Blood Supply Ii, Clinical Correlates

Front 1

Rupture of an aneurysm in the subarachnoid space, blood gets into CSF, irritates it. Produces awful headache.

Back 1

Non-traumatic, spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Front 2

An aneurysm of the Posterior Communicating artery can cause ___ palsy.

Back 2

CN III

Front 3

Balloon-like outpouching aneurysms, occur at arterial branch points.

Back 3

Saccular aneurysms

Front 4

Type of subarachnoid hemorrhage where trauma or a contusion damages blood vessels, causing bleeding into the SAS

Back 4

Traumatic, non-spontaneous Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Front 5

Type of hemorrhage where it occurs within the brain parenchyma or spinal cord. Can be traumatic or non-traumatic.

Back 5

Intracerebral hemorrhage

Front 6

Type of hemorrhage that occurs from a contusion, and gyri bump against bony skull and get bleeding.

Back 6

Traumatic Intracerebral hemorrhage

Front 7

Type of hemorrhage that is just secondary to an ischemic infarction.

Back 7

Non-traumatic Intracerebral

Front 8

An intracranial hemorrhage between the dura and the skull.

Back 8

Epidural hematoma

Front 9

Type of hemorrhage that results from rupture of the middle meningeal artery due to trauma to the temporal bone.

Back 9

Epidural hematoma.

Front 10

Type of intracranial hemorrhaging that occurs between dura and arachnoid.

Back 10

Subdural hematoma.

Front 11

Rupture of veins as they cross from the arachnoid to the dura can cause ____

Back 11

Subdural hematoma.

Front 12

A type of ischemic stroke where a piece of material formed somewhere else travels to the brain via blood, and lodges into and occludes a vessel.

Back 12

Embolic infarct

Front 13

Embolic infarcts are most often caused by __

Back 13

emboli, which can be composed of a thrombotic material, air emboli, fat, or cholesterol, etc. (Emboli is any material that travels to occlude vessels far away)

Front 14

Atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, and valvular disease can all be sources of emboli that lead to ____ type of stroke.

Back 14

cardioembolic infartcs.

Front 15

A type of ischemic stroke, where a blood clot formed locally occludes a vessel. Clot is usually over an atherosclerotic plaque.

Back 15

Thrombotic infarct.

Front 16

If you've ruled out hemorrhage via CT, you should give a patient ____ in case its an acute stroke.

Back 16

Tissue plasminogen activator.

Front 17

Ischemic stroke involving infarcts of small vessels, the deep penetrating arteries. Caused by hypertension usually.

Back 17

Lacunar infarcts

Front 18

superior and inferior sagittal sinuses receive blood from ___

Back 18

superficial veins

Front 19

The two types of cerebral infarction

Back 19

thrombosis, embolism

Front 20

Atherosclerosis is a major risk factor for ___

Back 20

Thrombotic occlusion, infarct

Front 21

Infarcts of deep penetrating vessels.

Back 21

lacunar infarcts

Front 22

Lacunar infarct can damage the ____ and ____

Back 22

thalamus, basal ganglia

Front 23

Thalamic lacunes result in ___

Back 23

contralateral somatosensory deficits

Front 24

Basal ganglia lacunes result in ___

Back 24

Movement disorders, such as hemibalismus.

Front 25

Hemibalismus, a movement disorder where there is ulilateral flinging movements of the extremities of contralateral side of lesion, is a result of _____

Back 25

basal ganglia lacune. (lacunar infarct)

Front 26

A type of stroke where neurologic deficits are caused by temporary brain ischemia (such as if an embolus occludes a vessel then dissolves)

Back 26

Transient Ischemic Attack

Front 27

The name for regions between adjacent cerebral arteries, where blood supply is from distant branches of both.

Back 27

Watershed zones.

Front 28

Sudden occlusion of the ICA can lead to ____

Back 28

ACA-MCA watershed infarct.

Front 29

Posterior spinal arteries supply the ___

Back 29

posterior fasiculus of spinal cord

Front 30

Anything inside the cranium that shouldn't be there, and is occupying volume is referred to as a ____

Back 30

Intracranial Mass lesion

Front 31

Tumors, hemorrhage, abcesses, edema, hydrocephalus. All are examples of ____, that take up space in the cranium.

Back 31

Intracranial mass lesions

Front 32

With small intracranial masses, the intracranial pressure does not rise significantly, because of accomdation by ___

Back 32

decreased CSF and blood volume in brain

Front 33

With ____ the intracranial pressure spikes up and herniation can occur.

Back 33

Large Intracranial Mass

Front 34

Pathology causing a triad of symptoms: Blown pupil due to compression of III, hemiplegia due to compression of the cerebral peduncles, and coma due to distortion of the mibrain reticular formation.

Back 34

Uncal herniation

Front 35

Compression of cerebral peduncles as with a herniation can cause ___

Back 35

hemiplegia

Front 36

Compression of CN III as with uncal herniation causes ___

Back 36

blown pupil

Front 37

Distortion of the midbrain reticular formation as in uncal herniation causes ___

Back 37

Coma

Front 38

Headache, irritability, depressed alertness, nausea, papilloedema, visual loss, diplopia, hypertension, bradycardia, irregular breathing ---- can all be signs of:

Back 38

increased intracranial pressure

Front 39

Brain injury on the opposite side of the impact

Back 39

Contrecoup