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124 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
CPR for Adults
CPR consists of 4 main parts, ABC&D. What does each letter stand for? |
Airway
Breathing Circulation Defibrillation |
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CPR for Adults
What is the purpose of chest compressions in CPR? |
keeps the blood flowing to the heart, brain, and other vital organs
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CPR for Adults
Where should you position yourself when performing chest compressions? |
at the victim's side
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CPR for Adults
How should the victim be placed when preforming CPR? |
on his back on a firm, flat surface
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CPR for Adults
Is it necessary to remove clothing to perform CPR? |
yes, you need to be able to see the victim's skin
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CPR for Adults
When performing chest compressions, where should the heel of your first hand be placed? |
on the center of the victim's bare chest between the nipples
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CPR for Adults
When performing chest compressions, where should the heel of your second hand be placed? |
on top of your first hand
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CPR for Adults
How should your arms and shoulders be positioned when performing chest compressions? |
arms should be straightened with your shoulders positioned directly over your hands
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CPR for Adults
When performing adult CPR, approximately how far should you press down with each chest compression? |
1 1/2 to 2 inches
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CPR for Adults
Why is it important to allow the chest to recoil / re-expand completely after each chest compression? |
full chest recoil allows more blood to refill the heart between chest compressions
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CPR for Adults
Chest compressions should be delivered in a smooth fashion at at rate of ________ compressions per minute. |
100
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CPR for Adults
True/false: Rescuers SHOULD NOT push hard and deep on the chest when performing chest compressions. |
FALSE - shallow chest compressions may not produce adequate blood flow.
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CPR for Adults
True/false: Rescuers SHOULD compress at a rate of 100 times per minute. |
TRUE
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CPR for Adults
True/false: Rescuers SHOULD NOT allow the chest to recoil completely after each compression. |
FALSE - complete chest recoil maximizes refilling of the heart.
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CPR for Adults
True/false: Rescuers SHOULD NOT interrupt chest compressions often or for long. |
TRUE
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CPR for Adults
Where should you position yourself when giving breaths during adult CPR? |
at the victim's side
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CPR for Adults
When performing the "Head Tilt--Chin Lift", one hand should be placed on the victim's forehead. Where should the other hand be placed? |
the fingers of the other hand should be placed under the bony part of the lower jaw near the chin
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CPR for Adults
What is the purpose of the "Head Tilt--Chin lift" technique? |
to relieve airway obstruction in an unresponsive victim
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CPR for Adults
Why should you not press deeply into the soft tissue under the chin when performing the "Head Tilt--Chin lift"? |
because this might obstruct the airway
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CPR for Adults
True/false: The victim's mouth should be closed completely when performing the "Head Tilt--Chin lift"? |
FALSE (unless mouth-to-nose breathing is the technique of choice for the victim)
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CPR for Adults
What is the overall purpose of mouth-to-mouth breathing? |
to provide oxygen to the victim
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CPR for Adults
A rescuer's exhaled air contains approximately _____% oxygen and _____% carbon dioxide. |
17% oxygen, 4% carbon dioxide
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CPR for Adults
What technique allows the victim's airway to be held open when performing mouth-to-mouth breathing? |
head tilt--chin lift
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CPR for Adults
What should you do to the victim's nose during mouth-to-mouth breathing? |
pinch it
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CPR for Adults
True/false: Rescuers SHOULD take deep breaths when performing mouth-to-mouth breathing? |
False - rescuers should take a regular breath
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CPR for Adults
How many breaths should be given during mouth-to-mouth breathing in adult victims between chest compressions? |
2 breaths total
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CPR for Adults
How long should you give a breath during mouth-to-mouth breathing? |
1 second
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CPR for Adults
What may occur if you give breaths too quickly or with too much force in mouth-to-mouth breathing? |
gastric inflation
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CPR for Adults
What indicator should you watch for when giving mouth-to-mouth to ensure that the victim is receiving air? |
watch for the chest to rise
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CPR for Adults
If the chest does not rise during mouth-to-mouth breathing, what step should be repeated? |
the head tilt--chin lift
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CPR for Adults
If you give breaths too quickly or with too much force, air is likely to enter the stomach rather than the lungs. This can cause what? |
gastric inflation
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CPR for Adults
What is required by OSHA to be used when giving breaths? |
a barrier device such as a face mask or a bag-mask device
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CPR for Adults
When acting as a lone rescuer, where should you position yourself in relation to the victim? Why? |
at the victim's side because this allows you to give breaths and perform chest compressions
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CPR for Adults
What marker should be used to properly place a mask on the victim's face? |
the bridge of the nose
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CPR for Adults
Describe how your hands and fingers should be placed to properly seal a mask on a victim's face. |
using the hand closer to the victim's head, place the index finger and thumb along the border of the mask
use the thumb of the other hand to hold down the lower margin of the mask |
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CPR for Adults
What is the compression-ventilation ratio for lone rescuers for victims of all ages except neonates? |
30 compressions to 2 breaths
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CPR for Adults
What is the first action you should take upon finding a victim? |
access the victim for a response
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CPR for Adults
What is the ideal length of time that should be taken to open the victim's airway and check breathing? |
at least five seconds but no more than 10 seconds
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CPR for Adults
You access a victim and find that there is no adequate breathing. What is the next step you should take? |
give 2 breaths
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CPR for Adults
You have found a victim unresponsive and not breathing properly. After giving the victim 2 breaths, what is the next step you should take? |
check the pulse, taking at least five seconds but no more than 10 seconds
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CPR for Adults
If you do not definitely feel a pulse in an unresponsive victim, what is the next step you should take? |
perform 5 cycles of compressions and ventilations at a ratio of 30:2
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CPR for Adults
When checking the pulse of an unresponsive victim, what should you do if you feel a definite pulse? |
give 1 breath every 5-6 seconds, rechecking the pulse every 2 minutes
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CPR for Adults
True/false If you are alone and find an unresponsive victim, you SHOULD begin CPR immediately if no one is available to help you. |
FALSE- if you are alone and no one responds to you calls for help, you should activate the emergency response system (get an AED if available) and then begin CPR
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CPR for Adults
To check for breathing you should Look, Listen & Feel for what? |
Look for the victim's chest to rise and fall.
Listen for air escaping during exhalation. Feel for the flow of air against your cheek. |
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CPR for Adults
Where should you check for a pulse on an unresponsive victim? |
the carotid pulse
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CPR for Children (1 yr. to Puberty)
What are the signs of puberty in females and males? |
breast development in females
underarm, chest, and facial hair in males |
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CPR for Children (1 yr. to Puberty)
When giving breaths to children, make sure you give only enough air to do what? |
make the chest rise
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CPR for Children (1 yr. to Puberty)
What should the depth of chest compressions be in children? |
1/3 to 1/2 the depth of the chest
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CPR for Children (1 yr. to Puberty)
If a child's heart rate is less than ____ beats per minute with signs of poor perfusion, you should start CPR. |
60
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CPR for Children (1 yr. to Puberty)
True/False If you find an unresponsive child victim, you SHOULD provide 5 cycles of CPR before leaving the child to activate the emergency response system. |
TRUE - the only time a lone rescuer should activate the emergency response system before giving CPR to a child victim is if the child collapses suddenly
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CPR for Children (1 yr. to Puberty)
If a child has a definite pulse, how often should you give 1 breath? |
every 3 seconds
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CPR for Children (1 yr. to Puberty)
What is the ratio of compressions to ventilations for a lone rescuer? What is the ratio for two rescuers? |
Lone rescuer = 30 compressions to 2 ventilations
Two rescuers = 15 compressions to 2 ventilations |
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CPR for Children (1 yr. to Puberty)
When should an AED be used for a sudden, witnessed collapse of a child? |
immediately
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Adult/Child Bag-Mask Technique
Where should you position yourself if you are a single rescuer using the bag mask? |
directly above the victim's head
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Adult/Child Bag-Mask Technique
What technique is used to hold the mask in place while you lift the jaw to hold the airway open? |
E-C clamp technique
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Adult/Child Bag-Mask Technique
Describe the E-C clamp technique. |
Use the thumb and index finger of one hand to make a "C", pressing the edges of the mask to the face. Use the remaining fingers to lift the angles of the jaw and open the airway (these 3 fingers form an "E")
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Adult/Child Bag-Mask Technique
Describe the technique used for 2 rescuers using a bag mask. |
1 rescuer opens the airway with the head tilt-jaw lift technique and holds the mask while the other squeezes the mask
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What is rescue breathing?
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breaths given to a victim when they have a pulse
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How often should breaths be given to adults in rescue breathing?
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1 breath every 5-6 seconds
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How often should breaths be given to children in rescue breathing?
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1 breath every 3 seconds
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How often should the pulse be taken when providing rescue breathing?
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every 2 minutes
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2 rescuer CPR for Adults & Children
Upon finding a victim, what should the second rescuer do while the first rescuer begins CPR? |
activate the emergency response system and get the AED
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2 rescuer CPR for Adults and Children
2 rescuers should take turns doing chest compressions. How often should they rotate? |
After every 5 cycles of CPR (about every 2 minutes)
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2 rescuer CPR for Adults and Children
Rescuer #1, located @ the victim's side, is responsible for what? |
Chest compressions
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2 rescuer CPR for Adults and Children
Rescuer #2, located @ the victim's head, is responsible for what? |
Maintaining an open airway and giving breaths
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Why should rescuers avoid giving too many breaths during CPR?
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to avoid hyperventilation, which can worsen the outcome of cardiac arrest
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2 rescuer CPR for Adults and Children
When an advanced airway (LMA, combitube, or endotracheal tube) is in place during 2-person CPR for victims of all ages, what is the rate of breaths? |
1 breath every 6-8 seconds
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2 rescuer CPR for Adults and Children
There SHOULD NOT be a pause in chest compressions for delivery of breaths when an advanced airway is in place during 2 person CPR. |
TRUE
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Automated External Defibrillator
The most common initial rhythm in witnessed sudden cardiac arrest is what? |
Ventricular fibrillation (VF)
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Automated External Defibrillator
What happens to the heart when VF is present? |
it quivers and does not pump blood
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Automated External Defibrillator
VF deteriorates to _________ if not treated. |
asystole
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Automated External Defibrillator
AEDs should only be used when the victim has what 3 clinical findings? |
- no response
- no breathing - no pulse |
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Automated External Defibrillator
A patient in cardiac arrest may demonstrate ________ _______, which are not the same as effective breathing. |
agonal gasps
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Automated External Defibrillator
What is the age limit for child pads? |
under the age of 8
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Automated External Defibrillator
Where should the 2 electrode pads be placed on the body? |
- first on the upper-right side of the bare chest to the right of the breastbone, directly below the collarbone
- second to the left of the nipple, a few inches below the left arm pit |
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Automated External Defibrillator
You should always _______ the victim when analyzing the rhythm or shocking. |
clear
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Automated External Defibrillator
What should begin as soon as the AED gives a shock? |
CPR starting with chest compressions
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Automated External Defibrillator
How long will CPR continue before the AED prompts you to re-analyze (and possibly shock) the victim? |
2 minutes
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Automated External Defibrillator
For unwitnessed, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in children, what should occur before using and attaching the AED? |
5 cycles (about 2 minutes) of CPR
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Automated External Defibrillator
When should an AED be used for in-hospital cardiac arrest of a child or for any sudden collapse of a child out-of-hospital? |
as soon as it is available
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Automated External Defibrillator
What is the course of action if you are treating a child and the AED you have does NOT deliver a child dose nor have child sized pads? |
You may use the adult pads and deliver the adult dose
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Automated External Defibrillator
What should you do if the AED displays a "No Shock Indicated" message? |
resume CPR with chest compressions - do NOT recheck the pulse
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Automated External Defibrillator
What is the current recommendation for the use of AEDs in infants less than a year old? |
Not enough evidence for or against the use of AEDs
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Automated External Defibrillator
What should you do if the victim's chest is hairy? |
press firmly on the pads, quickly pulling them off to remove excess hair if error message continues. If there is still a large amount of hair on the chest, shave using the razor in the AED carrying case
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Automated External Defibrillator
What do you do if water cover's the victim's chest? |
You must wipe down the area - water is a good conductor of electricity and can prevent the adequate shock dose to the heart.
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Automated External Defibrillator
What is the course of action for a victim with an implanted defibrillator/pacemaker? |
place the AED electrode pad at least 1 inch to the side of the implanted device; follow normal steps for operating the AED
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Automated External Defibrillator
Why should you not place AED electrodes directly on top of a medication patch? |
may cause small burns to the skin because the patch interferes with proper delivery of electricity
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CPR for infants
What is the infant BLS sequence? |
Airway
Breathing Circulation |
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CPR for infants
Where should you place an infant to perform CPR? |
on a firm, flat surface
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CPR for infants
What is the technique for chest compressions of an infant? |
2 finger chest compressions given at a rate of about 100 compressions per minute
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CPR for infants
How far should you push an infant's breastbone down to perform chest compressions? |
about 1/3 to 1/2 the depth of the chest
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CPR for infants
What is the most common structure causing airway obstruction in an unresponsive child or infant? |
the tongue
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CPR for infants
True/False Mouth-to-mouth-and-nose is the preferred method for giving breaths to infants? |
TRUE
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CPR for infants
For a lone rescuer, at what point do you activate the emergency response system? |
After performing 5 cycles of CPR
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CPR for infants
Where is the pulse taken in infants? |
brachial artery
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CPR for infants
What is the proper technique for locating a brachial pulse? |
place 2 or 3 fingers on the inside of the upper arm, between the elbow and shoulder.
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CPR for infants
Describe the proper fit of the mask used in the bag-mask technique for rescue breathing. |
mask must be able to cover the victim's mouth and nose completely without covering the eyes or overlapping the chin.
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CPR for infants
What increment should breaths be given in for rescue breathing in infants and children? |
1 second breath every 3-5 seconds
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CPR for infants
Describe the 2 Thumb-encircling hands technique. |
encircle the infant's chest and support the infant's back with the fingers of both hands, using the 2 thumbs to depress the breastbone approximately 1/3 to 1/2 the depth of the infant's chest
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CPR for infants
What is the compression/breath ratio for 2 rescuers? |
15:2
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Relief of Choking
The public should use what to indicate the need for help when choking? |
the universal choking sign
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Relief of Choking
What should be performed in place of abdominal thrusts if a victim is pregnant or obese? |
Chest thrusts
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Relief of Choking
Are there any risks associated with abdominal thrusts? |
yes, for example damage to internal organs. A victim who has received abdominal thrusts should be examined by a healthcare provider.
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Relief of Choking
In the sequence of actions after relief of choking, what should you do if there is no pulse or breathing? |
perform chest compressions and attach the AED
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Relief of Choking
In the sequence of actions after relief of choking, what should you do if a pulse is present but the victim is not breathing? |
continue rescue breathing and check for pulse every 2 minutes
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Relief of Choking
In the sequence of actions after relief of choking, what should you do if a pulse is present and the victim is breathing? |
place the victim in the recovery position and continue monitoring until EMS arrives
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Relief of Choking
What should you do if you find a responsive choking victim lying down? |
perform the abdominal thrusts with the victim lying down
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Relief of Choking
Mild or Severe Obstruction? **Good air exchange** |
Mild
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Relief of Choking
Mild or Severe Airway Obstruction? **Responsive and can cough forcefully** |
Mild
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Relief of Choking
Mild or Severe Airway Obstruction? **May wheeze between coughs** |
Mild
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Relief of Choking
Mild or Severe Airway Obstruction? **poor or no air exchange** |
Severe
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Relief of Choking
Mild or Severe Airway Obstruction? **Weak, ineffective cough or no cough at all** |
Severe
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Relief of Choking
Mild or Severe Airway Obstruction? **High-pitched noise while inhaling or no noise at all** |
Severe
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Relief of Choking
Mild or Severe Airway Obstruction? **Increased respiratory difficulty** |
Severe
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Relief of Choking
Mild or Severe Airway Obstruction? **Possible cyanosis** |
Severe
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Relief of Choking
Mild or Severe Airway Obstruction? **unable to cry** |
Severe
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Relief of Choking
Mild or Severe Airway Obstruction? **Unable to move air** |
Severe
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Relief of Choking
Clearing an object for an infant's airway requires a combination of _____ _____ and chest thrusts. |
Back slaps
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Relief of Choking
What is the sequence of back slaps and chest thrusts to relieve choking in a responsive infant? |
deliver up to 5 back slaps, and then provide up to 5 quick downward chest thrusts
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Relief of Choking
Where should the hand be placed when performing chest thrusts on an infant? |
the same location as chest compressions
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Relief of Choking
What should you do if an infant becomes unresponsive? |
You will begin CPR
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Special Considerations
What is the purpose of applying cricoid pressure, or Sellick's technique? |
helps prevent gastric inflation during positive-pressure ventilation of unresponsive victims
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Special Considerations
If you suspect a cervical spine injury, you should open the airway using what technique? |
jaw thrust
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Special Considerations
Describe the recovery position. |
victim on side, positioned to maintain an open airway
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