Blood System

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Albumin

Back 1

Protein in blood. Antibody maintains the proper amount of water in the blood

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Antibody (Ab)

Back 2

Specific protein (immunoglobulin) produced by lymphocytes in response to bacteria viruses and other antigens. An antibody is specific to an antigen and activates it

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Antigen

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Substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of an antibody

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Basophils

Back 4

White blood cell containing granules that sustain blue, associated with the release of histamine and heparin

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Basophil

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White blood cell containing granules that stain blue; associated with the release of histamine and heparin

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Fibrinogen

Back 6

Plasma proteins that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process

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Globulin

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Plasma protein; alpha, beta, and gamma (immune) globulins are examples.

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Granulocyte

Back 8

White blood cells with numerous dark staining granules: eosinophil,neutrophil and basophils

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Coagulation

Back 9

Blood clotting

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Colony-stimulating factor

Back 10

Protein that stimulates growth of white blood cells (granulocyte)

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Differentiation

Back 11

Change in structure and function of a cell as it matures; specialization

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Electrophoresis

Back 12

Method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge

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Eosinophil

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White blood cell containing granules that stain red; associated with allergic reactions

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Erythroblast

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Immature red blood cell

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Erythrocytes

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Red blood cell they’re up by 5,000,000 per µL (microliter)or cubic millimeter (mm^3) of blood

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Erythropoietin (EPO)

Back 16

Hormone secreted by the kidneys; stimulates red blood cell formation

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Fibrin

Back 17

Protein that forms the basis of blood clot

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Hematopoietic stem cell

Back 18

Cell in bone marrow that give rise to all types of blood cells

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Hemoglobin

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Blood protein containing iron; carries oxygen in red blood cells

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Heparin

Back 20

Anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells

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Immune reaction

Back 21

Response of the immune system to foreign invasion

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Immunoglobulin

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Protein (a globulin) with anti-body activity examples are IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD. Immun/o means protection

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Leukocyte

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White blood cell

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Lymphocyte

Back 24

Mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies

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Macrophage

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Monocyte that migrate from the blood to tissues space. As a phagocyte, it engulfs material and debris in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, macrophages destroy worn out red blood cells

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Megakaryocyte

Back 26

Large platelet precursor cell found in the bone marrow

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Monocyte

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Leukocyte with one large nucleus. It is a cell that engulfs foreign material and debris. monocytes become macrophages as they leave the blood and enter body tissues

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Mononuclear

Back 28

Pertaining to a cell leukocyte with a single rounded nucleus; lymphocytes and monocytes are mononuclear leukocytes

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Myeloblast

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Immature bone marrow that gives rise to granulocyte

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Neutrophil

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Granulocytic leukocyte formed in bone marrow. it is a phagocytic tissue-fighting cell also called a polymorphonuclear leukocyte

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Plasma

Back 31

Liquid portion of blood; contains water, proteins salts nutrients, lipids, hormones, and vitamins

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Plasmapheresis

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Removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge. Collected cells are retransfused back into the donor. fresh-frozen plasma or salt solution is used to replace withdrawn plasma

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Platelet

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Small blood fragments that collects at sites of injury to begin the clotting process

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Polymorphonuclear

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Pertaining to a white blood cell with a multi-lobed nucleus; neutrophil

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Prothrombin

Back 35

Plasma protein; converted to thrombin at the clotting process

Front 36

Reticulocyte

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Immature erythrocyte. a network of strands (reticulin) is seen after staining the cell with special dyes.

Front 37

Reticulocyte

Back 37

Immature erythrocyte. a network of strands (reticulin) is seen after staining the cell with special dyes.

Front 38

Rh factor

Back 38

Antigen on red blood cells of Rh-positive individuals. the factor was first identified in the blood of a rhesus monkey

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Serum

Back 39

Plasma minus clotting proteins and cells. clear yellowish fluid that separate from the blood when it is allowed to clott it is from plasma, but does not contain protein coagulation factors

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Stem cell

Back 40

Unspecialize cell that gives rise to mature, specialize forms. a hematopoietic stem cell is the progenitor for all types of blood cells

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Thrombocytes

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Platelets

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Bas/o

Back 42

Base (alkaline, the opposite of acid)

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Chrom/o

Back 43

Color

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Coagul/o

Back 44

Clotting

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Cut/o

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Cell

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Eosin/o

Back 46

Red, dawn, rosy

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Erythr/o

Back 47

Red

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Granul/o

Back 48

Granules

Front 49

Hem/o

Back 49

Blood

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Hemat/o

Back 50

Blood

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Hemoglobin/o

Back 51

Hemoglobin

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Is/o

Back 52

Same, equal

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Kary /o

Back 53

Nucleus

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Leuk/o

Back 54

White

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Mon/o

Back 55

One, single

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Morph/o

Back 56

Shape, form

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Myel/o

Back 57

Bone marrow

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Neutr/o

Back 58

Neutral (neither base nor acid)

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Nucle/o

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Nucleus

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Phag/o

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Eat, swallow

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Piojillo/o

Back 61

Varied, irregular

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Sider/o

Back 62

Iron

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Spher/o

Back 63

Globe, round

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Thromb/o

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Clot

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-apheresis

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Removal, a carrying away

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-blast

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Immature or embryonic cell

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-cytosis

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Abnormal condition of cells (increase in cells)

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-emia

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Blood condition

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-gen

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Giving rise to; producing

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-globin

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Protein

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-globulin

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Protein

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-lytic

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Pertaining to destruction

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-oid

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Derived or originating from

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-osis

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Abnormal condition

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-penia

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Deficiency

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-phage

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Eat, swallow

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-philia

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Attraction for(an increase in cell number)

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-phoresis

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Carrying, transmission

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-poiesis

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Formation

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-poiesis

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Formation

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-stasis

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Stop, control

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Anemia

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Deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin

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Aplastic anemia

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Failure of blood cell production in bone marrow

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Hemolytic anemia

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Reduction of red cells due to excessive destruction

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Pernicious anemia

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Lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream

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Sickle cell anemia

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Hereditary disorder of abnormal hemoglobin producing sickle-shaped erythrocytes and hemolysis

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Sickle cell anemia

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Hereditary disorder of abnormal hemoglobin producing sickle-shaped erythrocytes and hemolysis

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Thalassemia

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Inherited disorder of abnormal hemoglobin production leading to hypochromia

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Hemochromatosis

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Excess iron deposit throughout the body

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Polycythemia Vera

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General increase in red blood cells (erythremia)

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Hemophilia

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Excessive bleeding caused by hereditary or lack of factors eight and nine necessary for blood clotting

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Purpura

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Multiple pinpoint hemorrhage and accumulation of blood under the skin

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Leukemia

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Increase in cancer white blood cells (leukocytes)

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Leukemia

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Increase in cancer white blood cells (leukocytes)

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Acute myeloid (myelocytic) leukemia (AML)

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Immature granulocytes (myeloblasts) predominate. Platelets and erythrocytes are diminished because of infiltration and replacement of a bone marrow by large numbers of myeloblasts.

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Acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL)

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Immature lymphocytes (lymphoblast) predominate. this form is the most often in children and adolescents; onset is sudden

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Chronic myeloid (myelocytic) leukemia (CML)

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Both mature and immature granulocytes are present in large numbers in the marrow of blood. this is a slowly progressive illness with which patients often adults older than 55 may live for many years without encountering life-threatening problems new therapies such as drug Gleevec target abnormal proteins responsible for malignancy and produce long-term control

Front 98

Granulocytosis

Back 98

Abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood

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Mononucleosis

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Infections disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes

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Multiple myeloma

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Malignant neoplasm of bone marrow

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Antiglobulin (Coombs) test

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Test for the presence of antibodies that coat and damage erythrocytes

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Bleeding time

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Time required for blood to stop flowing from a tiny puncture wound

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Coagulation time

Back 103

Time required for Venous blood to clot in the test tubes

Front 104

Complete blood count CBC

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Determination of number of blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and red cell values MCH, MCV, MCHC

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Erythrocyte sedimentation rate ESR

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Speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma

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Hematocrit Hct

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Percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood

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Hemoglobin Test (H, Hg, Hgb, HGB)

Back 107

Total amount of hemoglobin in a sample of peripheral blood

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Platelet count

Back 108

Number of platelets per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood

Front 109

Prothrombin time (PT)

Back 109

Test of the ability of blood to clot.

Front 110

Red blood cell count (RBC)

Back 110

Number of erythrocytes per cubic milliliter or microliter of blood

Front 111

Red blood cell morphology

Back 111

Microscopic examination of a stain blood smear to determine the shape of individual red cells

Front 112

White blood cell count WBC

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Number of leukocytes per cubic millimeter or Microliter of blood

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White blood cell differential (count)

Back 113

Percentage of different types of leukocytes in the blood

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Apheresis

Back 114

Separation of blood into component parts and removal of a select portion from the blood

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Apheresis

Back 115

Separation of blood into component parts and removal of a select portion from the blood

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Blood transfusion

Back 116

Whole blood or cells are taken from a donor and infuse into a patient

Front 117

Apheresis

Back 117

Separation of blood into component parts and removal of a select portion from the blood

Front 118

Blood transfusion

Back 118

Whole blood or cells are taken from a donor and infuse into a patient

Front 119

Bone marrow biopsy

Back 119

Microscopic examination of a core of bone marrow removed with a needle

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Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Back 120

Peripheral stem cells from a compatible donor are administered to a recipient