Blueprints Cases Neurology Shelf Prep

Front 1

lesion of the amygdala (bilateral) produces

Back 1

kluver-Bucy syndrome

hyperorality, hypersexuality, disinhibited behavior

Front 2

2cm lesion at the convexity (coronal suture) w/ dural tail

dx?
associated sx?
origin cell?
is there a family predisp?

what characteristic is specific to the malignant form of this?

most common locations?

pathological findings?

Back 2

meningioma

seizure, hemiparesis

arise from arachnoid cap cells

usually, meningiomas = sporatic and isolated; family hx may be sig for NF2-->
--bilat acoustic neuroma
--unilat acoustic neuroma + first degree relative
-- or unilat acoust neuroma + schwannoma, meningioma, acoustinc neuroma, neurofibroma, glioma, juvenile postsubcapsular lens opacity

brain invasion

convexity + parasaggital

EMA and vimentin stain+
psamomma bodies and whorls

Front 3

frontal lobe lesion produces

Back 3

disinhibition and deficits in concentratoin, orientation and judgement

may have reemergent primitive reflexes

Front 4

Right parietal lobe lesion

Back 4

spatial neglect (agnosia of the contralateral (left) side of the world)

Front 5

reticular activating system (midbrain) lesion produces

Back 5

reduced levels of arousal and wakefulness -- can cause coma

Front 6

myelination of CNS - origin?
PNS?

Back 6

CNS = oligodendrocytes - once cell myelinates many neuronal axons - forms much of the white matter -- origin = NE = have NISSLE

PNS = Schwann cells = neural crest, myelinates one oxon only (many schwann to one neuron)

Front 7

lesion of the mamillary bodies bilaterally porduces

Back 7

wernicke-korsakoff syndrome

wernicke: confusion, opthalmoplegia, ataxia

korsakoff = memory loss, confabulation, personality changes

Front 8

basal ganglia lesions

Back 8

tremor at rest, chorea, or athetosis

resting tremor = pill rolling tremor seen in parkinsons

chorea = sudden jerky purposeless movements - dancing in a sense - seen in huntingotons

athetosis = slow writing movements of the fingers (snakelike) -- also seen in huntingtons

Front 9

cerebellum hemisphere lesions

Back 9

intention tremor (characteristic of damage to the cerebellum = zigzag motion when point toward a target)

limb ataxia - dysmetria

dysdiadichokinesias (can't to finger to nose or heel to shin)

speech may be disarthric or scanning


hemispheres are laterally located and thus affect lateral limbs

Front 10

damage to schwann cells results in what?

Back 10

guillan barre
acoustic neuroma

Front 11

cerebellar vermis lesions

Back 11

Imbalance: Romberg + (with eyes open & closed) --ddx from DCML/dorsal column lesion where Romberg + (but nl with eyes open) -- can't do tandem giat

Truncal Ataxia = can't sit unsupported

Eyes: nystagmus, ocular dysmetria, poor pursuit

Front 12

HIV infects these nerve cells

Back 12

microglia = mutlinucleated giant cells in the CNS (mphages of the CNS)

Front 13

subthalamic nucleus lesion

Back 13

contralateral hemiballismus (this is actually part of the basal ganglia)

this is sudden wild flailing of 1 arm +/- 1 leg

commonly seen in lacunar stroke in a patient with a hx of htn, dm, hx smoking

Front 14

destroyed cells in MS

Back 14

oligodendroglia (CNS myelinators --myelination of many oxons)

Front 15

hippocampus leions

Back 15

anterograde amnesia = inability to make new memories

Front 16

PPRF lesion

Back 16

eyes look toward hemiplegia

(lesion is going to be in the pons which and grabs the CST -- so hemiplegia is contralateral to the lesion here)

Front 17

function of leptin

Back 17

inhibits lateral area of the hypothal (suppresses hunger)

increases activatiy of ventromedial area (encourages satiety)

signals satiety!!

Front 18

frontal eye fields lesion

blood supply?

Back 18

eyes look toward the lesion

located in the frontal lobe (premotor cortex)

MCA

Front 19

fuction of the cerebellum

input via what fibers?
from where?
to what?

output?

lateral vs medial cerebellar function

Back 19

maintains posture, muscle tone, and voluntary muscle coordination

input = climbing/mossy fibers
contralat cortex>>middle cerebaellar peduncle>>cerebellum

OR

ispilateral body input>>inf cereb peduncle>>cerebellum

OUTPUT = Pj fibers
used to modulate movement
deep nuclei of cerebellum>>super cerebell peduncle >>ipislat cortex

lateral = vol mov't of limbs
medial = trunk (ataxia ang gait and balance)

Front 20

tremor that worsens when holding posuter is a _____

tx?

Back 20

essential/postural tremor

AD

pts like to use ETOH to self medicate , we like to use BBs

Front 21

basal ganglia = what 3 structures

fucntion

Back 21

caudate, putamen, globus pallidus

regulates voluntary vs involuntary movement - postural adjustments

Front 22

thalamus funciton

blood supply of ventral thalamus? function?

blood supply of LGN and MGN and fucntion?

Back 22

major relaty for ascending sensory information that ultimately reaches the cortex

ventral thalamus = posterior communicatingl artery from the ICA
VPL = body sensation (all 5)
VPM= facial sensation (CN 5)
Venttral anterior and ventral lateral necule = motor

LGN (visual - projects via optic radiations to the occipital cortex) and the MGN (auditory)
-- both = Posterior cerebral via the basilar
-LG Anterior choroidal via the ICA

Front 23

basal ganglia input?

output?

dopamine's role?

loss of dopamine/

direct path?
indirect path?

Back 23

input = SN pars compacta (rel of dopamine) + cortex>>striatum (caudate and putamen)

output=globus pallidus interna and SN pars retinulata>>thalamus (modulate mov't)

direct = stimulation increases intended movement

indirect = stimulation decreases/inhibits UNintendend movement

dopamine turn the on on (direct on = intendend movement) and the off of = no unintended movement

no dopamine = parkinsons = no voluntary movement + uninteded mov't = resting tremor

Front 24

what composes the limbic system?

funciton?

Back 24

cingulate gyrus
hippocampus
fornix
mamillary bodies
amygdala
olfactory bulb

feeding, fleeing, fighting, feeling and fucking (5 f's)

Front 25

atrophy of the striatum causes what?

Back 25

chorea - think Huntingtons dz - no ACH here thus can't excite direct path or inhibit indirect path

Front 26

subthalamic nucleus acts in what pathway

lesion here is usually due to what and is caused by what?

Back 26

indirect pathway of movement modulation by basal ganglia

lesion = due to pt with long history of htn having a lacunar stroke, thus subthal lesion -- affects contralateral side

sx: sudden, wild flailing of one arm +/- leg = hemiballism

can't inhibit the thalamus via the globus pallidus without the STN

Front 27

essential/posture trauma vs intention tremor


resting tremor?

Back 27

essential tremor = worse when holding posture = AD; pt use ETOH here to decrease it --tx with BB

intention = slow zigzag motion when pointed toward target = cerebellar dysfunction

resting tremor = pill rolling tremor = degeneratoin of SN and lost dopamine = parkinsons

Front 28

thalamus locatoin

Back 28

surrounds 3rd ventricle
paired
between cortex and midbrain

Front 29

Romberg sign

what is it? sig?

Back 29

steady stance with feet together and eyes open - unsteady with eyes closed

implies deficit in joint position sense NOT cerebellar function

Front 30

testing for ataxia is best elicited by?

Back 30

tandem gait

Front 31

decreased arm swing during walking is sig for ____

Back 31

extrapyramidal disorerders