Blood Vessels And Circulation

Front 1

Muscular, Elastic vessels That carry blood away from the heart.

Back 1

Arteries

Front 2

Small branches of arteries

Back 2

Arteriols

Front 3

Tiny,thin walled vessels: Site of exchange between blood and tissues

Back 3

Capillaries

Front 4

Small Branches which merge to form Veins

Back 4

Venules

Front 5

Thin wall vessel that carry's blood to the heart

Back 5

Veins

Front 6

Arteries Carry oxygenated blood away to the heart, veins carry deoxygenated blood to the heart

Back 6

Systemic Circuit

Front 7

Arteries Carry deoxygenated away from the heart, veins carry oxygenated blood to the heart

Back 7

Pulmunary Circuit

Front 8

Three artery layers

Back 8

Tunica externa(nerve endings), Tunica media(thickest), Tunica Interna(simple squamous epithelium)

Front 9

Allow arteries to stretch, then recoil to original size.

Back 9

Elastic Fiber

Front 10

Allows Changes in vessel diameter

Back 10

Smooth Muscle

Front 11

Decreased Diameter in vessel

Back 11

Vasoconstriction

Front 12

Increased diameter in vessel

Back 12

Vasodilation

Front 13

Largest Diameter artery closest to the heart. Arota, Pulmunary trunk. Have a higher elastic fiber and less smooth muscle.

Back 13

Elastic Arteries

Front 14

Strech to accommodate surge of blood from the heart; store mechanical energy to recoil and move blood forward. Maintains the pressure.

Back 14

Elastic artery also called pressure reservoirs or conducting arteries.

Front 15

Conduct blood from heart to arterial branches.

Back 15

Conducting Arteries

Front 16

Medium size artery, also Distrubuting arteries-distribute blood to diffrent body regions. Brachial/Femoral arteries.

Back 16

Muscular Artery

Front 17

Smallest diameter artery branches in tissue delivers blood to capillaries. Also called resistance vessels.

Back 17

Arterioles

Front 18

Microscopic vessels,No tunica media or tunica externa

Back 18

Capillaries

Front 19

Site of diffusion of material between blood and tissue. Found in most tissue numbers depend on medibolic rate of tissue.

Back 19

Exchange vessels

Front 20

10-100 capillaries supplying a tissue region Metarteriol/thoroughfare channel. Direct path from a arteriole to a venule.

Back 20

Capillary Bed

Front 21

Regulate blood flow into capillaries or thoroughfare channel, alternatley open or close based on the needs of the tissue.

Back 21

Precapillarie Sphincters

Front 22

Types of Capillaries
(three)

Back 22

Continous Capillary
Fenestrated Capillary
Sinusoids

Front 23

Least permeable capillary found in most tissue has intercellular gaps to allow passage of water and small solutes and lipid soluble materials. No RBC OR PROTIENS

Back 23

Continous Capillaries

Front 24

More permeable intercellular gaps+ Frenestraions: Pores in the epithelial cells FOUND AT SITES OF- filtration, asorbtion and secretion.

Back 24

Fenestrated Capillaries

Front 25

Large, Most Permeable large fenistrations and intercellular gaps FOUND AT SITES FOR PROTEIN AND CELLULAR EXCHANGE (RED BONE MARROW) how RBC&WBC get into blood stream

Back 25

Sinusiods

Front 26

Carry blood from capillaries to veins. Very thin near capillaries. Site of some exchange, muscle/connective tissue in walls increase as they get further from the capillaries.

Back 26

Venules

Front 27

Three layers of Veins

Back 27

Tunica Externa(Thickest layer)
Tunica Media(thin little muscle)
Tunica Interna

Front 28

One Way cusps that prevent backflow of blood pressure in veins is to low to keep blood flowing against gravity.

Back 28

Valves

Front 29

Dilated veins due to leaky valves.

Back 29

Varicose Veins

Front 30

Alternate pathway for blood flow in a region if one vessel becomes blocked.

Back 30

Collateral Circulation

Front 31

Alternate pathway for blood in a region if one vessel becomes blocked

Back 31

Collateral Circulation

Front 32

Connections between arteries/arteriols supplying adjacent regions(Also occur in veins and venules)

Back 32

Antastamoses

Front 33

Forces involved in circulating blood.

Back 33

Hemodynamics

Front 34

Volume of passing through a tissue/minute

Back 34

Blood Flow

Front 35

Artery that dosn't anastomose

Back 35

End Artery

Front 36

Death of tissue due to blockage of an end artery myocardial infarction = heart attack (heart muscle dies)

Back 36

Infarction

Front 37

Total blood flow =

Back 37

Cardiac Output(CO)

Front 38

Factors affecting blood flow

Back 38

Pressure difference
&
Vascular resistance

Front 39

Greater difference= greater flow

Back 39

Pressure Difference

Front 40

Greater resistance = less flow

Back 40

Vascular resistance

Front 41

Opposition to flow due to friction between blood and vessel wall

Back 41

Vascular Resistance (R)

Front 42

Factors of Vascular resistance
(3 Factors)

Back 42

1) Diameter of vessel lumen
2) Blood viscosity(thicker blood = increased resistance)
3) Blood vessel length

Front 43

Hydrostatic pressure of blood on the walls of an artery; pressure delivering blood to tissue capillaries

Back 43

Blood Pressure

Front 44

Used to measure systemic blood pressure brachial artery

Back 44

Sphygmomanometer

Front 45

Highest arterial pressure (120mmHg)produced by left ventricular systole

Back 45

Systolic pressure

Front 46

Lowest arterial pressure (80mmHg)during ventricular diastole; maintained by elastic rebound in arteries and arterioles

Back 46

Diastolic pressure

Front 47

Waves of pressure through arteries and arterioles pulse pressure, disappears in capillaries

Back 47

Pulse

Front 48

Average pressure in arteries, Decreases further from the heart

Back 48

Mean Arterial Pressure(MAP)

Front 49

Pressure in Veins

Back 49

Venous pressure

Front 50

Pressure in capillaries

Back 50

Capillary Pressure

Front 51

Rate is determined by blood pressure and total cross-sectional area of vessels

Back 51

Blood Flow Rate (Velocity)

Front 52

Low pressure difference is barely enough to overcome gravity

Back 52

Venous Return

Front 53

Fainting due to insufficient blood to brain

Back 53

Syncope

Front 54

Aids to Venous Return
3 Factors

Back 54

1) valves:one-way 2)Skeletal muscle pump: contraction of limb muscles compresses vein; “milks” blood through vein with help of valves.
3)Respiratory pump:Diphram movement during inhalation

Front 55

The veins and venules serve as __________.

Back 55

Blood reservoirs

Front 56

Returns more blood to the heart when needed eg. hemorrhage,exercise Contricting aids in more blood

Back 56

Venoconstriction

Front 57

This occurs at rest in vessels

Back 57

Venodilation

Front 58

Purpose of cardiovascular system

Back 58

CAPILLARY EXCHANGE

Front 59

Solutes exchanged from high concentration to low concentration

Back 59

Diffusion

Front 60

Diffusion (Exsamples)

Back 60

Diffusion from blood into cells – oxygen, nutrients, hormones.
Diffusion from cells into blood – carbon dioxide, wastes, hormones.
Diffusion occurs through intracellular gaps, fenestrations, ion channels, through cell membranes (lipid-soluble materials) plasma proteins and blood cells only diffuse through sinusoids

Front 61

Pressure driven movement of fluid across a porous membrane(water and solutes small enough to fit through pores)

Back 61

Bulk Flow

Front 62

Bulk flow from blood to interstitial fluid

Back 62

FILTRATION

Front 63

Bulk flow from interstitial fluid to blood

Back 63

REABSORPTION

Front 64

Pressures That Promote Filtration

Back 64

Capillary hydrostatic pressure (CHP)

Front 65

Pressures That Promote Reabsorption.

Back 65

Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP)

Front 66

Indicates net fluid movement

Back 66

Net Filtration Pressure (NFP)

Front 67

Conditoin where tissue swells due to filtration exceeding reabsorption

Back 67

Edema

Front 68

Amount of blood being supplied to tissues; must supply needs of tissues for oxygen and nutrients, and removal of wastes

Back 68

Tissue perfusion

Front 69

Blood pressure depends on:

Back 69

Cardiac output
&
Vascular Resistance

Front 70

Based on metabolic needs of tissues; release of local factors that cause dilation or constriction of arterioles and precapillary sphincters

Back 70

Autoregulation of Capillary beds

Front 71

Opening of precapilary sphinctors

Back 71

Vasodilators

Front 72

Closing of precapilary sphinctors

Back 72

Vasoconstrictors

Front 73

Fast "short lived" response of cardiac center. Stimulation of baroreceptor reflex or chemoreceptors.

Back 73

Neural Regulation of the cardiovascular system

Front 74

Slower "longer lived" response of the cariac center.

Back 74

Hormonal Regulation of the cardiovascular system

Front 75

Stretch receptors in aortic sinus and carotid sinus send impulses to CV center

Back 75

Baroreceptor reflexes

Front 76

Detect levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions chemoreceptors in carotid bodies, aortic body
send impulses to CV center

Back 76

Chemoreceptor reflexes

Front 77

RAA system, ADH, erythropoietin and adrenal medulla all do what to blood pressure.

Back 77

Increases

Front 78

Atrial Natriuretic peptide(ANP) – stimulated by atrial stretching, does what to blood pressure.

Back 78

Decreases

Front 79

Happens when cardiovascular system fails to deliver adequate oxygen and nutrients to meet cellular needs

Back 79

Shock

Front 80

Low blood volume from hemorrhage,dehydration or diabetes, may cause this type of shock

Back 80

Hypovolemic shock

Front 81

Poor heart function or a heart attack, may cause this type of shock.

Back 81

Cardiogenic shock

Front 82

Decreased vascular resistance may cause this type of shock

Back 82

Vascular shock

Front 83

Allergy vasodilators may cause this type of shock

Back 83

Anaphylactic Shock

Front 84

Cardiovascular center disfunction or head trauma may cause this type of shock

Back 84

Neurogenic shock

Front 85

Blockage of blood flow, like a pulmonary thromboembolism, may cause this type of shock

Back 85

Obstructive shock

Front 86

Shock caused by bacterial toxins is called

Back 86

Septic shock