Blueprint Vocabulary

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Accuracy

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A number of measurements that conform to a specific standard.

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Aligned Dimensioning

Back 2

A method of dimensioning a drawing. All dimensions are placed to read from the bottom or right side of the sheet.

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Allowance

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A prescribed, intentional difference in the dimensions of mating parts. Positive allowance represents the minimum clearance between two mating parts. Negative allowance represents the maximum interference between parts.

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Alphabet of Lines

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A universally accepted standard set of lines used alone or in combination to make a technical drawing.

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ANSI

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American National Standards Institute

A major professionally recognized body in the United States that establishes industrial standards. Represents the united states in ISO standards setting.

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ASME

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American society of mechanical engineers publishes ANSI standards and establishes its own Engineering standards.

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Assembly Drawing

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A drawing containing all the parts of a structure or machine when it is assembled. Each part is drawn in the relative position in which it functions.

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Auxiliary view

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The true projection of a surface that does not lie in either a frontal, horizontal, or profile plane. A primary auxiliary view lies in a place that is parallel to the inclined surface from which features are projected in true size and shape.

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Axis

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An imaginary line that relates to particular features around which they rotate.

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Basic-Line Dimensioning

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A system of dimensioning the features of a part from a common set of datums.

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Basic Dimension

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A theoretically exact dimension that is used to describe the size, shape, or location of a feature.

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Basic Size

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The exact theoretical size from which all limiting allowances and tolerances are made.

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Bend Allowance

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The amount of materials required to form a sheet metal part to specific radius.

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Blueprint

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Any copy of an original drawing, including hard copies.

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CADD

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Computer-aided drafting and design.

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CAM

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Computer-aided manufacturing

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Chain Dimensioning

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Successive dimensions that extend from one feature to another. Tolerances accumulate unless a note indicates "Tolerances are not cumulative." CNC using incremental dimensioning does not accumulate tolerance, as the CPU compensates for machining errors.

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Cartesian Coordinates

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A 2D system of locating points using "X" and "Y"

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CIM

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Computer integrated manufacturing combining CADD/CAM and robotics.

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CNC

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computer integrated manufacturing combining cadd/cam and robotics.

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Computer

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An electronic device capable of making logical decisions according to programmed control input.

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Computer -Aided Drawing

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CAD - The interlocking of functions, products, and systems of individual computers (software and hardware) into hierarchical order applications. Control of design, processes, and products by a hierharchical order of computer input.

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Computer-Aided (Complete) Manufacturing

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(CAM) Applications of CNC and CADD to all facets of manufacturing inclusive of and ranging from product/process design, production, inspection and assembly, marketing, etc, to plant management.

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Constructed Parts

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Usually refer to components made for use in large scale, one of a kind structures made from reinforced steel, concrete, wood, masonry, and composite materials.

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Conversion Tables

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Cross-referenced equivalent mathematical values in two or more systems of measurement. Tables used to convert from U.S. customary units to metric values and vice versa.

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Countersunk Hole (CSK)

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A hole that is machined with a cone-shaped opening to a specified outside diameter and depth. A conical recess that provides an angular seat for flathead screws and other cone-shaped objects.

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CPU

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Central processing unit. Center of the computer where all control functions and calculations take place.

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Cutting Plane Line

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A thick, broken line representing an imaginary plane cutting through an object. The resulting view is a section view.

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Datum

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An exact reference point from which a line plane or feature dimension is taken or a geometric relationship is established.

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Decimal-Inch System of Dimensioning

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A system in which dimensions are given, where subdivisions of the inch or millimeter are in multiples of ten; such as 0.1", 0.01", and 0.001"

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Detail Drawing

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A drawing that includes all views needed to accurately describe a part and its features. Dimensions, notes, materials, heat treatment, quantity, etc. are included.

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Dimension

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Size and location measurements that appear on a drawing.

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Dimensional Measurements

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Measurements relating to plane surfaces; multiple surface objects; straight and curved lines; areas; angles; and volumes.

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Drafters

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Translate data graphical ideas and concepts of engineers, technicians, designers, and architects into detailed manufacturing or construction drawings.

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Engineering Work Order

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Instructions that give permanent change information from an original drawing. A drawing change may be called a revision change notice, or alteration. Information is recorded in the change block areas of the title block.

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Exploded Drawing

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A pictorial drawing showing each part of an assembled unit in its location in the order of assembly.

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Fabrication

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Layout and assembly of parts of a structure away from a job site.

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Feature

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Layout and assembly of parts of a structure away from a job site.

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Feature Control Symbol

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A simplified form of a geometric characteristic combined with tolerance information and datum references that appear on blueprints in an enclosed rectangeular box.

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First-Angle Projection

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The SI ISO metric standard of projection from quadrant I. Each view is drawn as projected through the object.

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First-Angle Projection Symbil

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The standard SI symbol indicating that the drawing is made by the metric first-angle projection method as opposed to third-angle projection.

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Fit

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The relationship between two mating parts produced by interference, clearance, or transition.

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Fixture

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A device used to accurately position and to hold a piece of part of subsequent machining processes.

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Flange

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An edge, rim, or collar usually at a right angle to the body of the part.

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Forging

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The forming of heated metals by hammering between forging dies (or rolling)

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Form Tolerancing

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The permitted variation of a part feature from the exact form identified on the drawing.

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Fusion Wleding

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The joining at a particular location of metals that are brought up to fusion temperatures.

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Geometric Control Symbols

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ANSI geometric characteristics symbols grouped according to form tolerance, location, tolerance, and runout tolerance.

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Geometric Tolerancing

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Specified tolerances that apply shape, form, or position of specific features of a part.

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Hard Copy (Blueprint)

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An end-use copy of an original drawing.

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Hard Conversion

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Features of an object designed to conform to standard sizes in the other system of measurement (SI metric or customary inch.) Objects designed by hard conversion are not interchangeable between two measurement systems.

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Interchangeable Parts

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Allows parts or mechanisms made anywhere in the world to be exchanged with another part made to the same specifications.

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Intersections

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The lines created at the point where two or more objects such as two planes meet or pass through each other.

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ISO

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International Organization for standardization

Composed of about 100 members nations, including the US, developing metric standards.

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Isometric Drawing

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A pictorial drawing of an object with all three axes making equal 120 degree angles with the picture plane. Measurements on each axis are made to the same scale.

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Jig

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A work-holding and tool-positioning and guiding device.

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Keyslot

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A slot machined in a shaft to receive a Woodruff (semi-circular type key)

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Keyway

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A groove cut into the hub area of a mating part to receive that portion of a key that extends beyond the shaft.

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LAN

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Local area network.

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Laser

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Derp.

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Lay

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The direction of the dominant surface pattern of the cutting or forming tool in the manufacture of a part.

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Limits

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The maximum and minimum or extreme permissible sizes of acceptance of a part.

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Location Dimensions

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A dimension that identifies the position of a surface, line, or feature in relation to other features.

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Machining Center

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A group of high-prevision, multi-functional machines for performing specific operations without needing secondary operations.

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Manufactured parts

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May involve casting, forging, and/or machine tools to produce objects from metallic, plastic, or organic materials.

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Mass Production

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The manufacturing, construction, or fabrication of large quantities of identical parts or assemblies in a short time span.

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Maximum Material Condition

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MMC

A condition where a part feature contains the maximum amount of material; for example, minimum hole diameter and maximum diameter of the mating.

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Measured Point

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The specific point at which each measurement ends.

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Metrication

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The international movement toward the universal adoption of the ISO metric system.

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MIG-Welding

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Metal Inert Gas Welding. Filler wire fed into a weld.

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Milling

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A material-removal process requiring a rotating cutting tool. Machining process performed on the milling machine.

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Multiview Projection

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The projection of two or more views of an object upon the picture plane in orthographic projection.

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Nominal Size

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A size that represents a particular dimension or unit of length without specific limits of accuracy.

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Notes

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A supplemental message found on a drawing that provides technical information. General notes relate to the entire drawing. Local notes give processing information relating to a specific area of the object.

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Numerical Control System Functions

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Basic NC system functions include controlling machine and tool positions, speed and feeds, shutdown, and recycling; establishing operation sequences; monitoring tool performance; and producing readouts.

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Oblique Drawing

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A pictorial drawing of an object that has one of its principal faces parallel to the plane of projection. Features on this face are seen and projected in true size and shape. The features on other planes are drawn oblique to the plane of projection at a selected angle.

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Ordinate Dimensioning

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An arrowless rectangular datum dimensioning system. Dimensions originate from two or three mutually related datums or zero coordinates.

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Origin

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The zero point in the Cartesian coordinate system.

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Orthographic Projection

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The standardized method of representing an object with details by projecting straight lines perpendicular from the object to two or more planes. Third-angle orthographic drawings are standard in the united states and canada.

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Part Programming

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Producing complete input information to machine a part by CNC.

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Perspective Drawing

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A pictorial drawing on which the features of an object appear to converge in the distance toward one, two, or three vanishing points.

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Pictorial Drawing

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A one-view drawing showing two or more faces of n object. The three major types of pictorial drawings are axonometric, oblique, and perspective.

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Plane of Projection

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An imaginary plane placed between the observer and the object. Assumed to be perpendicular to the line of sight.

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Positional Tolerancing

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The extent to which a feature is permitted to vary from the true or exact position indicated on the drawing.

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Print

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A copy of an original technical drawing. Generally called a blueprint regardless of the type or reproduction process.

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Profile

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The shape or contour of a surface. The profile is viewed on a plane that is perpendicular to the machined surface.

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Projection lines

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Very lightly drawn non reproducing layout lines used in instrument drawings and sketching.

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Reaming

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A machining process for finishing a hole to close dimensional and geometrical tolerancing standards.

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Rectangular (Cartesian) Coordinate System

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derp

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Reference Dimension

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REF

Dimensions given on a drawing to provide general information. Not used in the manufacture of a part.

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Regardless of feature size

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RFS - A condition of conforming to the tolerance of position or form regardless of the feature size within its tolerance.

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Resistance Welding

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A metal joining process that depends on the resistance of a metal to the flow of electricity to produce the heat for fusing the metal parts.

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Rib

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A design feature to strengthen a fabricated or molded part.

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Robotics

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A programmable, multifunctional, manipulator designed to move the materials, parts, tools, or specialized devices through motions performing a variety of tasks.

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Roughness

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The fine surface irregularities produced by cutting tools, feed marks, or other production processes.

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Scale

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A device (mechanical or computer generated) used to draw objects smaller or larger than their actual size.

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Sectional View

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A view produced by passing an imaginary cutting plane into an object at a selected location, removing the cut-away section, and exposing the internal details.

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Shading

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Additional lines, patterns, or total graduation to heighten illusion of depth.

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Soft Conversion

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Direct conversion of a measurement in one system to its equivalent in the other system. Provides equivalent measurements in two systems without regard to the standardization of parts in both systems.

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Solid Molding

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A refined type of computer modeling that recognizes both exterior and interior features of an object.

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Specifications

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Stated requirements that must be satisfied by a product, material, process, structure, component, or system.

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Spotfacing

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Producing a flat bearing surface over a small area of a part for purposes of seating a bolt or shoulder of a shaft.

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Stretchout

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A flat pattern development that, when formed, produces a sheet material product of a particular size and shape.

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Surface Texture

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The designation of the characteristics and conditions of a surface. Deviations from a nominal profile that forms the pattern of a surface. Deviations produced by roughness, waviness, lay, and flaws.

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Symbol

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A letter, numeral, character, or geometric design that is accepted as a standard to represent a feature, operation, part, component, etc.

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Symmetrical

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A condition where features on both sides of a center line are of equal form, dimensional size, and surface quality.

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Tabular Dimensioning

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An ordinate dimensioning system in which all dimensions are taken from datums. Each dimension on a drawing is identified by a reference letter with a corresponding numerical value found in a table or chart.

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Taper

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The uniform change in size along the length of a cylindrical part, as in the case of a taper shank, or on a flat surface, such as a wedge-shaped key.

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Tapping

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Forming a uniform internal thread using a hand or machine tap.

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Technical or Engineering Drawing

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Furnishes a graphical and mathematical description of the size, shape, and form of an object as well as other essential information needed to produce a physical object to the degree of precision specified.

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Technical Sketch

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A quick and inexpensive way to convey graphical instructions.

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Technician

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A person who works in a technical field as a member of an architectural or engineering support team.

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Thread Class Number

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A number appearing on a drawing with a thread note to indicate the required degree of accuracy between mating features of an external and internal thread.

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Thread Form

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The shape or profile of a thread. The most common thread form is based on a 60 degree included angle. American National Standard Unified threads and ISO metric threads use this angular form.

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TIG Welding

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Acronym for Tungsten Inert Gas, a gas shielded arc welding process.

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Title Block

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An area on a drawing containing details and specifications complementing the information given on the drawing. An information block usually located at the bottom right corner of the drawing.

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Tolerance

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A total permissible variation in the size of a part. The dimensional range within which a feature or part will perform a required function. The difference between upper and lower limits of a dimensions.

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True Position

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The theoreticallly exact reference location of a feature.

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Typical (TYP)

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A dimensional feature that applies to the locations where the dimension or feature is identical, unless otherwise noted.

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Undercut

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A recess at a point where a shaft changes size and mating parts fit flush against a shoulder.

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Undimensioned Drawings

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A technique used to produce parts and components that have a continuously changing profile, where the use of conventional dimensioning is impractical. Undimensioned parts (particularly in the aerospace industry) are often CNC-machined by controlling input information to the machine control unit (MCU)

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Unidirectional Dimensions

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Dimensions placed to read in one direction.

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Undirectional tolerance

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A single-direction tolerance that is specified as above or below a basic size.

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Visualization

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The process of creating a 3-D image of an object given its multiple views or imaging multiple views of an object given its 3-D drawing.

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Waviness

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The widest-spaced component of the surface; it covers a greater distance than the roughness-width cutoff.

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Welding Symbol

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A standard designation consisting of a reference line, arrow, and tail. Other symbols, code, letters, dimensions, and other notes are add.ed

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Wire frame model

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A refined type of computer modeling. The computer recognizes and produces only exterior surfaces.

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Working Drawing

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A multiview orthographic drawing that provides details for the design, manufacture, construction, or assembly of a part, machine, or structure.

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Zero Point

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The defined origin point of a CNC machine.

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Zoning

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A system of drawing sheet perimeter numbering and lettering establishing locations of objects.