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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Liver
Megakaryocyte |
Thrombopoietin
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Kidney
Erythrokaryocyte |
Erythropoietin
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Cytokine Influence Cell Fate Decision
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Hematopoietic Regulation
Instructive Model |
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HSC Randomly Commit to Differentiate or Self Renew
Cytokine Functioning Only to Allow Survival and Proliferation of Commit Cell |
Hematopoietic Regulation
Stochatic Model |
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Commit Erythroid Progenitor Cell Proliferate/Differentiate into Mature Circulate NonNucleate Erythrocyte that Transport Oxygen
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Erythropoiesis
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Provide ATP for Regulation of Intracellular Cation Concentration (Na(+) K(+) Ca(++) Mg(++))
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Erythrocyte
Emden Meyerhof |
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NADPH and Glutathione to Reduce Oxidant
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Erythrocyte
Hexose Monophosphate Shunt |
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2 3 BPG to Facilitate O2 Release to Tissue
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Erythrocyte
Rapoport Leubbering |
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Protect Hemoglobin from Oxidation
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Methemoglobin Reductase
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Alpha 2 / Beta 2
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Hemoglobin A
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Alpha 2 / Delta 2
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Hemoglobin A2
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Alpha 2 / Gamma 2
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Hemoglobin F
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Increase in Number of Circulate Erythrocyte
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Erythrocytosis
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No Increase in Erythrocyte Mass
Decrease in Plasma Volume |
Relative Erythrocytosis
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Dehydration
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Relative Erythrocytosis
Cause |
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Increase in Erythrocyte Mass
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Absolute Erythrocytosis
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Hypoxia
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Absolute Erythrocytosis
Cause |
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Erythrocyte Count
Erythrocyte Index Hematocrit Hemoglobin Concentration Peripheral Smear |
Complete Blood Count
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Automate Impedance Count
Count within Fix Volume Male 4.4 to 5.7 M/uL Female 3.8 to 5.2 M/uL Increase with Hypoxemia |
Erythrocyte Count
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Pack Cell Volume
Total Volume of Erythrocyte Relative to Total Volume of Whole Blood 0.45 |
Hematocrit
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Highest at Birth
Lowest at 2 Month Male 0.40 to 0.50 Female 0.35 to 0.47 |
Hematocrit
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Indirect Measure of O2 Carry Compacity
Erythrocyte Lyse Free Hemoglobin React with Potassium Cyanide Form Cyanmethemoglobin Spectrophotometry |
Hemoglobin Concentration
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Male 13 to 17 g/dL
Female 12 to15 g/dL Highest at Birth Lowest at 2 Month |
Hemoglobin Concentration
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Mean Volume of Erythrocyte
Volume Unit (FemtoLiter) MCV = Hematocrit / Erythrocyte Count Voltage Proportional to Volume |
Mean Corpuscular Volume
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Normocytic 80 to 100
Microcytic <80 Macrocytic >100 |
Mean Corpuscular Volume
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Average Concentration of Hemoglobin in Given Volume of Pack Erythrocyte
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Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration
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MCHC = Hemoglobin / Hematocrit
Color of Erythrocyte Normochromic Hypochromic |
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration
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NO Hyperchromic
32 to 36 g/dL |
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration
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Variation in Size
Coefficient of Variation of Erythrocyte Volume RDW = Standard Deviation of MCV x 100 / Mean MCV |
Erythrocyte Distribution Width
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10.0 to 14.5 %
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Erythrocyte Distribution Width
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Wright Giemsa Stain
Feather Edge |
Smear
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7 um Disc
Central Pallor (1/3 Diameter) |
Smear
Normal Erythrocyte |
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Nonspecific Variation in Shape
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Poikilocytosis
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Nonspecific Variation in Size
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Anisocytosis
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Diameter > 8 um
MCV > 100 Oval or Round Normochromic (No Polychromasia) |
Macrocytosis
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Vitamin B12/Folate Deficiency
Aplastic Anemia Myelodysplastic Syndrome Chemotherapy |
Oval Macrocyte
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ALCOHOLISM
LIVER DISEASE Post Splenectomy Hyper/Hypothyroidism Malaria |
Round Macrocyte
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Diameter < 6 um
MCV < 80 Hypochromic (> 1/3 Central Pallor) |
Microcyte
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Iron Deficiency
Thalessemia Lead Poison |
Microcyte
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Microcytic
3 to 12 Irregular Membrane Spike No Central Pallor |
Acanthocyte
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Abetalipoproteinemia
Advance Liver Disease McLeod Blood Group |
> 10 % Acanthocyte
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Post Splenectomy
Myeloproliferative Disorder Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia Autoimune Hemolytic Anemia |
< 10 % Acanthocyte
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Spicule Narrow Base
Uneven Distribution Microcytic No Central Pallor |
Acanthocyte
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Spiculate Erythrocyte
10 to 30 Short/Even Distribute Projection Normocytic Central Pallor |
Echinocyte
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Artifact (Most Common Cause)
Uremia/Chronic Renal Failure Immediate Post Transfusion |
Echinocyte
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Bite Cell/Helmet Cell/Horn Cell/Keratocyte
Microcytic Irregular Size/Shape No Central Pallor |
Schistocyte
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DISSEMINATE INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION
HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIA PURPURA Malignant Hypertension Microangiopathic Anemia Severe Burn Uremia |
Schistocyte
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Dacryocyte
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Tear Drop Cell
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Myelofibrosis
Myelofibrosis with Myeloid Metaplasia Basement Membrane Infiltration by Hematologic or Carinomatous Malignancy |
Daryocyte
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Drepanocyte
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Sickle Cell
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Polymerize Hemoglobin
> 10 um Crescent |
Drepanocyte
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SS Disease
SC Disease SD Disease S Beta Thalessemia |
Drepanocyte
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Acanthocyte
Dacryocyte Drepanocyte Echinocyte Schistocyte |
Spiculate Erythrocyte
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Parallel Side
Normal < 1 % > 10 % Hereditary Ovalocytosis (Abnormal Skeletal Muscle Membrane Protein) Megaloblastic Anemia Thalassemia Iron Deficiency (Severe) |
Ovalocyte
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Round/Thick/No Central Pallor
Microcytic Normal to Reduce MCV |
Spherocyte
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Hereditary Spherocytosis (Intrinsic Deficit of Spectrin)
Immune Hemolytic Anemia Thermal Injury Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia |
Spherocyte
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Central Pallor Slit/Straight/Fish Mouth
Hereditary Stomatocytosis Rh Null Disease |
Stomatocyte
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Central Dark Region within Central Pallor (Bulls Eye)
Excessive Membrane Lipid in Liver Disease Less Interior Content in Thalessemia Artifact |
Target Cell
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Iron Deficiency Anemia
Thalessemia Hemoglobinopathy (SS C SC E) Post Splenectomy Liver Disease (Obstructive Jaundice) Artifact |
Target Cell
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Basophilic Stippling
Cabot Ring Howell Jolly Body Pappenheimer Body |
Erythrocyte Inclusion
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Siderosome
Heinz Body (Denature Hemoglobin) Crystal (Hemoglobin C) Bacteria Parasite (Malaria/Babesiosis) Artifact (Contamination/Platelet) |
Erythrocyte Inclusion
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Abnormal Aggregate of Ribosome
Wright Giemsa Stain |
Course Basophilic Stippling
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Lead Poison
Thalassemia Refractory Anemia (MDS) Sideroblastic Anemia (MSD) Megaloblastic Anemia (B12/Folate) Sickle Cell Anemia |
Course Basophilic Stippling
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RNA Degradation Incomplete
Ribosome Abnormal Wright Giemsa Stain (Precipitate RNA) |
Basophilic Stippling
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DNA Fragment (Nuclear Extrusion)
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Howell Jolly Body
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Chromosome separate from Mitotic Spindle and Remain in Cytoplasm
Megaloblastic Anemia MPS |
Howell Jolly Body
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Spherical Intracytoplasmic Inclusion
Iron Stain Negative Round/Eccentric 1 um |
Howell Jolly Body
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Hyposlenism
Asplenia Megaloblastic Anemia Leukemia/MPS Hemolytic Anemia (Severe) |
Howell Jolly Body
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Iron Particle Wright Giemsa Stain
Abnormal Sidersome (Iron/Protein Metrix) |
Pappenheimer Body
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Blue Granule/Irregular Edge
Peripheral Iron Stain Positive |
Pappenheimer Body
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Siderblastic Anemia (MDS)
Thalassemia Megaloblasic Anemia Hemolytic Anemia Post Splenectomy |
Pappenheimer Body
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Iron Stain Negative
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Howell Jolly Body
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Iron Stain Positive
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Pappenheimer Body
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Remnant of Mitotic Spindle
Red/Purple Ring |
Cabot Ring
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Lead Poison
Megaloblastic Anemia Dyserythropoiesis |
Cabot Ring
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"Stack of Coin" (> 4)
Hypergammaglobulinemia |
Roleaux
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Chronic Infection
Liver Disease Lymphoma Multiple Myeloma |
Roleaux
Hypergammaglobulinemia |
