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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Conductive Hearing:
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-problems in the middle ear or outer ear
-sound is not transmitted into the inner ear -individual hears faint voices that he/she finds it difficult to understand -occurs when sound is not conducted efficiently through the outer ear canal to the ear drum and the ossicles (small bones) of the middle ear |
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This hearing condition can often be corrected medically or surgically:
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Conductive hearing loss
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Sensorineural hearing loss
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Problems due to nerve damage in the inner ear
-proper signal is not transmitted to the brain |
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This hearing condition is the most common type of permanent hearing loss and generally cannot be medically or surgically corrected:
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Sensorineural hearing loss
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What are some causes for conductive hearing loss?
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-Fluid in the middle ear from colds
-Ear infection -Allergies -Poor Eustachian tube function -Perforated ear drum -Benign tumors -Impacted earwax -Infection in the ear canal -Presence of a foreign body |
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What are some causes for Sensorineural Hearing loss?
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-Illnesses
-Drugs -Genetic of Heredity causes -Aging -Head trauma -Malformation of the inner ear -Exposure to loud noise |
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What are ways for communication when having a hearing impairment?
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-ASL (American Sign Language)
-Signed English -Cued Speech -Speech Reading -Finger Spelling -Interpreter |
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Speech Reading is another way of saying ___________
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Lip reading
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Most recognition of sounds is at age _________. (Because of this, speech reading ability depends on when someone loses their hearing).
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Age 2
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_____% to ____% of words are able to speech read (lip read) in the English language
-Other languages are easier and harder |
30% to 35%
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Someone with a hearing loss may be able to hear up to ______% if a _________________ and ____________ are included.
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Hear up to 90%
-Hearing Device and Lip reader are included |
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True or False: Speech Reading has its challenges because many sounds are quite different phonetically than on paper
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True
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Around ________% of people who are hard of hearing are able to speech read?
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20%
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True of False: Speech reading is an expectation of the hearing world but seen negatively in the deaf culture
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True
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What is mixed hearing loss?
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Both conductive and sensorineural hearing loss occurring at the same time
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What is Tinnitus?
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Sensation of hearing a ringing or roaring sound that does not come from a person's surroundings
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Does someone with Tinnitus always hear a ringing or roaring sound?
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No, it may be continuous but it can also come and go
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Tinnitus may keep time with the person's _____________or it may coincide with the person's _______________.
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Heartbeat
Breathing |
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People who have tinnitus usually hear the ringing or roaring sound from where?
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People affected usually hear the sound in one ear or from inside their head
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People who have tinnitus most often notice the ringing/roaring sound when?
and how is this condition usually treated? |
Most noticeable in a quiet environment
-Treated by using a background noise to mask the ringing/roaring sound |
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What is "Deaf Culture"?
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A set of learned behaviors and perceptions that shape the values and norms of deaf people based on their shared or common experiences
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Deaf Culture: A social, communal, and creative force of, by, and for deaf people based on ASL. It encompasses __________, ___________, _________, ___________, ____________, ___________, and ___________. It's also an attitude and as such can be a weapon of prejudice. "If you're not one of us, you don't belong."
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-Communication
-Social Protocol -Art -Entertainment -Recreation -Travel -and Worship |
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What does the deaf community believe about the medical community?
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Believe that the medical community only focuses on what's wrong
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How does the medical community view deafness?
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They view deafness as a disability and something that needs to be "fixed"
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Deaf community does not think there is anything "wrong" with them and believe that deafness is a _________ rather than a disability.
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Culture
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Deaf culture maintains certain rules of protocol that differ from what's considered socially acceptable to people who are not deaf. What is an example of this?
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In U.S. culture, it's considered forward for two persons to maintain a steady, locked gaze into each others eyes. In the deaf culture, it happens all the time. (lip reading could be a reason why)
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True or false: In hearing culture, a restaurant waiter must never touch a diner. In deaf culture, it's acceptable for a waiter to touch a diner's shoulder to get their attention.
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True
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According to deaf culture, what should one do when they leave a room if someone deaf is in that room?
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They think that a person should notify the deaf person that they are leaving the room, even if it's just to use the bathroom really quick
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What are the 4 hearing conditions we learned in class?
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Conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, Mixed hearing loss, and tinnitus.
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How does IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education) define a physical ability?
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A person with an orthopedic impairment, brain injury, or other health impairment who, by reason of that impairment, needs special education and related services is considered to have a physical disability.
***-The condition must interfere with or substantially limit the child's ability to take part in routine school activities. |
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Others define physical disabilities as "Inability to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to last or has lasted for a continuous period of not less than ____________(how long/time)
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12 Months (a year)
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The term physical disabilities is broad and covers a range of disabilities and health issues, including both _________ and ________ disabilities.
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Congenital and Acquired
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True or False: The terms "Wheelchair Bound" or "Confined to a Wheelchair" are appropriate.
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False
"A person who uses a wheelchair" would be acceptable |
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Spinal Cord Injury (damage to what/results from what)
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Spinal cord trauma is damage to the spinal cord
-It may result from direct injury to the cord itself or indirectly from disease of the surrounding bones, tissues or blood vessels. |
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What disability is the most common reason individuals are in a wheel chair?
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Spinal Cord Injury
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What are the two types of spinal cord injury?
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Quadriplegic and Paraplegic
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What is Quadriplegic (Spinal Cord Injury) ?
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Someone suffering from damage to the nerves that manage the arms and legs, resulting in paralysis and loss of sensation
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What is Paraplegic (Spinal Cord Injury) ?
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Someone who has lost the use of their trunk, legs, or pelvic organs; this condition results from trauma to the thoracic, lumbar, or sacral spinal nerves.
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How are quadriplegics and paraplegics similar?
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They are similar because they both result in either total or partial loss of movement or sensation below the injury. Both can also result in being able to feel apart of the body but unable to move it or able to move one limb more than the other.
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How do quadriplegics and paraplegics differ?
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Quadriplegics- inability to move their arms and legs, normally from severe injuries that occur in the neck
Paraplegics- have an injury further down the spinal cord and experience a loss of sensation and movement in their legs and in part or all of their trunk. There is normally some use in the hands and arms. |
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What are some Causes of Spinal Cord Injuries (Such as quadriplegic and paraplegic) ?
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-Assault
-Falls -Gunshot Wounds -Industrial Accidents -Motor Vehicle Accidents -Sports Injuries (Particularly diving into shallow water) |
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What are some Risk Factors for Spinal Cord Injuries (Such as quadriplegic and paraplegic) ?
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-Participating in risky physical activities
-Not wearing protective gear during work or play -Diving into shallow water |
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What are some workplace accommodations for people with Physical Disabilities?
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-Flexible scheduling so a person who cannot drive can access public transportation
-Accessible parking -Accessible route of travel from parking lot into building -Accessible restrooms, lunchroom, break room, etc. -Accessible route of travel to a person's work station -Work from home if transportation to work is not available -Ergonomic workstation (optimum comfort) |
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What are some ADL workplace accommodations for people with disabilities?
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-Allow a personal attendant to assist with eating, grooming, and toileting
-Allow periodic rest breaks for repositioning, toileting or grooming needs -Provide flexible scheduling and allow use of sick leave for medical care |
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What is Cerebral Palsy?
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A group of chronic conditions affecting body movement and muscle coordination
-Variable on how it effects indiv. (mild, moderate, severe) -Cerebral=brain, Palsy=muscle weakness -It is also common for individual to also have cortical vision loss |
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An individual with cerebral palsy may or may not be or have what?
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-May or may not be cognitively impaired
-May or may not have a learning disability -May or may not have speech affected |
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What is Ataxic Cerebral Palsy?
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*Low Muscle Tone
*Poor Coordination of Movement *Poor Balance -Shakiness and tremors make writing, page turning, or using a keyboard difficult to perform -Poor balance and unsteady walking requires more mental concentration or more time to complete the movements |
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What is Athetoid Cerebral Palsy?
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*Involves Mixed Muscle Tone- It's either too high or too low
*Walking, sitting upright and maintaining posture control takes extra work and concentration *Random Involuntary Movements-Results in movements of the face, arms, and legs -About 1/4 of people with CP have this kind |
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Which type of CP is more common, Ataxic or Athetoid?
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Athetoid CP is more common than Ataxic (Spastic CP is the most common of them all but is not in our PP)
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What is mixed CP?
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When muscle tone is too low in some muscles and too high in others
-1/4 of people with CP have this type |
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What is CP caused from?
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One or more specific areas of the brain during prenatal development, during pregnancy, or during birth
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What are treatment options for people with CP?
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*Better than treatment would be management of individual functional limitations CP may cause- Such as muscle spacity, cognitive impairment, visual impairment, balance, and digestion
-Surgery -Braces/ Wheelchair/ Walker/ Cane -Physical Therapy -Occupational Therapy |
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muscle spacity, cognitive impairment, visual impairment, balance, and digestion are all possible functional limitations for which disability?
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Cerebral Palsy
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What is Muscular Dystrophy?
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A group of genetic diseases marked by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal or voluntary muscles which control movement
-The muscles of the heart and some other involuntary muscles are also affected in some forms of muscular dystrophy, and a few forms involve other organs as well. |
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____ out of ____ individuals is someone with MD
(Common, or rare?) |
1 out of 50,000 individuals is someone with MD
(Very rare)!! |
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What are symptoms of muscular dystrophy?
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*Most individuals with MD have extreme fatigue and weakness as well as
-speech -mobility -and fine motor limitations *In addition, scoliosis, or curvature of the spine is common |
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What are treatment options for people with MD?
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-Moderate exercise programs and physical therapy can minimize contractures, and certain exercises can prevent or delay scoliosis
-Surgery to delay scoliosis -Corticosteroids have been found to slow muscle destruction in some forms of MD, but can have serious side effects |
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What are some functional limitations for an individual with muscular dystrophy?
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-Problems with Balance
-Joint Weakness -Muscle Weakness |
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What are some accommodations for people with MD?
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-Mobility Aid
-Personal Attendant -Longer Breaks -Flexible Schedule -Split Shifts -Find alternative Access/Medium Stand/Adaptive Technology (Each person varies and it depends on what you are accommodating for) |
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What are the 3 Broad Categories for Physical Disabilities?
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-Spinal Cord Injury
-Cerebral Palsy -Muscular Dystrophy |
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Psychiatric Disability/Mental illness Definition:
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Mental Illness is a range of mental and emotional conditions
-The term mental illness also refers to one portion of the broader ADA term of Mental Impairment *The term psychiatric disability is used when mental illness significantly interferes with the performance of major life activities |
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What are the 4 broad categories of Psychiatric Disabilities as well as each categories conditions (also name the other 2 categories that are sometimes considered psychiatric but more commonly as cognitive)
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*Anxiety Disorders: (Panic disorders, phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder and PTSD)
*Mood Disorders: (Depression and Bipolar) *Schizophrenia *Substance Abuse (The other 2 are ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder) |
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What are the most common forms of mental illness/psychiatric disabilities?
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Anxiety disorders (most common), Mood disorders, and Schizophrenia disorders
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True or False: Mental Illnesses often come and go and do not always follow a pattern, making it difficult to predict when symptoms and functioning will flare up, even if treatment recommendations are followed
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True
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Anxiety Disorder are characterized by what?
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Severe fear and anxiety associated with particular objects and situations
*Most common group of Mental Illnesses |
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What are Panic Disorders characterized by?
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(Anxiety disorder /psychiatric disorder)
*Characterized by unexpected and repeated episodes of intense fear and by physical symptoms that may include chest pain, heart palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, or abdominal distress |
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What are some sign and symptoms of Panic Disorders?
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*Feelings of terror that strike suddenly and repeatedly with no warning
-During an attack one may: have heart pounding, feel sweaty/weak/faint/dizzy, have tingly/numb feeling in hands, feel a sense of unreality, or fear of impending doom or loss of control |
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What are some different types of Phobias?
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(Anxiety disorder /psychiatric disorder)
Simple Phobia: Excessive fear of particular objects Social Phobias: Situations exposing a person to possible judgement by others Agoraphobia: Situations where escape may be difficult |
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What are some signs and symptoms of Phobias?
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...blah
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