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137 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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white blood cell (agranulocyte) formed in lymph tissue - a phagocyte and the precursor of a macrophage
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monocyte
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thrombocyte or cell that helps blood clot
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platelet
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cell in the bone marrow that gives rise to different types of blood cells
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stem cell (hemocytoblast)
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leukocyte formed in lymph tissue - produces antibodies
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lymphocyte
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leukocyte with dense, reddish granules having an affinity for red acid dye, associated with allergic reactions
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eosinphil
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red blood cell
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erythrocyte
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leukocyte (polymorphonuclear granulocyte) formed in the bone marrow and having neutral-staining granules
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neutrophil
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leukocyte (granulocyte) whose granules have an affinity for basic dye – releases histamine and heparin
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basophil
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blood cell
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corpuscle
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eosinophils, neutrophils, and basophils
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granulocyte
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pertaining to having one prominent nucleus
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mononuclear
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pertaining to having a many-shaped nucleus (neutrophil)
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polymorphonuclear
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cells without dark-staining granules (monocytes and lymphocytes)
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agranulocyte
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immature red blood cell
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erythroblast
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forerunner of platelet
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megakaryocyte
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large phagocytes formed from monocytes
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macrophage
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blood protein
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hemoglobin
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derived from bone marrow cells
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myeloid
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immature, developing RBC
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erythroblast
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immature bone marrow cell – forerunner of granulocyte
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myeloblast
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plasma
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liquid portion of blood
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dark green pigment produced from hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed
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bilirubin
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iron-containing nonprotein part of hemoglobin
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heme
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protein in plasma - can be separated into alpha, beta, and gamma types
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globin
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hormone secreted by the kidneys to stimulate bone marrow to produce red blood cells
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erythropoietin
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foreign material that stimulates the production of an antibody
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antigen
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plasma protein that maintains the proper amount of water in the blood
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albumin
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proteins made by lymphocytes in response to antigens in the blood
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antibodies
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an anticoagulant substance produced by liver cells and found in the bloodstream and tissues
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heparin
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protein threads that form the basis of a blood clot
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fibrin
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a plasma protein that is converted to thrombin in the clotting process
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prothrombin
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plasma minus clotting proteins and cells
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serum
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a clotting factor that, in combination with calcium, promotes the clotting process
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thromboplastin
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a plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process
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fibrinogen
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coagulation
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the process of clotting
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an enzyme that helps convert fibrinogen to fibrin
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thrombin
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substance that prevents clotting
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anticoagulant
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disease of hemoglobin (word building)
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hemoglobinopathy
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study of cells
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cytology
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deficiency of WBCs
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leukocytopenia
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study of shape (of cells)
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morphology
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cell with a large nucleus
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megakaryocyte
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iron deficiency
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sideropenia
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cell that eats other cells
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phagocyte
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immature bone marrow cell
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myeloblast
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separation of platelets from the rest of cells
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plateletpheresis
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immature monocyte
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monoblast
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formation of bone marrow cells
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myelopoiesis
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pertaining to controlling or stopping blood flow
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hemostatic
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pertaining to the destruction of cells
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thrombolytic
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formation of blood
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hematopoiesis
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name four plasma proteins
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albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, prothrombin
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what is the Rh factor?
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antigen found in RBCs of Rh-positive people
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glycolipids on the surface of cell membranes
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antigens
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clumping of recipient’s cells when incompatible cells are transfused
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agglutination
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a person with type A blood has ___ antigens and ___ antibodies in his/her blood
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A antigens and anti-B antibodies
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a person with type B blood has ___ antigens and ___ antibodies in his/her blood
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B antigens and anti-A antibodies
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a person with type AB blood has ___ antigens and ___ antibodies in his/her blood
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both A and B antigens and no anti-A or anti-B antibodies
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a person with type O blood has ___ antigens and ___ antibodies in his/her blood
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no A or B antigens and both anti-A and anti-B antibodies
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What does a whole blood transfusion consist of?
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erythrocytes and plasma – since antigens are glycolipids on the surface of cells and plasma contains antibodies, then both antigens and antibodies are present in a whole blood transfusion.
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Does whole blood have antigens?
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yes
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Does whole blood have antibodies?
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yes
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What does a packed cell transfusion consist of?
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primarily erythrocytes.
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Does a packed cell blood transfusion contain antibodies?
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No, since there is no plasma.
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Does a packed cell blood transfusion contain antigens?
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Yes, since there are RBCs.
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What does a plasma transfusion consist of?
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primarily plasma, so it contains antibodies.
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Does a plasma transfusion contain antigens?
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No.
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Does a plasma transfusion contain antigens?
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No, since it contains no cells.
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Which blood products can be safely transfused to a recipient with type A blood?
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A, O
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Which blood products can be safely transfused to a recipient with type B blood?
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B, O
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Which blood products can be safely transfused to a recipient with type AB blood?
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AB, A, B, O
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Which blood products can be safely transfused to a recipient with type O blood?
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O
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separating substances (such as proteins) by electric charge
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electrophoresis
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a type of gamma globulin that contains protein
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immunoglobulin
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change in structure and function of a cell as it matures
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differentiation
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process of using a centrifuge to separate or remove blood cells from plasma
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plasmapheresis
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an anticoagulant substance produced by liver cells and found in the bloodstream and tissues
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heparin
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protein threads that form the basis of a blood clot
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fibrin
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a plasma protein that is converted to thrombin in the clotting process
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prothrombin
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plasma minus clotting proteins and cells
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serum (plural: sera)
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a clotting factor that, in combination with calcium, promotes the clotting process
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thromboplastin
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a plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process
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fibrinogen
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the process of clotting
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coagulation
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an enzyme that helps convert fibrinogen to fibrin
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thrombin
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irregularity in the shape of red blood cells
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poikilocytosis
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oxygen-containing protein in red blood cells
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hemoglobin
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formation of red blood cells
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erythropoiesis
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deficiency in numbers of red blood cells
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erythrocytopenia
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destruction of red blood cells
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hemolysis
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reduction of hemoglobin in red blood cells
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hypochromia
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variation in size of red blood cells
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anisocytosis
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abnormal numbers of round, rather than normally biconcave-shaped, red blood cells
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spherocytosis
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increase in number of small red blood cells
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microcytosis
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general increase in numbers of red blood cells – erythremia
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polycythemia vera
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increase in numbers of large red blood cells
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macrocytosis
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separation of blood so that the percentage of red blood cells in relation to the volume of a blood sample is measured
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hematocrit
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lack of iron leading to insufficient hemoglobin production
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iron-deficiency anemia
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lack of mature erythrocytes due to inability to absorb vitamin B12 (gastric juice lacks factor that absorbs B12)
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pernicious anemia
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fragile, irregularly-shaped RBCs due to hereditary disorder
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sickle cell anemia
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lack of all types of blood cells due to lack of development of bone
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aplastic anemia
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defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, leading to hypochromia
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thalassemia
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multiple pinpoint hemorrhages due to deficiency of platelets (patient makes antibody that destroys his/her platelets – cause unknown
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idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
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abnormal condition of excess granulocytes (eosinophilia and basophilia)
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granulocytosis
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excessive bleeding due to factor VIII missing (hereditary and congenital)
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hemophilia
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excessive deposits of iron
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hemochromatosis
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malignant tumor of bone marrow
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multiple myeloma
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EBV infection causes acute infectious disease involving increased numbers of atypical lymphocytes
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mononucleosis
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symptoms of disease return
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relapse
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symptoms of disease disappear
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remission
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relieving, but not curing
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palliative
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immunoglobulin fragment found in the urine of patients with multiple myeloma
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Bence Jones protein
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multiple pinpoint hemorrhages with accumulation of blood under the skin
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purpura
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deficiency of all blood cells
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pancytopenia
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separation of blood into its parts
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apheresis
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increase in numbers of granulocytes, seen in allergic conditions
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eosinophilia
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stained blood smear is examined to determine the shape (form) of individual red blood cells
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RBC morphology
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measures the percentage of red blood cells in a volume of blood
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hematocrit
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determines the number of clotting cells per cubic millimeter
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platelet count
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measurement of venous blood clotting in a test tube
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coagulation time
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measures the speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma
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erythrocyte sedimentation rate
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determines the numbers of different types of white blood cells (immature and mature forms)
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WBC differential
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determines the presence of antibodies in infants of RH-negative women or in patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia
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antiglobulin (Coombs) test
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bone marrow cells from a donor are infused into a patient with leukemia or aplastic anemia
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bone marrow transplant
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time it takes for a small puncture wound to stop bleeding
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bleeding time
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needle is introduced into the bone marrow cavity and a small amount of marrow is aspirated and then examined under a microscope
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bone marrow biopsy
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gives the number of erythrocytes per cubic millimeter of blood
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RBC count
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blood is collected from and later reinfused into the same patient
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autologous transfusion
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a blood protein that helps transport oxygen to body tissue
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Hgb – hemoglobin
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an immune reaction by a recipient’s cells to a donor’s cells
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a possible outcome of a bone marrow transplant
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malignant condition of white blood cells in which immature lymphocytes predominate – children are affected and onset is sudden
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ALL – acute lymphocytic leukemia
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a test used to follow patients who are taking certain anticoagulants
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PTT – partial thromboplastin time
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malignant condition of white blood cells in which both mature and immature granulocytes are present (slowly progressive illness)
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CML – chronic myelogenous leukemia
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proteins that stimulate the formation and proliferation of white blood cells
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G-CSFs – granulocyte colony-stimulating factors
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proteins containing antibodies
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gamma globulins
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malignant condition of white blood cells in which relatively mature lymphocytes predominate in lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow, usually seen in elderly patients
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CLL – chronic lymphocytic leukemia
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malignant condition of white blood cells in which immature granulocytes predominate and normal bone marrow is replaced by myeloblasts
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AML – acute myelogenous (myelocytic) leukemia
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white blood cell count with left shift
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confirms diagnosis of systemic infection
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