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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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blood dyscrasia
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blood disease
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anemia
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deficiency of hemoglobin in erythrocytes
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iron deficiency anemia
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anemia caused by lack of iron which is required for hemoglobin production
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aplastic anemia
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failure of blood cell production in bone marrow
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pancytopenia
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deficiency of all types of blood cells
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hemolytic anemia
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reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction
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congenital spherocytic anemia, or hereditary spherocytosis
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erythrocytes become spheroidal and more fragile
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pernicious anemia
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lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the body.
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intrinsic factor
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substance normally found in gastric juice that allows absorption of B12
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sickle cell anemia
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hereditary condition characterized by abnormal sickle shape of erythrocytes and by hemolysis - red blood cells can't fit through small blood vessels
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thalassemia
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inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, usually seen in persons of Mediterranean background.
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hemochromatosis
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excess iron deposits throughout the body - hepatomegaly, skin pigmentation, diabetes and cardiac failure may occur.
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hemophilia
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excess bleeding caused by hereditary lack of blood clotting factors necessary for blood clotting
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purpura
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multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin. May be caused by thrombocytopenia
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petechiae
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tiny purple or red flat spots appearing on the skin as a result of hemorrhages
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ecchymoses
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large blue or purple patches on the skin, result of purpura
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autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura
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condition in which a patient makes an antibody that destroys platelets
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leukemia
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increase in cancerous white blood cells - symptoms of fatigue, fever, bone pain, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly and hepatomegaly. Also little defense against infection.
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4 types of leukemia
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acute myelogenous (myelocytic) leukemia (AML); acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL); chronic myelogenous (myelocytic) leukemia (CML); chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
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AML
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leukemia in which immature granulocytes (myeloblasts) predominate.
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ALL
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Leukemia in which lymphoblasts predominate. seen most often in children - onset is sudden
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CML
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leukemia in which both mature and immature granulocytes are present in large numbers in the marrow and bloodstream
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CLL
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leukemia in which abnormal numbers of relatively mature lymphocytes predominate in marrow, lymph nodes and spleen
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granulocytosis
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abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood occurs in response to infection or inflammation
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eonsinophilia
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increase in eosinophilic granulocytes, seen in certain allergic conditions, such as asthma
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basophilia
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increase in basophilic granulocytes, seen in certain types of leukemia
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mononucleosis
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infectious disease marked by increased numbers of leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes, transmitted by EBV
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EBV
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epstein-Barr virus - responsible for mononucleosis
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multiple myeloma
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malignant neoplasm of bone marrow - destroys bone tissue, causes overproduction of immunoglobulins, osteolytic lesions, hypercalcemia, anemia, renal damage and increased infection
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Bence-Jones protein
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protein overproduced in multiple myeloma
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ABMT -
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autologous bone marrow transplantation
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autologous bone marrow transplantation
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bone marrow transplant in which patients own marrow is used
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antiglobulin test
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test for the presence of antibodies that coat and damage erythrocytes - used with infants of RH- mothers, and patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia
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bleeding time
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test of time required for blood to stop flowing from a tiny puncture wound - normal is under 8 min.
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coagulation time
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test of time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube.
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CBC
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complete blood count
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complete blood count
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determination of numbers of blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit and red cell values
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ESR
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erythrocyte sedimentation rate
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erythrocyte sedimentation rate
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test of speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma
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Hct
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hematocrit
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hematocrit
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test of precentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood
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H, Hg, Hgb, HGB
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hemoglobin test
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hemoglobin test
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test of total amount of hemoglobin in a sample of peripheral blood
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platelet count
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test of number of platelets per cubic mm of blood
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PT
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prothrombin time
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prothrombin time
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test of the ability of blood to clot
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RBC
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red blood cell count
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red blood cell count
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number of erythrocytes per mm3 of blood
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red blood cell morphology
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microscopic examination of a stained blood smear to determine the shape of individual red cells
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WBC
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white blood cell count
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white blood cell count
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number of leukocytes per cubic mm
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white blood cell differential (count)
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percentages of different types of leukocytes in the blood
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shift to the left
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an increase in immature neutrophils in the blood
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spheresis
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separation of blood into component parts and removal of a select portion from the blood
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plasma exchange
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plasma is removed from the patient and fresh plasma is given
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blood transfusion
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whole blood or cells are taken from a donor and infused into a patient
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packed cells
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a preparation of red blood cells separated from liquid plasma and administed in severe anemia
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autologous transfusion
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collection of blood and later reinfusion to same person
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bone marrow biopsy
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microscopic examination of a core of bone marrow removed with a needle - helpful in diagnosis of blood disorders
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bone marrow aspirate
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removal of bone marrow using brief suction produced by a syringe
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hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
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peripheral stem cells from a compatible donor are administed to a recipient - used to treat leukemias and multiple myeloma
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GVHD
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graft-versus-host disease
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graft-versus-host disease
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donor's cells attack recipients cells - since recipient is immunosupressed, it cannot defend itself
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