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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the first thing to look at for a Blood Gas? |
The source of the sample - arterial or venous
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What is the biggest difference between venous and arterial? |
Arterial is looking at the pulmonary system. |
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What can't venous samples tell us? |
Lung!!! Venous is TISSUE LEVEL stuff. |
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What is the 2nd step? |
Determine acid/base status
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What does alkalemia, academia refer to? |
What the animal's blood is.
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What is acidosis and alkalosis |
The process that is resulting in that acid/base status. |
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What are we ultimately trying to determine with a pH and blood gas? |
What the source of the disturbance is!!!! |
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What causes a secretional acidosis? |
a loss of HCO3 -- such as through diarrhea or salivation (ruminants) |
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What is BE? |
Base excess |
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What is a negative base excess? |
a base deficit! |
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What does BE mean? |
the amount of base that you need to add or take away to get back to that pH of 7.4 |
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What is the most important intracellular buffers? |
HgB |
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What is HHB? |
A protonated Hgb -- H = hydrogen (acid) -- this means that this Hgb has bound a H in it's buffering capacity -- should be < 5% |
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what does PaO2 mean on arterial samples? |
Oxygenation (not ventilation)
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What tells us about VENTILATION on an arterial sample? |
the PaCO2 |
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What are 5 causes of hypoxemia? |
hypoventilation, VQ mismatch, Diffusion impairment, shunt, low inspired O2 |
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What are 2 causes of hypercarbia |
1. Hypoventilation 2. Shunt |
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How can you tell a shunt from a VQ mismatch |
Give them O2 - in a shunt - does not get better. VQ mismatch will improve. |
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Which is more diffusible? |
CO2 (20x more diffusible than O2) |
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How do we use PVO2? |
if venous O2 (tissue level) -- really low? (normal is 40-50mmHg) -- increased O2 extraction -- poor perfusion. Higher? Not getting any extraction! Shunts! Vasoconstriction |
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CO2 reflects what? |
Ventilation- Venous should be 5-10mmHg > arterial. if normal on venous -- then it will be normal on the arterial == arterial cannot be HIGHER |
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What are the two major systems involved in balancing the acid base? |
Kidney (longer - days) Pulmonary (rapid minute to minute) |
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When you calculate compensation what do you suspect if the value is more than it should be? |
A mixed problem. |
