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135 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Should pseudomonas be considered as one of the principal bacterial causes of neurological signs in the mouse?
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Yes
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What other organism which usually causes lesions in the kidney and liver also is carried latently and includes a clinical disease when the host is stressed?
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Corynebacterium kutscheri
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Streptococcus moniliformis is a gram negative / positive, anaerobe/aerobe and causes ________ fever in man.
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Gram negative anaerobe. Rat bite or Haverhill fever.
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What system does S. moniliformis affect in the mouse in the chronic stage?
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bones and joints -- arthritis -- purulent polyarthritis
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What other disease may this disease (S. moniliformis) resemble?
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Ectromelia, Tyzzers (diarrhea with acute fever) erysipelas and salmonellosis.
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C. kutscheri is a gram positive / negative diphtheroid bacillus.
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gram pos
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Clinical manifestations of C. kutscheri are related to what? Also what deficiency will elicit clinical signs?
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stress or factors that decrease immunocompetence. Pantothenate deficiency.
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What are the usual clinical signs of C. kutscheri infection?
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abscess of organs; primarily liver, lung, and kidney.
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What other name does this disease (C. kutscheri) go by? Why?
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pseudo TB -- because of showering of abscesses throughout.
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What system does this organism infect that is similar to Streptococcus moniliformis?
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joints and arthritis
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Pseudomonas is normally of low virulence and invasiveness.What would elicit clinical signs?
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immunosuppression, burn stress
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Tyzzers has also been associated with immunosuppression. What are clinical signs in the mouse?
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diarrhea -- anorexia, with weight loss, and death
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What are the principle gross lesions of tyzzers?
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Yellow-gray circular hepatic foci and intestinal inflammation
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Mycobacterium lepraemurium is an acid fast, obligate, extracellular bacteria. True or False.
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False. Intracellular
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What 2 salmonella spp. are most frequently associated with disease in mouse colonies?
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S. Typhimurium and S. enteritidis
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In acute salmonellosis what does one see?
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gastroenteritis; but often just a change of color of feces to a lighter color.
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The salmonella organisms are first detected in lymphocytic tissue (peyers patches and lymph nodes) and then go septicemic? How? By what route?
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lymph nodes, lymphatics, thoracic duct, blood.
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In chronic salmonella with constant shedding of organism in feces where does organism live?
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Spleen, lymph nodes, liver and gall bladder from where organism is discharged into feces.
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With what type rat is M. lepraemurium usually associated?
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Wild rat
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Clinical signs of leprosy in mice consist of lepromas. What and where are these lepromas?
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Lepromas are subcutaneous swellings (granulomas) or nodules. They are found in subcutaneous, lung, spleen, bone marrow, thymus, and lymph nodes (reticuloendothelial organs).
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What are lepra cells and where are they located?
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Leproma cells are large, foaming, epithelioid macrophages packed with acid- fast bacilli located in granulomas or lepromas.
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What organism causes multifocal pinpoint sized yellow abscesses of spleen, also latent in upper respiratory and a cervical lymphadenitis?
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Streptococcus spp.
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What organism causes abscesses mostly about head and neck area, also in periodontal region?
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Staph aureus
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What organism, a gram negative coccobacillus, causes latent or clinical upper respiratory tract infection and is usually stress related?
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Pasteurella pneumotropica
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What gram negative bacillus, commonly found organism, causes abscesses of lymph nodes in cervical region, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and is thought to be transmitted by oral trauma through sharp oat hulls?
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Klebsiella pneumonia
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What are the 3 species of Mycoplasma cause disease in mice?
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M. pulmonis, M. arthritidis, M. neurolyticum
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Which one (3 species of Mycoplasma cause disease in mice) produces an exotoxin?
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M. neurolyticum - causes rolling syndrome
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Rickettsia do not have / have cells walls with / without flagella.
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Have cell walls, without flagella
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Rickettsia are gram negative / positive and multiply by _________ _________ within host cells.
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gram negative, binary fission
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Most rickettsia are transmitted how?
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insect transmitted
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Rickettsia that affect vertebrates usually affect what system causing a vasculitis or affects what cell causing what clinical sign.
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Reticuloendothelium system, RBC causing hemolytic anemia
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R. akari causes what disease in man?
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Rickettsial pox
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What is the natural mammalian reservoir for the agent of R. akari and how is the agent transmitted?
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House mouse - Mus musculus. Transmitted by a bloodsucking mite, Allodermanyssus sanguineus
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There are 2 genera, __________ and ___________, in the family anaplasmaceae, that infect mice and rats as well as a wide variety of other animals.
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Eperythrozoon and Hemobartonella
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What are the species of the genera Eperythrozoon and Hemobartonella?
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Eperythrozoon coccoides, Hemobartenella muris.
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Both E. coccoides and H. muris have common characteristics: both are transmitted by __________; both can cause primary acute __________ with fever in mice; both can be ________ infectious for long periods of time.
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insects, anemia, latent
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E. coccoides has/does not have a cell wall and has/does not have a nucleus.
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No cell wall (a single limiting membrane) no nucleus
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In nature what is the vector (genus and species) of E. coccoides.
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mouse louse, Polyplax serratus
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H. muris is primarily a pathogen of _________.
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rats
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H. muris is an intracellular organism. True or False.
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False -- extracellular
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H. muris has/does not have a cell wall, and has/does not have a nucleus.
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No cell wall, no nucleus.
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In nature how is H. muris spread (genes and species)?
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rat louse, Polyplax spinulosa
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What is the infective dose of H. muris in rats?
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one organism; high infectivity
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Although the natural disease is usually inapparent, severe disease can occur by doing what to H. muris infected rats?
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splenectomizing them
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What system undergoes the greatest change with H. muris?
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Reticuloendothelial system
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There are 2 modes of clinical manifestations of H. muris; what are they?
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acute anemia and latency
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What viral agents are potentiated by E. coccoides? What agents are reduced in pathogenicity by E. coccoides?
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viruses enhanced are hepatitis virus, LCM virus, and LDH virus. Agents reduced in pathogenicity are plasmodial infections (malaria)
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With a few exceptions mice are relatively susceptible / nonsusceptible to the spotted fever group of rickettsia?
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nonsusceptible
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Chlamydia are intra / extracellular parasites?
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intracellular
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Chlamydia stain readily with any ________ stain.
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Romanowsky
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Name 2 species of chlamydia.
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Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydia psittaci
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Chlamydia trachomatis is characterized by compact / diffuse microcolonies that are inhibited by / resistant to sulfadiazine. C. psittaci is characterized by compact / diffuse microcolonies that are inhibited by resistance to sulfadiazine.
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C. trachomatis - compact micro- colonies and inhibited by sulfadiazine. C. psittaci - diffuse micro-colonies and resistant to sulfadiazine.
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Who or what is the primary host of C. trachomatis and what does it cause?
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man - causes trachoma, conjunctivitis, urogenital tract infections
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What does C. trachomatis cause in mice?
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Pneumonitis
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What is another name for the strain of C. trachomatis which causes disease in mice?
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'Nigg Agent' - because he was first guy to isolate it in 1942.
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What type of infection does C. Psittaci produce in mice?
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Latent infection
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Which chlamydia infects a wide range of avian and mammalian species including man?
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C. psittaci
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What 3 viruses have been primarily responsible for respiratory infections in mice?
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Sendai, PVM, K-virus
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Which 2 of Sendai, PVM, and K-virus cross-infect different lab animals i.e. hamster, rat, g.p and mouse.
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Sendai, PVM
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What type (family or genus) of virus is Sendai?
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paramyxovirus
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What human virus does it have a close antigenic relationship with?
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Human parainfluenza virus (HA-2)
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All strains of Sendai are considered antigenically homologous and of a single serotype. True or False.
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True
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Observed differences in pathogenicity in mice are due most probably to which of the following: different properties of virus strains or different susceptibility of host mouse strains.
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Different susceptibility of host mouse strains
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Of the 3 viruses (Sendai, PVM and K- virus) which is smallest, which is DNA or RNA virus?
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K virus is smallest and DNA = papovavirus Sendai and PVM are RNA = paramyxovirus
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The most common and reliable method for growth of Sendai virus is where?
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Embryonated hen eggs.
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Sendai virus grows well in most cultured mammalian cells. True or False.
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False. Does not grow well
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When Sendai is grown in a cell culture for which its not infectious it loses its hemolyzing and cell fusing abilities. Is it then still infectious for eggs?
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Yes
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What can be used to treat the cell cultured modified Sendai virus to give it back it hemolyzing and cell fusing abilities?
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Trypsin or proteolytic enzymes or normal chorioallantoic fluid.
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Virus persists longer in CV mice than in nude mice. True or False.
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False. Persists longer ( up to 5 wks) in nude mice only 2 wks in CV mice
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In what lab animals does Sendai virus naturally occur?
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Mice, rats, hamsters, g. pigs
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What age mice are most susceptible to Sendai?
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Suckling and aged
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Which is the most susceptible and the most resistant mouse strains to Sendai?
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129/J mouse 25,000X more sensitive than most resistant SJL/J
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Sendai virus is the leading cause of viral respiratory disease in mice. True or False.
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True
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Sendai virus produces 2 basic patterns of infection in mouse colonies. What are they?
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Chronic and acute
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Describe what happens in a chronic Sendai infection and in an acute infection.
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Chronic -- usually inapparent and self perpetuating Acute-- clinically apparent, short duration and either disappears or becomes enzootic (chronic)
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Describe what happens to virus and antibody in enzootic infection.
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Mostly in 3-6 wk old mice -- mostly subclinical-- virus persisting 2 wks, antibody formation in about 1-1 1/2 wk and lasting for 1 yrs. No latent virus in immuno competent mice. High mortality can occur in pre-weanlings (8-14 day ). Disease runs its cou
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If CV mice given penicillin treated water, will they survive longer or shorter than CV mice with no penicillin after Sendai is grow? Why?
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Survive longer - Sendai suppresses natural antibacterial action of lungs. Penicillin prevents secondary bacteria.
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What is Sendai virus affect on tumor cells to be transplanted into mice?
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Decrease transplantability
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What is the primary route of transmission of Sendai?
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airborne
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Will high relative humidity increase or decrease transmission rate of Sendai
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Increase
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Maintenance of enzootic infections is dependant upon what?
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susceptible mice being in colony
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What age mice are considered susceptible to Sendai and why?
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mice 5-7 weeks. Because young mice are passively immune and older mice have become actively immune and do not carry transmissible virus.
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In Sendai infections the absence of overt clinical signs is common. True or False.
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True
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Mortality is high in most strains when clinical signs do occur. True or False.
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False -- mortality low in infected healthy adults
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What clinical signs occur in severely affected animals?
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Hunched position with hair coat erect, eyes pasted shut and sunken, weight loss and labored respiration
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Describe gross lesion in lungs of Sendai infected mice.
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Plain colored with frothy blood stained fluid. Lung weight increases 50-
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Histopathology of Sendai has 3 distinct phases: acute, reparative and recovery. Describe histo in each phase.
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Acute ---- inflammatory response to virus and lysis of target cells. Reparative -- proliferation of regenerating target epithelium Recovery -- parenchymal scars and strictures that remain for life of animal.
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Besides the usual edema, etc of peribronchial and perivascular tissue what other lung pathology occurs and how long does it take to occur?
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Desquamation of bronchial epithelium begins by day 3. Bronchial exfoliation completed by day 9 or 10 post infection.
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When does the maximum level of regeneration of bronchial epithelium occur?
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By day 10 post infection
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What characteristic histopathological change occurs within the lumen of small bronchi during regeneration after infection with Sendai?
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Small polypoid outgrowths with myxomatous stalks
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A secondary form of aberrant repair occurs in the alveoli and is characterized by proliferation of _____ epithelium along the septa. This produces an 'adenomatoid arrangement around terminal bronchioles and is also referred to as _____________ ________
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cuboidal, alveolar bronchiolization
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Recovery of Sendai infected mice is generally complete. True or False.
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True
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There is some residual pathology after infection. What is the most common microscopic lesion seen?
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Permanently wrinkled lung lobes
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Are the microscopic lesions diffuse or focal?
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focal -- usually
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Polykaryotic or giant cells form naturally in mouse lungs as a direct result of the virus. True or False.
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false
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Sendai virus inoculated by parenteral route does not cause pneumonia. True or False.
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True
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What is the most sensitive means of determining Sendai infection in a mouse colony?
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evidence of seroconversion
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What is the best test to determine antibodies?
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ELISA
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Transplacental and gastrointestinal routes are important in passive immunization of young. True or False.
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True
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Passive maternal antibody in mice to Sendai is Ig___, not Ig_____.
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IgG not IgA
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There isn't a splenic response to Sendai until post-infection day 24. Therefore what organism is the MAJOR source of all 3 classes of serum antibody (IgG, IgA, and IgM) to Sendai virus?
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Lung
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Sendai virus is antigenically distinct from all other viruses known to infect lab rodents. True or False.
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True
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What is the most sensitive and popular technique to isolate virus from Sendai infected mice?
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Primary and secondary monkey (rhesus or Cyno) kidney cell cultures.
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Virus isolation is usually done by swabbing where in mice?
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Mouth, nasopharyngeal (turbinate) washings, or lung tissue extract
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Why is Sendai difficult to control?
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Highly infections and easily disseminated
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Once Sendai has infected the colony there are 2 ways to eliminate it. What are they?
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a. destroy colony and restore from disease free b. Remove all newborns, weanlings and pregnant females. Remainder of colony held static 2 months before breeding can resume.
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PVM belongs to the family _________, genus _______ which also contains human and Bovine resp syncytial virus.
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Paramyxoviridae, Pneumoviruses
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PVM is antigenically similar to many other paramyxoviridae. True or False.
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False, antigenically distinct from all Paramyxoviridae
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PVM shares other properties with respiratory syncytial virus and ____ virus.
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Mumps
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PVM is a very labile virus. True or False.
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True
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PVM is strictly pneumotropic. True or False.
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True
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What media is used to isolate PVM in culture?
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Hamster kidney cell culture
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The natural host range of PVM is restricted to what lab rodents?
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Mice, hamsters, rats (cotton rat - Sigmodon sp. and albino rat - rattus sp.) and perhaps g.p's
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Young appear to be more susceptible than older mice but what else has an influence?
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Diet
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Put in order the % infection (of PVM) in the different lab animal colonies: mice, rats, hamsters.
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Rats (62%), hamsters (45%), mice (20%)
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PVM is very contagious and transmits easily. True or False.
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False. Low contagiousness and transmissibility
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PVM is a diffuse disease throughout a colony. True or False.
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False very focal because of low contagiousness and transmissibility
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What is the normal pattern of infection in a colony: acute - inapparent or chronic - inapparent
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acute - inapparent
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Naturally infected mice with PVM develop severe clinical disease and die in some cases. True or False.
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False - no reports of any natural clinical disease causes by PVM
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Naturally infected mice with PVM are not likely to have much if any gross lesion. Why?
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Amount of virus infecting mice naturally is not large.
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Experimental infection with PVM is possible only by what route?
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intranasal
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Virus is pneumotropic. True or False.
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True
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PVM virus affects CV more than germ - free. True or False.
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False - Conventional and germ free are equally susceptible to experimental PVM
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What can be administered intranasally from 3 days pre to 4 days post PVM infection that will reduce severity of lung lesions?
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Streptococcal broth culture
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What anesthesia potentiates experimental PVM?
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Ether
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What is the most useful serologic test for PVM?
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ELISA
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What is the Map test?
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Mouse antibody production - test specimen inoculated into mouse for seroconversion in order to indirectly demonstrate a virus. Very time consuming -3-4 weeks.
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Is PVM transmitted by intrauterine route?
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No.
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How can PVM free mice be reared?
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Caesarian derived and maintained in barriers.
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What other mammalian species are natural hosts for PVM?
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None, not even man.
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The mouse K virus is what (family) type virus? What genus?
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Papovavirus, polyomavirus
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Is the K virus an RNA or DNA virus?
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DNA
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There is a murine polyoma virus that has a similar host range as K virus. Are these 2 viruses antigenically and serologically similar or distinct?
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Distinct
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At what age are mice susceptible to infection with K virus? At what age do they die?
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Mice of all ages are susceptible but only in suckling up to 8 days of age is it lethal
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Which test CF or HAI is more sensitive for determining seroconversion to K virus?
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CF
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