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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are surface antigens |
cell surface proteins that identify cells to the immune system |
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how are blood types determined |
genetically |
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what are the 4 basic blood types
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A, B, AB, O,
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what are agglutinogens (Ag) |
low molecular weight antigens on the glycocaylx (the sticky surface) of the RBCs -this is what the immune system screens for non-body cells |
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antibody (Ab), aka agglutinin |
a protein secreted in response to a specific Ag |
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what are Ab (agglutinin) proteins produced and secreted by |
specific B-lymphocytes |
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where are Ab found |
in the liquid portion of blood (plasma) |
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what do plasma antibodies (agglutinin) do |
attack antigens (which are usually foreign and usually protein) |
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what does it meean for Ab to agglutinate antigens |
attack them; they clump together around them |
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what is the Rh factor (D antigen) |
the + or - value of blood. only sensitized (have been exposed) have anti-Rh antibodies |
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what is a cross reaction (transfusion reaction) |
plasma body meets its specific surface antigen -blood will agglutinate and hemolyze |
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when can a cross reaction happen |
donor and recipient blood types are not compatible |
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why would someone who has A blood, that receives a donation of O blood, not experience agglutination and hemolyzation? |
the AB antibodies get diluted out in the recipients bloodstream. -this is only an issue in large transplants |
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for a blood type test, what does clotting mean
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there are antibodies for that blood type |
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what is a cross-match test |
donor blood is exposed to recipient plasma |
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what type of blood is used if you can't do a cross match |
O- is universal donor |
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what is the blood type of a person who has no aggutinogens but the Rh antigen |
O+ |
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what is the blood type of a person who has B agglutinins and no Rh antigen |
A- |
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what is the blood type of a person who has be agglutinogens and the Rh antigen |
B+ |
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why does a Rh- mother's body react to her Rh+ fetus |
the Rh+ blood factors that get into the maternal circulation act as antigens |
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why is the first pregnancy of a Rh- mother with an Rh+ fetus not a danger |
the IgM are too large to leave her blood and harm the fetus |
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how do we prevent erythroblastosis |
RhoGAM- anti Rh+ Ab that is given halfway though pregnanct or within 72 hours of birth (or abortion) |
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what does RhoGAM do |
destroys any fetal RBCs that enter the maternal circulation before the mother can mount an immune response |
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what is the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) |
the average volume (size) of an erythrocyte |
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what is the normal range for erythrocytes )the noromocytic cells) |
~90 cubic microns |
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what is a value that would make a cell macrocytic |
>101 cubic microns |
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what is a value that would make a cell microcytic |
<8- cubic microns |
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what is the Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) |
average weight of an erythrocyte |
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what is the normal MCH |
~30 picograms |
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what is the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) |
the weight to volume relationship expressed as a percentage 33-38% |
