Blumenfeld Neuroanatomy 06: Corticospinal Tract

Front 1

SC is perfused by ___ anterior spinal a.s and
___ posterior spinal a.s

Back 1

1
2

Front 2

anterior spinal a. arises from ___ at the rostral end,
___ in cervical region,
___ in thoracic region,
___ in lumbar region
and ___ in sacral region
at all levels except ___, these a.s reach the anterior spinal a. via ___s

Back 2

vertebral a.s
vertebral a.s
posterior intercostal a.s
lumbar a.s
sacral a.s
rostral end
anterior radicular a.s

Front 3

every spinal level is perfused by a ___,
which bring blood to ___;
those that perfuse ___ as well are called ___s
there are ___ of these

Back 3

segmental medullary a.
meninges
SC
radicular a.
6--10

Front 4

anterior spinal a. runs in ___

Back 4

anterior median sulcus

Front 5

anterior 2/3 of SC is perfused by ___ branches of ___
and penetrate the left + right in ___ manner

Back 5

sulcal a.s
anterior spinal a.
alternating (usually)

Front 6

___ is an important segmental medullary a. in lower thoracic region
it normally arises from ___
it gives rise to ___
it normally enters between levels ___ and ___

Back 6

major anterior segmental medullary a.
L posterior intercostal a.
great radicular a. of Adamkiewicz
T9
T12

Front 7

because it has few ___s, the interval ___ is called ___

Back 7

radicular a.
T4--T8
vulnerable zone

Front 8

posterior spinal a.s arise from ___ at the rostral end,
___ in cervical region,
___ in thoracic region,
___ in lumbar region
and ___ in sacral region
at all levels except ___, these a.s reach the posterior spinal a.s via ___s

Back 8

vertebral a.s or PICAs
vertebral a.s
posterior intercostal a.s
lumbar a.s
sacral a.s
rostral end
posterior radicular a.s

Front 9

venous drainage from SC occurs into ___ plexus,
located in ___
because it doesn't have ___, it is associated with ___

Back 9

Batson's
epidural space
valves
malignant or infectious seeding 2/2 elevated intra-abdominal pressure

Front 10

for motor control, brainstem sends output to ___ (2)

Back 10

lateral motor systems
medial motor systems

Front 11

for motor control, cortex sends output to ___ (3) and via ___ to ___

Back 11

lateral motor systems
medial motor systems
brainstem
BG
pons
cerebellum

Front 12

for motor control, BG sends output to ___, and via ___ to ___

Back 12

brainstem
thalamus
cortex

Front 13

for motor control, cerebellum sends output to ___, and via ___ to ___

Back 13

brainstem
thalamus
cortex

Front 14

2 lateral motor systems

Back 14

lateral CS tract
rubrospinal tract

Front 15

lateral CS tract begins in ___
decussation is in ___
it terminates at ___
function is ___

Back 15

1' motor cortex, etc
medullary pyramids
all cord levels
limb movement

Front 16

rubrospinal tract begins in ___
decussation is in ___
it terminates at ___
function is ___

Back 16

red nucleus (magnocellular division)
ventral tegmentum
C cord
limb movement but uncertain in humans

Front 17

4 medial motor systems

Back 17

anterior CS tract
medial vestibulospinal tract
lateral VST
reticulospinal tracts
tectospinal tract

Front 18

lateral motor systems synapse in ___
medial motor systems synapse in ___

Back 18

lateral aspect of anterior grey horn
medial aspect of anterior grey horn

Front 19

anterior CS tract begins in ___ (2)
decussation is in ___
it terminates at ___ (2)
function is ___

Back 19

1' motor cortex
SMA
none
C cord
upper T cord
axial muscle control

Front 20

medial VST begins in ___ (2)
decussation is in ___
it terminates at ___ (2)
function is ___

Back 20

medial vestibular nucleus
inferior vestibular nucleus
none
C cord
upper T cord
head/neck position

Front 21

lateral VST begins in ___
decussation is in ___
it terminates at ___
function is ___

Back 21

lateral vestibular nucleus
none
all cord levels
balance

Front 22

reticulospinal tract begins in ___
decussation is in ___
it terminates at ___
function is ___ (2)

Back 22

pontomedullary reticular formation
none
all cord levels
gait
posture

Front 23

tectospinal tract begins in ___
decussation is in ___
it terminates at ___
function is ___

Back 23

superior colliculus
dorsal tegmentum
C cord
head-eye movement coordination

Front 24

because they project to ___, unilateral lesions in medial systems do ___

Back 24

interneurons which project bilaterally
not usually cause paresis

Front 25

majority of lateral CS tract axons originate in ___ aka BA ___
majority of CS axons originate in cortex layer ___
3% of of CS axons belong to ___ cells

Back 25

1' motor cortex
4
5
Betz (giant pyramidal)

Front 26

lateral CS tract begins in ___ and continues to ___ (5)

Back 26

motor cortex
internal capsule
basis pedunculi
basis pontis
medullary pyramid
lateral CS tract

Front 27

in internal capsule, fibers for motor control of ___ are located anteriorly in ___,
with ___ (3) in order posteriorly

Back 27

face
posterior limb
arm
trunk
leg

Front 28

basis pedunculi is the ___ part of ___
it is anterior to ___

Back 28

anterior white matter
midbrain
substantia nigra

Front 29

at basis pedunculi, fibers for face are located ___ly,
for leg ___ly

Back 29

medial
lateral

Front 30

pyramidal decussation happens at level of ___
___% of fibers cross, with remainder comprising ___

Back 30

cervicomedullary junction
85
anterior CS tract

Front 31

in SC, lateral CS fibers for arm are located ___ly, for leg ___ly

Back 31

anteromedially
posterolaterally

Front 32

4 UMN sx

Back 32

weakness
increased tone
hyperreflexia
pathological reflexes

Front 33

5 LMN sx

Back 33

weakness
atrophy
fasciculations
decreased tone
hyporeflexia

Front 34

acute UMN lesions may present initially with ___

Back 34

LMN sx

Front 35

lesion in pure motor hemiparesis/plegia (face + arm + leg) is probably in one of ___ (4)

Back 35

corona radiata
posterior limb of internal capsule
middle 1/3 of basis pedunculi
basis pontis

Front 36

2 sx commonly associated with pure motor hemiparesis/plegia

Back 36

dysarthria
ataxia

Front 37

dysarthria with pure motor hemiparesis/plegia of is called ___
ataxia with pure motor hemiparesis/plegia is called ___
it is caused by involvement of ___

Back 37

dysarthria-pure motor hemiparesis
ataxia-hemiparesis
corticopontine fibers

Front 38

lesion in pure motor hemiparesis/plegia is probably subcortical because ___
lesion in pure motor hemiparesis/plegia must be above ___ because ___

Back 38

involvement of entire motor strip without sensory deficit is unlikely
medulla
otherwise face would be spared

Front 39

lesion in hemiparesis/plegia with somatosensory/oculomotor/higher cortical deficit is probably in one of ___ (5)

Back 39

cortex
corona radiata
posterior limb of internal capsule
middle 1/3 of basis pedunculi
basis pontis

Front 40

lesion in face-sparing hemiparesis/plegia is probably in one of ___ (2) and occasionally in ___

Back 40

cortex
CS tract below medulla
posterior aspect of posterior limb of internal capsule (sparing genu)

Front 41

face-sparing hemiparesis/plegia is aka ___
it is often caused by ___

Back 41

brachiocrural paresis/plegia
watershed infarct

Front 42

5 syndromes associated with face-sparing hemiparesis/plegia

Back 42

man in barrel
hemineglect
medial medullary
lateral medullary
Brown-Sequard

Front 43

lesion in unilateral paresis/plegia of face + arm is probably in ___

Back 43

cortex

Front 44

syndrome associated with unilateral face + arm paresis/plegia

Back 44

Broca's aphasia

Front 45

lesion in unilateral paresis/plegia of arm is probably in one of ___ (2)

Back 45

cortex
peripheral nerves to arm

Front 46

lesion in unilateral paresis/plegia of arm is probably in one of ___ (2)

Back 46

cortex
peripheral nerves to leg

Front 47

lesion in bilateral paresis/plegia of arms is probably in one of ___ (2)

Back 47

C cord medial fibers of lateral CS tracts b/l
C cord ventral horns b/l

Front 48

bilateral paresis/plegia of arms is aka ___

Back 48

brachial diparesis/diplegia

Front 49

lesion in bilateral paresis/plegia of legs is probably in one of ___ (2)

Back 49

cortex
SC below T1 lateral CS tracts b/l
cauda equina

Front 50

bilateral paresis/plegia of legs is aka ___

Back 50

paraparesis/paraplegia

Front 51

bilateral paresis/plegia of arms + legs (sparing face) is probably in one of ___ (3)

Back 51

lower medulla
CS tracts b/l above C5
b/l motor cortex

Front 52

rapid ___ from handshake position can detect ___

Back 52

supination
spastic catch

Front 53

spastic gait is caused by lesion in ___
2 features are ___
patients fall towards ___
arm swing is ___

Back 53

lateral CS tract
circumduction
toe walking
side with greater spasticity
decreased

Front 54

ataxic gait is caused by lesion in ___
2 features are ___
patients fall towards ___

Back 54

medial cerebellum
wide base
side-to-side staggering
side with worse pathology

Front 55

vertiginous gait is caused by lesion in one of ___ (3)
3 features are ___

Back 55

vestibular nuclei
vestibular nerve
semicircular canals
wide base
side-to-side staggering
Romberg sign

Front 56

frontal gait is caused by lesion in one of ___ (2)
2 features are ___

Back 56

frontal cortex
frontal subcortical white matter
narrow or wide base
shuffling/magnetic (gait apraxia)

Front 57

parkinsonian gait is caused by lesion in ___
5 features are ___

Back 57

BG
narrow base
shuffling
difficulty initiating
instability
retropulsion

Front 58

diskinetic gait is caused by lesion in one of ___ (2)
4 features are ___

Back 58

STN
other BG
athetosis
ballism
chorea
unsteadiness

Front 59

tabetic gait is caused by lesion in one of ___ (2)
4 features are ___

Back 59

dorsal columns
sensory nerves
high-stepping
foot flapping
difficulty in dark
Romberg sign