Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
195 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
albumin
|
protein in blood; maintains the proper amount of water in the blood
|
|
|
antibody
|
(AB) Protein (immunoglobin) produced by lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses, or other antigens.
|
|
|
antigen
|
substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of an antibody
|
|
|
basophil
|
white blood cell containing granules that stain blue; associated with release of histamine and heparin
|
|
|
bilirubin
|
orange- yellow pigment in bile; formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells die
|
|
|
coagulation
|
blood clotting
|
|
|
colony-stimulating factor
|
CSF. protein thet stimulates the growth and proliferation of white blood cells (granulocytes)
|
|
|
differentiation
|
change in structure and function of a cell as it maures; specialization
|
|
|
electrophoresis
|
method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge
|
|
|
eosinophil
|
white blood cell containing granules that stain red; associated with allergic reaction
|
|
|
erythropoietin
|
EPO. hormone secreted by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell formation
|
|
|
fibrin
|
protein threads that form the basis of a blood clot
|
|
|
fibrinogen
|
plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process
|
|
|
globulin
|
plasma protein; alpha, beta, and gamma (immune) globulins are examples
|
|
|
granulocyte
|
white blood cell with numerous dark-staining granules: eosinophil, neutrophil, and basophil
|
|
|
hemoglobin
|
blood protein containing iron; carries oxygen in red blood cells
|
|
|
hemolysis
|
destruction or breakdown of blood (red blood cells)
|
|
|
heparin
|
anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells
|
|
|
immune reaction
|
response of the immune system to foreign invasion
|
|
|
immunoglobulin
|
protein (globulin) with antibody activity; examples are IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD.
|
|
|
immun/o
|
combining form means protection
|
|
|
leukocyte
|
white blood cell
|
|
|
lymphocyte
|
mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies
|
|
|
macrophage
|
monocyte that migrates from the blood to tissue spaces. As a phagocyte, it enguls foreign material and debris
|
|
|
megakaryocyte
|
large platelet precursor cell found in the bone marrow
|
|
|
monocyte
|
leukocyte with one larege nucleus
|
|
|
monocyte
|
it is a cell that engulfs foreign material and debris
|
|
|
mononuclear
|
pertaining to a cell (leukocyte) with a single round nucleaus
|
|
|
neutrophil
|
granulocytic leukocyte formed in bone marrow. it is a phagocytic tissue-fighting cell
|
|
|
polymorphonuclear leukocyte
|
neutrophil is also called what?
|
|
|
plasma
|
liquid portion of the blood; contains water, proteins, salts, nutrients, hormones, and vitamins
|
|
|
plasmapheresis
|
removal of plasma from withdrawal blood by centrifuge. Collected cells are retransfused back into the donor. Fresh- frozen plasma or salt solution is used to replace withdrawn plasma
|
|
|
platelet
|
small blood fragment that collects at sites of injury to begin the clotting process
|
|
|
prothrombin
|
plasma protein; converted to thrombin in the clotting process
|
|
|
reticulocyte
|
immature erythrocyte. a network of strands (reiculin) is seen after staining the cell with special dyes
|
|
|
Rh factor
|
antigen on red blood cells of Rh- postive (RH+) individuals. The factor was first identified in the blood of a rhesus monkey
|
|
|
serum
|
plasma minus clotting proteins and cells. clear, yellowish fluid that separates from blood when it is allowed to clot. it is formed form plasma, but does not contain protein- coagulation factors
|
|
|
stem cell
|
unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature, specialized forms.
|
|
|
hematopoietic stem cell
|
is the progenitor for all different types of blood cells
|
|
|
thrombin
|
enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation
|
|
|
thrombocyte
|
a platelet
|
|
|
bas/o
|
combining form for base (alkaline, the opposite of acid)
|
|
|
basophil
|
cell, or histologic element staining readily with basic dyes
|
|
|
chrom/o
|
combining form for color
|
|
|
-phil
|
a suffix means attraction to
|
|
|
hypochromic
|
pertaining to less than normal color
|
|
|
coagul/o
|
combining form for clotting
|
|
|
anticoagulant
|
acting to suppress, delay, or nullify blood coagulation, or an agent that does this
|
|
|
coagulopathy
|
A disease affecting the coagulability of the blood
|
|
|
cyt/o
|
cell
|
|
|
cytology
|
study of cells
|
|
|
eosin/o
|
red, dawn, rosy
|
|
|
eosinophil
|
A type of white blood cell containing cytoplasmic granules that are easily stained by eosin or other acid dyes
|
|
|
erythroblast
|
immature red blood cells
|
|
|
-blast
|
suffix that means immature
|
|
|
granul/o
|
combining form for granules
|
|
|
granulocyte
|
Any of a group of white blood cells having granules in the cytoplasm
|
|
|
hem/o
|
combining form for blood
|
|
|
hemolysis
|
destruction or breakdown of red blood cells
|
|
|
hematrocrit
|
means a certain volume of blood separation
|
|
|
-crit
|
suffix means to separate
|
|
|
hemoglobin/o
|
combining form for hemoglobin
|
|
|
hemoglobinopahty
|
disorder disease of hemoglobin
|
|
|
is/o
|
combining form for same, equal
|
|
|
anisocytosis
|
unequal size increase in the number of cells
|
|
|
anis/o
|
combining form for size
|
|
|
-cytosis
|
suffix means an increase in the number of cells
|
|
|
kary/o
|
combining form for nucleus
|
|
|
megakaryocyte
|
it is a large cell with a greatly lobulated nucleus
|
|
|
leuk/o
|
combining form for white
|
|
|
leukopenia
|
abnormal condition of white blood cells
|
|
|
mon/o
|
combining form means one, single
|
|
|
monocyte
|
has a single cell nucleus
|
|
|
morph/o
|
combining form for shape, form
|
|
|
morphology
|
study of shapes or forms
|
|
|
myel/o
|
combining form for bone marrow
|
|
|
myeloblast
|
immautre bone marrow
|
|
|
-blast
|
suffix means immature
|
|
|
myelodysplasia
|
bads formation of the bone marrow
|
|
|
neutr/o
|
combining form for neutral
|
|
|
neutropenia
|
neutral blood condition (neither base nor acid)
|
|
|
nucle/o
|
combining form for nucleus
|
|
|
polymorphonuclear
|
having a nucleus so deeply lobed or so divided as to appear to be multiple
|
|
|
phag/o
|
combining form for eat, swallow
|
|
|
phagocyte
|
is an eating cell
|
|
|
poikil/o
|
combining form for varied, irregular
|
|
|
poikilocytosis
|
abnormal irregularity of a cell
|
|
|
sider/o
|
combining form for iron
|
|
|
sideropenia
|
An abnormally low level of iron in the blood serum
|
|
|
spher/o
|
combining form for globe, round
|
|
|
spherocytosis
|
abnormal condition of round cell
|
|
|
thromb/o
|
combining form for clot
|
|
|
thrombocytopenia
|
is an abnormal drop in the number of blood cells involved in forming blood clots
|
|
|
-apheresis
|
suffix means removal, a carrying away
|
|
|
plasmapheresis
|
removal of plasma
|
|
|
leukapheresis
|
removal of white blood cell
|
|
|
monoblast
|
embryonic singel cell
|
|
|
macrocytosis
|
large abnormal condition of the cells
|
|
|
macro-
|
prefix means large
|
|
|
microcytosis
|
small abnormal condition of cell
|
|
|
micro-
|
prefix means small
|
|
|
-globulin
|
suffix for immunoglobulin
|
|
|
-lytic
|
suffix means pertaining to destruction
|
|
|
leukemia
|
white blood condition
|
|
|
hemoglobin
|
means white protein
|
|
|
-oid
|
suffix means derived from
|
|
|
thrombolytic therapy
|
used to dissolve clots
|
|
|
myeloid
|
means derived from the bone marrow
|
|
|
-osis
|
suffix means abnormal condition
|
|
|
thrombosis
|
abnormal condition of the clotting cell
|
|
|
-penia
|
suffix means deficiency
|
|
|
granulocytopenia
|
deficiency in granule cell
|
|
|
pancytopenia
|
abnormal depression of all the cellular elements of the blood
|
|
|
macrophage
|
a large phagocyte that destroys worn-out red blood cells and foreign material
|
|
|
-phage
|
a suffix means eat, swallow
|
|
|
-philia
|
a suffix means carrying, transmission
|
|
|
-poiesis
|
a suffix means formation
|
|
|
hematopoiesis
|
a formation of blood
|
|
|
erythropoiesis
|
formation of red blood cells
|
|
|
myelopoiesis
|
formation of bone marrow
|
|
|
-stasis
|
a suffix means stop, control
|
|
|
hemostatis
|
stopping of blood
|
|
|
anemia
|
deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin
|
|
|
aplastic anemia
|
failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow
|
|
|
hemolytic anemia
|
reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction
|
|
|
pernicious anemia
|
lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the body
|
|
|
sickle cell anemia
|
hereditary condition characterized by abnormal sickle shape of erythrocytes and by hemolysis
|
|
|
thalassemia
|
inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, usually seen in persons of Mediterranean background
|
|
|
hemochromatosis
|
excess iron deposits throughout the body
|
|
|
polycythemia vera
|
general increase in red blood cells (erythremia)
|
|
|
hemophilia
|
excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of blood clotting factors necessary for blood clotting
|
|
|
purpura
|
multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin
|
|
|
petechiae
|
are tiny purple or red flat spots appearing on the skin as a result of hemorrhages
|
|
|
ecchymoses
|
are larger blue or purplish patches on the skin (bruises)
|
|
|
autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura
|
is a condition in which a patient makes an antibody that destroys plateles
|
|
|
leukemia
|
increase in cancerous white blood cells (leukocytes)
|
|
|
acute myelogenous (myelocytic) leukemia
|
AML. immature granulocytes (myeloblasts) predominate
|
|
|
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
|
ALL. lymphoblasts (immature lymphocytes) predoniate. is a disease of children and young adults
|
|
|
chronic myelogenous (myelocytic) leukemia
|
CML. both mature and immature granulocytes are present in large numbers in the marrow and bloodstream
|
|
|
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
|
CLL. abnormal numbers of relatively mature lymphocytes predonminate in the marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen
|
|
|
remission
|
disappearance of signs and symptoms of disease
|
|
|
relapse
|
occurs when disease symptoms and signs reappear, necessitating further treatment
|
|
|
granulocytosis
|
abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood
|
|
|
mononucleosis
|
infectious disease marked by increased numbers of leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes
|
|
|
epstein-barr virus
|
EBV
|
|
|
multiple myeloma
|
malignant neoplasm of bone marrow
|
|
|
antiglobulin test
|
test of the presence of antibodies that coat and damage erythrocytes
|
|
|
bleeding time
|
time required for blood to stop flowing from a tiny puncture wound
|
|
|
coagulation time
|
time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube
|
|
|
complete blood count
|
CBC. determination of numbers of blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and red cell values- MCH, MCV, MCHC
|
|
|
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
|
ESR. speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma
|
|
|
hematocrit
|
Hct. percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood
|
|
|
hemoglobin test
|
H, Hg, Hgb, HGB. total amount of hemoglobin in a sample of peripheral blood
|
|
|
platelet count
|
number of platelets per cubic millimeter (mm3) or microliter of blood
|
|
|
prothrombin time
|
PT. test of the ability of blood to clot
|
|
|
red blood cell count
|
RBC. number of erythrocytes per cubic millimeter (mm3) or microliter of blood
|
|
|
red blood cell morphology
|
microscopic examination of a stained blood smear to determine the shape of individual red cells
|
|
|
white blood cell count
|
WBC. number of leukocytes per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood
|
|
|
white blood cell deferential (count)
|
percentage of different types of leukocytes in the blood
|
|
|
apharesis
|
separation of blood into component parts and removal of a select portion from the blood
|
|
|
blood transfusion
|
whole blood or cells are taken from a donor and infused into a patient
|
|
|
bone marrow biopsy
|
microscopic examination of a core of bone marrow removed with a needle
|
|
|
hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
|
peripheral stem cells from a compatible donor are administered to a recipient
|
|
|
antibody
|
Ab
|
|
|
autologous bone marrow transplantation
|
ABMT. patient serves as his or her own donor for stem cells
|
|
|
ABO
|
four main blood types
|
|
|
absolute neutrophil count
|
ANC. this is the total WBC times a measure of the number of neutrophils present in the blood
|
|
|
autologous stem cell transplantation
|
ASCT
|
|
|
bands
|
immature white blood cells (granulocytes)
|
|
|
basophils
|
baso means
|
|
|
bone marrow transplantation
|
BMT means
|
|
|
disseminated intravascular coagulation
|
DIC. bleeding disorder marked by reduction in blood clotting factors due to their use and depletion for intravascular clotting
|
|
|
differential count (white blood cells)
|
diff
|
|
|
eosinophils
|
eos
|
|
|
iron
|
Fe
|
|
|
granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
|
G-CSF. promotes neutrophil production
|
|
|
granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
|
GM-CSF. promotes myeloid progenitor cells with differentiation to granulocytes
|
|
|
gram per deciliter
|
g/dL
|
|
|
graft-versus-host disease
|
GVHD. immune reaction of donor's cells to recipient's tissue
|
|
|
hairy cell leukemia
|
HCL. abnormal lmyphocytes accumulate in bone marrow, leading to anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and infection
|
|
|
hemoglobin
|
Hgb, HGB
|
|
|
hemoglobin and hematocrit
|
H and H
|
|
|
human leukocyte antigen
|
HLA
|
|
|
immunoglobulins
|
IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM
|
|
|
lymphoctyes
|
lymphs
|
|
|
mean corpuscular hemnoglobin
|
MCH. average amount of hemoglobin per cell
|
|
|
mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
|
MCHC. average concentration of hemoglobin in a single red cell
|
|
|
mean corpuscular volume
|
MCV. average volume or size of a single red blood cell
|
|
|
monocyte
|
mono
|
|
|
polymorphonuclear leukocytes; neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
|
polys, PMNs, PMNLs
|
|
|
partial thromboplastin time
|
PTT
|
|
|
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
|
sed rate
|
|
|
segmented, mature white blood cells (neutrophils)
|
segs
|
|
|
sequential multiple analyzer computer
|
SMAC. an automated chemistry system that determines substances in serum
|
|
|
within normal limits
|
WNL
|
