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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Biochemistry
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all organisms consist of organic compound, share a genetic code of DNA or RNA and rely on Enzymes
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Biogeography
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The study of the distribution of living things
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Comparative Embryology
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the embryo's of different vertebrates are very similar suggesting they all evolved from a common ancestor
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Comparative anatomy
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study of differences and similarities in structure between different organisms
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DNA Hybridisation
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process by which DNA of different species can be compared
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Process of DNA Hybridisation
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Process: seperates two strands of the double helix from different species, single strands then mixed and cooled, hydrogen bonds reform
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Heredity
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Transfer of characteristics from one generation to the next
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Gregor Mendel
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Crossed two pure breeding pea plants and then crossed their offspring to determine the ideology of heredity
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Law of segregation (discovered by Gregor Mendel)
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an organisms characteristics are determined by genes
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Gamete
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Sex cell with only one gene present
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Homozygous
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same allele for a characteristic Example: TT
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Heterozygous
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these genotypes have different alleles for a characteristic Example: Tt
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Chromosome
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Long strand of DNA located in the Nucleus, always come in pairs one from the mother and one from the father
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Gene
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Selection of DNA on a chromosome which codes for a particular characteristic
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Alleles
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corresponding (matching) pairs of genes at the same position Example: GA
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Inheritance
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if two non affected parents have an affected child then the trait is recessive
If they have a non affected child then its dominant |
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Mendel's work was not recognized because?
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he only presented his paper to a small group of scientists
- no reputation as a scientist - his theories were radical |
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Phenotype
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the appearance of an organism resulting from the genotype
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Who proposed the chromosomal theory of inheritance?
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Walter Sutton
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who showed that chromosomes were transferred from one generation to the next through cell divison?
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Theodore Boveri
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What is DNA
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Deoxyribose nucleic acid, a double stranded helix made up of nucleotides
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what are Nucleotides made up of?
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a phosphate sugar and a nitrogenous base pair Example: Adenine and Thymine or Cytosine and guanine
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Crossing over
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crossing over of genetic materials during meiosis results in the exchange of genes between chromosomes
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Co - dominance
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no allele is dominant over the other causing both alleles to be expressed Example: Road coloured cattle that have both red and white alleles. This means the cow produced both red and white hairs giving it a roan colour
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Gene + Environment =
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Phenotype
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