Blood Vessels Chapter 15

Front 1

What is the a wave?

Back 1

first and most prominent. Result of brief backflow of blood to vena cave during right atrial contraction

Front 2

What is the c wave?

Back 2

transmitted impusle from the closure of the AV truscupid valve during ventricular systole

Front 3

v wave

Back 3

occurs late in ventricular systole. caused by increasing pressure in r atrium

Front 4

x slope

Back 4

downward intensity of venous pulsation caused by passive atrial filling

Front 5

y slope

Back 5

follows the v wave and reflects opening triscupid valve and rapid ventricular filling

Front 6

which arteries are most useful for evaluating cardiac function. why

Back 6

carotid, theyre easily accessible and close to the heart

Front 7

brutis

Back 7

unexpected sounds or murmurs that can be ascultated in the peripheral arteries

Front 8

What is claudication? What can it indicate?

Back 8

Pain resulting from muscle ischemia particularly in lower limbs. Peripheral artery disease. Intermittent, agitated by activity and relieved by several minutes of rest.

Front 9

Alternating pulse

Back 9

abnormal pulse characterized by oscillations between strong and weak pulses. Can be indicitive of left ventricular failure

Front 10

pulsus bisferiens

Back 10

irregular pulse characterized by two main peaks often due to aortic stenosis and insufficency. listen for in carotid artery

Front 11

bigmineal pule

Back 11

normal pulsation followed by premature contraction associated with disorders of heart rhythm

Front 12

bounding pulse

Back 12

hyperkinetic 3+ pulse. can be due to a number of factors including aortic rigidity and atherosclerosis or even just exercise

Front 13

paradoxic pulse

Back 13

exaggerated decrease in amplitude of pulse during inspiration and increase during expiration. can be due to asthma, emphysema, pericadrial effusion, or premature cardiac contraction

Front 14

waterhammer pulse

Back 14

collapsing pulse due to aortic regurgitation. high amplitude followed by rapid descent

Front 15

What artery can pain in calf muscles be associated with?

Back 15

superficial femoral artery

Front 16

what artery can pain in thigh be associated with?

Back 16

common femoral or external iliac artery

Front 17

what artery can pain in buttocks be associated with

Back 17

common iliac or distal abdominal aorta

Front 18

how long should it take for normal capillaries to refill?

Back 18

less than 2 seconds

Front 19

homan sign

Back 19

calf pain upon flexion of knee and doriflexion of foot that may indicate venous thrombosis

Front 20

grade 1 edema

Back 20

slight pitting no visible distortion disappears readily ~2cm

Front 21

grade 2 edema

Back 21

deeper than 1, disappears in 10-15 seconds ~4cm

Front 22

grade 3 edema

Back 22

noticeably deep pitting 6cm that may last for more than a minute, associated extremity appears full and swollen

Front 23

grade 4 edema

Back 23

8+ cm that lasts 2 to 5 minutes or longer and is grossly distorted

Front 24

What is temportal arteritis

Back 24

inflammatory disease of branches of aortic arch of unknown etiology

Front 25

what is an arterial aneurysm

Back 25

localized dilation ~1.5 x the diameter of normal artery caused by weaking of the wall

Front 26

what might a thrill or bruit indicate

Back 26

can indicate underlying aneurysm

Front 27

AV fistula

Back 27

pathologic communication between artery and vein. if sufficently large a-v shunting can occur

Front 28

PAD

Back 28

peripheral artery disease caused by stenosis and decresed blood flow to extremities due to atherosclerotic plaques

Front 29

raynaud phenomenon

Back 29

distal arteriolar spasm in relation to cold

primary- commonly in young healthy women

secondary- associated with underlying CT disease such as scleroderma or lupis

Front 30

What may cause an arterial embolic disease

Back 30

dislodged embolus causing downstream necrosis when embedded in a distal artery

Front 31

venous thrombosis

Back 31

can be sudden or gradual. often due to stasis, malignancy, hypercoagulability, or pregnancy

Front 32

what can tricuspid regurgitation cause

Back 32

jugular venous pressure increase can be indicitave of right heart failure

Front 33

where is the most common location for aortic coarctation

Back 33

descending aortic arch near origin of left SCA and ligamentum arteriosum

Front 34

kawasaki disease

Back 34

acute small vessel vasculitic illness that affects young males and is of an unknown origin. strawberry tongue and edema of hands and feet are presenting symptoms.

Front 35

preeclampsia/eclampsia

Back 35

hypertension occuring after 20th week of pregnancy. esclampsia includes siezures as well

Front 36

venuous ulceration

Back 36

occurs in older patients often due to lack of venous flow and lower extremity hypertension proximal to the slowed flow