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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the arteries? |
- Carry blood away from the heart into arterioles |
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What are arterioles? |
- Smaller arteries that control blood flow from arteries to capillaries |
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What are capillaries? |
- Tiny vessels that link arterioles to the veins |
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What are veins? |
- Carry blood from capillaries back to the heart |
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What is the basic structure of all blood vessels? |
- tough, fibrous outer layer: resist pressure changes - muscle layer: contract to control flow of blood - elastic layer: maintain blood pressure;stretch/spring back - thin inner lining (endothelium): smooth=reduce friction;thin=diffusion - lumen: central cavity blood flows through |
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What two arteries do not carry oxygenated blood? |
- Pulmonary artery: carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs - Umbilical artery: carries deoxygenated blood from foetus to mother |
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What is the structure of the arteries compared to other blood vessels? |
- thick muscle layer compared to veins - thick elastic layer compared to veins - overall wall thickness great - no valves |
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How does the artery having a thicker muscle layer than the veins relate to its function? |
- smaller arteries constrict/dilate=control blood volume in them |
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How does the artery having a thick elastic layer than the veins relate to its function? |
- keep blood pressure up - stretches in systole/springs back in diastole=maintain smooth pressure when heart beats |
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How does the artery overall great wall thickness relate to its function? |
- resist vessel bursting under pressure |
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How does the artery having no valves relate to its function? |
- Blood at high pressure constantly=doesn't flow backwards |
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What is the structure of the arterioles compared to other blood vessels? |
- thicker muscle layer compared arteries - thinner elastic layer compared to arteries |
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How does the arterioles thicker muscle layer compared to arteries relate to its function? |
- constrict the lumen=restrict blood flow=control movement of blood into the capillaries |
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How does the arterioles thinner elastic layer compared to arteries relate to its function? |
- blood pressure lower |
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Which two veins do not carry deoxygenated blood? |
- Pulmonary vein: carries oxygenated blood from lungs to the heart - Umbilical vein: carries oxygenated blood from the mother to the foetus |
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What is the superior vena cava? |
- Vein carries blood from the upper body to the heart |
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What is the inferior vena cava? |
- vein carries blood from the lower body to the heart |
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What is the structure of the veins? |
- thin muscle layer - thin elastic layer - overall wall thickness small - valves at intervals |
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How does the veins thin muscle layer relate to its function? |
- Carries blood away from tissures=constriction/dilation can't control blood flow to tissues |
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How does the veins thin elastic layer relate to its function? |
- Blood low pressure=won't burst/too low for recoil action |
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How does the veins overall small wall thickness relate to its function? |
- Blood pressure low=no risk of bursting - flattened easily=aid blood flow |
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How does the veins having valves at interval relate to its function? |
- prevent backflow (low pressure) - directs blood in one direction |
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What is the structure of a capillary? |
- Extremely thin walls - Numerous/highly branched - Narrow diameter - narrow lumen - spaces between endothelium |
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How does the capillaries extremely thin walls relate to its function? |
- short diffusion distance=rapid diffusion into body cells |
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How does the capillaries being numerous and highly branched relate to its function? |
- large SA for gas exchange |
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How does the capillaries narrow diameter relate to its function? |
- Permeate tissues=no cell far away from capillary=short diffusion distance |
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How does the capillaries narrow lumen relate to its function? |
- RBCs squeezed flat=closer to cells=reduce diffusion distance |
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How does the capillaries having spaces between the endothelium relates to its function? |
- WBCs escape=deal with tissue infections |
