frenulum veli
it is the only CN which does ___ (2)

Back 16

CN 4
emerges from dorsal aspect of brainstem
crosses midline after leaving brainstem

Front 17

3 CNs which emerge near anterior midline of brainstem
together with ___, the comprise the group which does ___

Back 17

3
6
12
4
GSE

Front 18

3 CNs which emerge at pontomedullary junction

Back 18

6
7
8

Front 19

3 CNs which emerge at cerebellopontine angle

Back 19

7
8
9

Front 20

during embryological development, CN nuclei are located ___ly

Back 20

anterior to 4th ventricle

Front 21

in mature brainstem, motor nuclei are located ___ and sensory are ___

Back 21

medial
lateral

Front 22

in mature brainstem, GSE nuclei are located ___, GVE nuclei are ___ and SVE nuclei are ___

Back 22

dorsomedial
dorsomedial (lateral to GSE)
ventromedial

Front 23

in mature brainstem, SVA nuclei are located ___,
GVA nuclei are ___,
GSA are ___,
and SSA are ___

Back 23

dorsolateral (medial to GSA, SSA)
dorsolateral (medial to GSA, SSA)
dorsolateral (anterior to SVA, SSA)
dorsolateral (posterior to SVA, GSA)

Front 24

GSE nuclei in midbrain

Back 24

oculomotor
trochlear

Front 25

GVE nucleus in midbrain

Back 25

Edinger-Westphal

Front 26

GSE nucleus in pons

Back 26

abducens

Front 27

2 GVE nuclei in pons

Back 27

superior salivatory
inferior salivatory

Front 28

2 SVE nuclei in pons

Back 28

trigeminal motor
facial

Front 29

GSE nucleus in medulla

Back 29

hypoglossal

Front 30

GVE nucleus in medulla

Back 30

dorsal motor nucleus of X

Front 31

SVE nucleus in medulla

Back 31

ambiguus

Front 32

SVE nucleus in cervical cord

Back 32

spinal accessory

Front 33

GSA nucleus in midbrain

Back 33

mesencephalic nucleus of V

Front 34

GSA nucleus in pons

Back 34

chief sensory nucleus of V

Front 35

GSA nucleus in medulla

Back 35

spinal trigeminal nucleus

Front 36

3 parts of spinal trigeminal nucleus, from rostral to caudal

Back 36

pars oralis
pars interpolaris
pars caudalis

Front 37

3 SSA nuclei in pons

Back 37

vestibular nuclei
dorsal cochlear
ventral cochlear

Front 38

SVA nucleus in medulla

Back 38

NTS

Front 39

GVA nucleus in medulla

Back 39

NTS

Front 40

SVA part of NTS is ___, called ___, and projects to CNs ___

Back 40

rostral
gustatory nucleus
7
9
10

Front 41

GVA part of NTS is ___, called ___, and projects to CNs ___

Back 41

caudal
cardiorespiratory
9
10

Front 42

sensation for anterior fossa is via ___
for middle fossa is via ___
for infratentorial posterior fossa is via ___

Back 42

CN 5 (middle meningeal n.); V2 and V3??
CN 5
CN X and upper cervical roots

Front 43

first synapse of trigeminal discriminative touch pathway synapse is in __
from there it goes via ___ to ___
first synapse of trigeminothalamic pathway is in __
from there it goes via ___ to ___

Back 43

chief trigeminal nucleus
trigeminal lemniscus
VPM
spinal trigeminal nucleus
trigeminothalamic tract
VPM

Front 44

spinal trigeminal nucleus is a rostral extension of ___

Back 44

dorsal horn of SC

Front 45

spinal trigeminal tract is a rostral extension of ___

Back 45

Lissauer's tract

Front 46

Lissauer's tract is where ___-order neurons of ___ do ___ before ___ing

Back 46

1st
spinothalamic tract
ascend or descend 1 or 2 levels
synapsing in dorsal horn

Front 47

fibers representing ___ are at ventral end of spinal trigeminal tract
fibers representing ___ are at dorsal end of spinal trigeminal tract

Back 47

V1
GSA from VII, IX, X (ear)

Front 48

fibers representing ___ are at rostral end of spinal trigeminal tract
fibers representing ___ are at caudal end of spinal trigeminal tract

Back 48

center of face (mouth/nose)
periphery of face (forehead/chin)

Front 49

cells in ___ are the only first-order neurons which lie inside the CNS
they sense ___
these cells trigger ___

Back 49

mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus
proprioception from muscles of mastication
jaw jerk reflex

Front 50

jaw jerk efferent arm is from ___
jaw jerk is brisk if ___, as in ___ (2)

Back 50

trigeminal motor nucleus
bilateral UMN lesion is present
ALS
diffuse white matter disease

Front 51

to elicit jaw jerk reflex, do ___
a positive result is ___
2 conditions associated with brisk jaw jerk

Back 51

tap on chin with mouth slightly open
jaw moves forward
ALS
diffuse white matter dz

Front 52

modalities in CN7

Back 52

GSA (ear)
SVA (taste)
GVE (para)
SVE (branchial)

Front 53

CN7 exits brainstem at ___
it has 2 branches, ___ and ___

Back 53

pontomedullary junction/CPA
CN7 proper
nervus intermediate

Front 54

CN7 proper contains ___ fibers

Back 54

SVE

Front 55

nervus intermedius contains ___ fibers

Back 55

GSA
SVA
GVE

Front 56

with the exception of ___, CN7 SVE fibers exit posterior fossa via ___ and exits skull via ___

Back 56

nerve to stapedius
internal auditory meatus
stylomastoid foramen

Front 57

CN7 GVE fibers exit skull via ___ (2)

Back 57

greater petrosal foramen
petrotympanic fissure

Front 58

CN7 GVE fibers going through greater petrosal foramen become ___
CN7 GVE fibers going through petrotympanic fissure run with ___ and become ___

Back 58

greater petrosal nerve
SVA fibers
chorda tympani

Front 59

greater petrosal nerve terminates on ___, located in ___

Back 59

sphenopalatine ganglion
pterygopalatine fossa

Front 60

sphenopalatine ganglion postganglionic cells project to ___ (2)
in the nasopharynx it is associated with ___ n.

Back 60

lacrimal glands
nasal mucosa
maxillary

Front 61

chorda tympani GVE fibers project to ___

Back 61

submandibular ganglion

Front 62

submandibular ganglion postganglionic cells project to ___ (2)

Back 62

submandibular salivary glands
sublingual salivary glands

Front 63

most saliva is produced in ___

Back 63

submandibular glands

Front 64

1' neuron cell bodies for both CN7 affferent modalities reside in ___

Back 64

geniculate ganglion

Front 65

1' CN7 SVA fibers project to ___

Back 65

rostral NTS (gustatory nucleus)

Front 66

SVA input from rostral NTS projects to ___

Back 66

VPM of thalamus

Front 67

SVA input from VPM of thalamus projects to ___ (2), aka ___

Back 67

inferior frontal operculum
superior insula
taste cortex

Front 68

1' neuron cell bodies for cochlear division of CN8 reside in ___

Back 68

spiral ganglion

Front 69

1' CN8 cochlear fibers project to ___ (2) located in ___

Back 69

dorsal cochlear nucleus
ventral cochlear nucleus
pons/PMJ

Front 70

fibers from dorsal cochlear nucleus project to ___ via ___
after ___ing

Back 70

contralateral inferior colliculus
lateral lemniscus
decussating through pontine tegmentum

Front 71

fibers from ventral cochlear nucleus project to ___

Back 71

bilateral superior olivary nuclear complexes

Front 72

trapezoid body is at level of ___, and contains ___ running mediolaterally, and ___ rostro-caudally

Back 72

superior olivary nuclear complex
auditory fibers
medial lemniscal fibers

Front 73

fibers from superior olivary nucleus project to ___

Back 73

ipsilateral inferior colliculus

Front 74

fibers from inferior colliculus project to ___ via ___

Back 74

MGN of thalamus
brachium of inferior colliculus

Front 75

fibers from MGN of thalamus project to ___ via ___ followed by ___

Back 75

1' auditory cortex
inferior thalamic peduncle
auditory radiations

Front 76

1' auditory cortex is in BA ___, aka ___

Back 76

41
transverse gyri of Heschl

Front 77

transverse gyri of Heschl are located at ___

Back 77

posterior part of medial aspect of superior temporal gyrus

Front 78

because of decussations in cochlear pathway, lesions proximal to ___ do not cause ___

Back 78

cochlear nuclei
unilateral hearing loss

Front 79

tinnitus from auditory cortex seizure is perceived ___ to focus

Back 79

contralaterally

Front 80

2 kinds of hearing problems

Back 80

conductive
sensorineural

Front 81

in conductive hearing loss, there is a problem with ___
as a result, ___ is greater than ___

Back 81

propagation of pressure wave from auricle to middle ear
bone conduction
air conduction

Front 82

in sensorineural hearing loss, there is a problem with ___

Back 82

propagation of transduced signal from hair cells to CNS

Front 83

conductive hearing loss is distinguished from sensorineural via ___

Back 83

Rinne test

Front 84

most common CPA tumor

Back 84

acoustic neuroma

Front 85

mean age of onset for acoustic neuroma

Back 85

50

Front 86

acoustic neuroma arises at ___, usually from ___ division of CN8

Back 86

IAM
vestibular

Front 87

2nd CN to be affected by acoustic neuroma
symptoms include ___ (2)

Back 87

5
pain
hypesthesia

Front 88

2nd most common schwannoma of CNs

Back 88

trigeminal neuroma

Front 89

modalities in CN9

Back 89

GSA
GVA
SVA
SVE (stylopharyngeus)
GVE (parotid gland)

Front 90

cell bodies of 1' GSA neurons for CN9 reside in ___ (2) and project to ___

Back 90

inferior glossopharyngeal ganglion
superior glossopharyngeal ganglion
spinal trigeminal nucleus

Front 91

GSA fibers in CN9 sense ___ (4)

Back 91

external ear
middle ear
pharynx
posterior 1/3 of tongue

Front 92

cell bodies of 1' GVA neurons for CN9 reside in ___ and project to ___

Back 92

inferior glossopharyngeal ganglion
caudal NTS

Front 93

GVA fibers in CN9 sense ___ (2) from ___ (2), and are called ___

Back 93

pressure
chemosensation
carotid sinus
carotid body
Hering's nerve

Front 94

cell bodies of 1' SVA neurons for CN9 reside in ___ and project to ___
they sense ___

Back 94

inferior glossopharyngeal ganglion
rostral NTS
taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue

Front 95

rostral NTS is aka ___

Back 95

gustatory nucleus

Front 96

caudal NTS is AKA ___

Back 96

cardiorespiratory nucleus

Front 97

SVE fibers of CN9 start in ___ and project to ___

Back 97

nucleus ambiguus
stylopharyngeus

Front 98

GVE fibers of CN9 start in ___ and project to ___ via ___

Back 98

inferior salivatory nucleus
otic ganglion
lesser petrosal n.

Front 99

modalities in CN10

Back 99

GSA
GVA
SVA
GVE
SVE

Front 100

cell bodies of 1' GSA neurons for CN10 reside in ___ (2) and project to ___

Back 100

inferior vagal ganglion
inferior vagal ganglion
spinal trigeminal nucleus

Front 101

GSA fibers of CN10 sense ___ (3)

Back 101

ear
pharynx
subtentorial meninges

Front 102

cell bodies of 1' GVA neurons for CN10 reside in ___ and project to ___

Back 102

inferior vagal ganglion
caudal NTS

Front 103

GVA fibers of CN10 sense ___ (2) from ___ (2) and are called ___

Back 103

pressure
chemosensation
aortic arch
aortic body
n of Cyon

Front 104

cell bodies of 1' SVA neurons for CN10 reside in ___ and project to ___

Back 104

inferior vagal ganglion
rostral NTS

Front 105

inferior vagal ganglion is aka ___

Back 105

nodose

Front 106

SVA fibers of CN10 sense ___ from ___ (2)

Back 106

taste
epiglottis
pharynx

Front 107

SVE fibers of CN10 start in ___ and project to ___ (2)

Back 107

nucleus ambiguus
pharyngeal muscles
laryngeal muscles

Front 108

GVE fibers of CN10 start in ___ and project to ___ (3 systems)

Back 108

dorsal motor nucleus of 10
heart
lungs
GIT

Front 109

vagus projects to ___ part of GIT

Back 109

proximal to splenic flexure

Front 110

DMN of 10 is visible on ___ surface as ___

Back 110

floor of 4th ventricle
vagal trigone

Front 111

nucleus ambiguus lesion causes ___ deviation of uvula and ___ droop of soft palate

Back 111

contralateral (towards normal side)
ipsilateral

Front 112

CN11 nucleus is ___ and is located in ___

Back 112

spinal accessory nucleus
C1-C5/C6

Front 113

CN11 has ___ fibers
spinal accessory nucleus is located ____ly on cross section

Back 113

SVE
at IML grey horns

Front 114

CN11 innervates ___

Back 114

SCM
upper trapezius

Front 115

lower trapezius is innervated by ___

Back 115

C3-C4

Front 116

each SCM turns head ___ly

Back 116

contralaterally

Front 117

motor cortex (UMN) lesions for head turning cause weakness in turning ___ly
this implies that this pathway projects to ____ spinal accessory nucleus

Back 117

contralaterally
ipsilateral

Front 118

motor cortex (UMN) lesions for tongue movement cause ___ tongue deviation
LMN CN12 lesions cause ___ tongue deviation

Back 118

contralateral
ipsilateral

Front 119

CN12 emerges from medulla between ___ (2)
it has ___ fibers

Back 119

pyramid
inferior olive
GSE

Front 120

CN12 nucleus is ____
it is visible on ___ surface as ___

Back 120

hypoglossal nucleus
floor of 4th ventricle
hypoglossal trigone

Front 121

hypoglossal trigone is located ___ly

Back 121

medial to DMN of 10

Front 122

4 CN nuclei involved in laughing and crying

Back 122

7
9
10
12

Front 123

systems which are dependent on contralateral UMN input

Back 123

lower face (CN7)
soft palate (5, 10)
upper trapezius (11)
tongue (12)

Front 124

dumbbell shaped tumor at cranial foramen is likely ___

Back 124

schwannoma