Bloodborne And Airborne Pathagens

Front 1

What is a Pathogen?

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Is any agent that produces disease

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Pathogens Include?

Back 2

viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, prions, parasitic worms and rickettsia

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Bloodborne pathogens are?

Back 3

disease-causing microorganisms carried in the blood

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Common bloodborne pathogens include?

Back 4

hepatitis B virus,(HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

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Bloodborne Pathogens may be transmitted through?

Back 5

unprotected contact with contaminated blood or body fluids.

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Airborne pathogens are?

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disease-causing agents that spread infection through mechanisms such as droplets or dust.

Front 7

An example of a Airborne Pathogen is?

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common cold spread by coughing and sneezing.

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Several elements must exist for a pathogen to cause illness or disease. These elements are referred to as?

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chain of transmission

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Source

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infected patient or animal

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Portal of exit

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Mouth, nose, cut, needle puncture

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Route of transmission

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Contact, air/droplet, food, vector

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Portal of entry

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Mouth, nose, cut, needle puncture

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Susceptible host

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someone or something that has low immunity due to age, disease

Front 14

OPIM

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other potentially infectious materials

Front 15

Pathogens and the Law

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Because certain occupations may involve contact with blood or OPIMs, the U.S. Department of Labor's Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has issued regulations to reduce or eliminate employee exposure to bloodborne and airborne pathogens.

Front 16

Meeting OSHA Standards, The goal of this training is to?

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educate employees regarding various pathogens and how to minimize or eliminate exposure to pathogens by using standard precautions, personal protective equipment, administrative controls, work practice controls and engineering controls.

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Standard precautions

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are a group of infection prevention practices that apply to all patients regardless.

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Employees who are required to handle human blood or OPIMs must receive training in?

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various pathogens as well as on site training

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The scope of the Standards is not limited to employees, with job descriptions that include?

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expected, direct, occupational exposure to blood and OPIMs

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The Standards also address employees with?

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the potential for exposure, not just actual exposure.

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Any employee who has occupational exposure to?

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blood or OPIMs is included within the scope

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All employees initially assigned tasks with potential for occupational exposure to blood or OPIMs must receive training on?

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the hazards associated with blood and OPIMs

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Training is provided at least annually and must be provided within?

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1 year of the original training

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Whenever there is a change in responsibilities, procedures, or work situation affects an employee's occupational exposure

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additional training, or retraining must take place.

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Who has occupational exposure to blood or OPIMs?

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Physicians, nurses, housekeepers in health care facilities, personnel in hospital laundries, employees in blood banks. Employees in correctional facilities, employees designated to provide emergency first aid and so on.

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FYI- the employer must maintain records in a way that segregates

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sharps injuries from other types of work-related injuries in sharps injury logs.

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OSHA and the _________________ have identified strategies to prevent or reduce exposure to bloodborne pathogens and OPIMs.

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CDC Centers for Disease Control

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The factors most often associated with transmission of disease include the presence of the pathogen in the source blood or OPIM, the type of injury or contact (eg. Splash or puncture wound) the pathogen level present in the source individual, the host's current health, and vaccination status. OSHA seeks

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to “break” the chain of transmission at one or more points Along the chain

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Routes of Transmission- the five routes of transmission are?

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are contact, droplet, air, food, and vector.

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The key to infection prevention in the occupational setting primarily revolves around?

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interrupting the contact, droplet, and airborne transmission routes.

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What is the most common transmission routes

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Contact transmission, It can be classified as direct contact or indirect contact.

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Direct contact occurs when?

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A pathogen is transmitted from person to person.

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Indirect contact transmission occurs when?

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a person is exposed to pathogens on fomites (contaminated objects) such as bed linens, instruments, and soiled dressings.

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Droplet transmission occurs when?

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droplets contaminated with infectious pathogens are expelled during coughing, sneezing, talking, or aerosol generating procedures such as suctioning, and are transferred through the Air to a host's mucous membranes within 3-6 inches of the infected person

Front 35

. In some circumstances, pathogens considered to be transmitted by _______________ may also be transmitted by way of contact or airborne methods.

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Droplets

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Airborne transmission occurs when?

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microdroplets carrying a pathogen are generated by an infected person coughing,sneezing, or talking

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While airborne pathogens are passed through the air and infect another host via the respiratory tract, these pathogens do not always cause?

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respiratory Illnesses

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The most well-known airborne-transmitted disease is?

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tuberculosis (TB), which does affect the respiratory system as well as other organ systems.

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Both _____________ and the _____________ believe that preventing pathogen exposures requires a comprehensive program of strategies:

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OSHA, CDC

Front 40

Administrative controls (eg. Vaccinations)
Engineering controls (eg. Needleless devices
Work practice controls (eg. Hand hygiene, no recapping of needles
Examples of these controls include exclusion of ill health care workers, infection prevention and control training programs, and vaccination programs.
Most administrative controls seek to address the last chain in the chain of transmission are all examples of?

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Hierarchy of Controls

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The susceptible host. Several factors influence susceptibility, including

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gender, race, genetics, and vaccination status among others

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The employee can and should learn to reduce stress, exercising, and refraining from risky behaviors, in addition to?

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maintaining current vaccinations.

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Engineering controls include any effort to design ________ into tools and workspace organization. Handwashing facilities, eye stations, sharps containers, biohazard labels, self-sheathing needles. Engineering controls include any object that comes between you and the potential infectious material

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Safety

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Regulated waste containers must be labeled with the ___________ label or color coded to warn individuals who may have contact with the containers.

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biohazard

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An annual review of your employer's exposure control plan should include identification of new ___________ ________

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safety devices.

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Regularly scheduled ____________ are required to confirm that engineering controls such as safety devices continue to function effectively

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inspections

Front 47

OSHA defines contaminated sharps as any contaminated object that can ___________ the skin including but not limited to needles, scalpels, broken capillary tubes, and exposed ends of dental wires.

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penetrate

Front 48

Contaminated needles or other contaminated sharps must not be?

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bent, recapped, or removed.

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Needle removal or recapping needles must be accomplished through a one-handed technique or _________ device.

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mechanical

Front 50

Nurses (RNs and LPNs) sustain more ____________ injuries than any other type of health care worker. Most injuries occur during disposal of sharp devices

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needlestick

Front 51

When examining the contents of a sharps container, pour the contents of the container out on?

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a surface for inspection.

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Acceptable Sharps Containers – The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates sharps disposal containers as

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Class II medical devices

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A sharps container must be closable,__________ ________, leak proof on sides and bottom and labeled or color coded in accordance with the Standard.

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puncture resistant