Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
115 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Blank--take plasma and spin off whole blood. 4 degrees centigrade. 35 days. Usually are freeze up to one year. Used to replace volume. Give for proteins, prime bypass pumps, Burn Pts. Treatment of coagulation insufficiency. Name the factors in FFP?
|
FFP. Factors 1+5+8.
|
|
|
Blank--used for coagulopathy, sometimes with mass transfusion if they need help clotting factors?
|
FFP.
|
|
|
A platelet count greater than what is okay?
|
> 100,000.
|
|
|
Under blank number of platelets--no elective surgeries?
|
50,000
|
|
|
These days, a platelet count between blank and blank is acceptable for elective surgery?
|
50,000- 75,000.
|
|
|
A patient with a platelet count less than blank will have spontaneous bleeding?
|
10,000.
|
|
|
Each unit of platelets can increase a platelet count by how much?
|
5 to 10,000.
|
|
|
Platelet count can be effected by blank or blank?
|
splenomagaly + infection.
|
|
|
What type of surgery drops platelet count the most-thrombocytopenia----. Severe aplastic anemia?
|
grafts.
|
|
|
Blank concentrate--give to folks on chemotherapy, bone marrow transplant folks. Gram-negative septicemia?
|
leukocyte.
|
|
|
Cryoprecipitate-factor blank-used to treat hemophilia?
|
VIII.
|
|
|
Cryoprecipitate-- factor VIII. used to treat hemophilia. Von Willebrand. Each bag has factor 1 (blank) and factor 8 and 13. Each unit contains 100 clotting units of factor VIII. 250 mg of blank. How many cc per bag. Once thawed must be used in blank hours?
|
fibrinogen. 25 cc. 6.
|
|
|
What is albumen used for?
|
to increase osmotic colloid pressure.
|
|
|
How many cc and a bag of Cryoprecipitate?
|
25 cc.
|
|
|
Where do Humans make albumen at 50 mg per day?
|
liver.
|
|
|
Blank is a volume expander and a synthetic?
|
hespan.
|
|
|
Blank patients require cryoprecipitate as part of the treatment, and it takes many different people to donate to get the 25 mL. So they're exposed to many different donors?
|
Hemophilia.
|
|
|
We are reluctant to give blood to patients with blank or infections?
|
immunosuppression.
|
|
|
Indication for transfusion--we give blood to increase oxygen carrying capacity, not for the increased blank?
|
volume.
|
|
|
What is the biggest concern of transfusing patients with blood products, that they will be at risk of infection for blank?
|
hepatitis C.
|
|
|
Hepatitis blank--Infectious hepatitis, fecal/oral, bad shellfish--jaundice.?
|
hepatitis A.
|
|
|
Hepatitis blank--blood-borne DNA virus, parenteral, sex, one to six months incubation period surface antigen?
|
hepatitis B.
|
|
|
Hepatitis blank--- increased chance of a hepatocellular cancer, chronic carriers, liver cirrhosis can develop Delta variant, foaminating liver disease?
|
hepatitis B.
|
|
|
hepatitis blank--must've been infected with hepatitis B first?
|
hepatitis D.
|
|
|
Hepatitis blank--needlestick, dialysis-most common cause in renal folks, IVDA, mild symptoms--asymptomatic jaundice, loss of appetite, portal hypertension, morbidity, mortality. No treatment. Alfa interferon. Binds to hepatitis cell.?
|
hepatitis C.
|
|
|
Is Epstein-Barr transmitted through blood transfusions?
|
yes.
|
|
|
What is the risk of transmission of HIV through blood transfusions?
|
smaller than hepatitis.
|
|
|
With mass transfusions of blood, you get blank blood--decreased ionized calcium level. Blank intoxication. The blank binds to the calcium, having signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia?
|
citrated, citrate, citrate.
|
|
|
With mass transfusions of blood. You can get citrated blood-- decreased ionized blank level. Citrate intoxication. The citrate binds to the blank, having signs and symptoms of blank?
|
calcium, calcium, hypocalcemia.
|
|
|
Many units of blood that are older, may contain hyperkalemia. So you should watch for blank blank?
|
metabolic acidosis.
|
|
|
When can you get citrate intoxication?
|
with mass transfusions of blood.
|
|
|
When can blood transfusions give you hypocalcemia?
|
mass transfusions of citrated blood.
|
|
|
Hyperthermia-cold blood-in the ICU given slowly three to four hours. Rapid infusion = blank blank. During surgery, we use blood warmers?
|
cardiac arrhythmias.
|
|
|
If you give patients blank blood. This will increase oxygen energy requirements and impair the metabolism of narcotics?
|
cold.
|
|
|
Blank transfusions---fever, chills, flushing, pain-chest or back, hypotensive, Shocky, heme in urine, DIC, hemolysis,?
|
hemolytic.
|
|
|
If you think someone is having a hemolytic transfusion reaction was the first thing you do?
|
Stop the transfusion... Shut off the blood.
|
|
|
With a blank transfusion reaction. You'll first shut off the blood and stop the transfusion then check the patients urine output. Fluids and diuretics to flush out the renal tubules and return the rest of the blood back to the blood bank and send a sample from the patient?
|
hemolytic.
|
|
|
Blank is a reaction to donor plasma proteins, give these patients a H1 blocker like Benadryl----if anaphylactic and IGA deficient patients give Epi, fluids, steroids?
|
hives.
|
|
|
Hives is a reaction to the donors blank blank?
|
plasma proteins.
|
|
|
With DIC check blank?
|
fibrinogen.
|
|
|
Allowable blood loss is what a patient can blank?
|
tolerate.
|
|
|
What is the formula for estimated allowable blood loss?
|
EABL =HCT Start - Hct Allowable X Blood Volume/HCT Starting.
|
|
|
Risk of transmission of hepatitis C is what for a blood transfusion?
|
1:250.
|
|
|
What is a volume of a premature neonate?
|
95ml/kg
|
|
|
Blank= endogenous stimulation of a clot?
|
DDADP.
|
|
|
Blank is a drug that promotes clotting?
|
Amicar.
|
|
|
ASA, blank or blank---HBG 6-8. The HCT 20 before we transfuse?
|
1 or 2.
|
|
|
ASA ,blank or blank---10 and 30 rule. Hemoglobin 10 hematocrit 30. Discuss transfusion question vascular ischemic, don't let H&H go down too far?
|
3 or 4.
|
|
|
Hepatitis blank--Nevada, reused needles and syringes, 4 strand RNA virus .5% of this hepatitis in the United States and 6% in Third World countries?
|
Hepatitis C.
|
|
|
Use blank if you feel, a high rate of crystalloids will be needed, which may put you at a higher risk for ischemia and increased ICP?
|
colloids.
|
|
|
Crystalloids can put you at increased risk for blank and increased blank?
|
ischemia and ICP.
|
|
|
If ICP is possible or pulmonary capillary pressure is high. Then use blank fluids?
|
colloids.
|
|
|
What is primary hemostasis?
|
initial clot formation.
|
|
|
So when a vessel is damaged, the smooth muscle wall blank which enhances the adhesion quality?
|
contracts.
|
|
|
Blank hemostasis-- the prothrombin activator. Exposed collagen-platelets can bind. Platelets adhere and form a plug. Platelets granules form and adhere to each other?
|
primary.
|
|
|
Blank hemostasis ---formation of insoluble fibrin clot?
|
secondary.
|
|
|
Blank hemostasis--initial clot formation?
|
primary.
|
|
|
Blank hemostasis-- coagulation proteins are activated to form a fibrin network. Prothrombin activator is converting prothrombin to thrombin?
|
secondary.
|
|
|
In secondary hemostasis blank blank is converting prothrombin to thrombin?
|
prothrombin activator.
|
|
|
In secondary hemostasis--prothrombin activator is converting blank to blank?
|
prothrombin to thrombin.
|
|
|
A fibrin clot is the finale of Blank hemostasis?
|
secondary.
|
|
|
Secondary hemostasis--formation of an insoluble fibrin clot. Coagulation proteins are activated to form a fibrin network. The prothrombin activator is converting prothrombin to thrombin. Thrombin in turn leads to blank, which leads to fibrin threads, which leads to blank, which leads to a fibrin clot?
|
Fibrinogen. Calcium.
|
|
|
Which clotting pathway is faster, the extrinsic pathway or the intrinsic pathway?
|
the extrinsic pathway.
|
|
|
Blank pathway-start prothrombin activator, responds quickly 15 seconds?
|
extrinsic.
|
|
|
Blank pathway--begins with tissue, and take several minutes to work?
|
intrinsic.
|
|
|
What does the intrinsic pathway begin with?
|
tissue trauma.
|
|
|
What does the extrinsic pathway begin with?
|
start prothrombin activator.
|
|
|
Name 4 drugs that inhibit or interfere with primary hemostasis (Blank function)?
|
Platelet. Aspirin, penicillin, Nsaids, and antihistamines.
|
|
|
The key to primary hemostasis in the initial clot formation is the blank?
|
platelets.
|
|
|
Aspirin, penicillin, Nsaids, antihistamines, are all drugs inhibiting or interfering with blank blank?
|
primary hemostasis.
|
|
|
Plavix effects blank?
|
platelets.
|
|
|
What is a good test to check primary hemostasis with platelet function?
|
there is no good test.
|
|
|
Name 2 drugs that interfere with secondary hemostasis?
|
heparin, oral anticoagulants (Coumadin).
|
|
|
Name 2 good tests to check secondary hemostasis?
|
PT, PTT.
|
|
|
Name a drug that promotes clotting?
|
aminocaproic acid. Amicar.
|
|
|
What is Amicar used for?
|
promotes clotting.
|
|
|
Name the 4 combinations that you will see with the ABO blood typing?
|
type A., Type B, Type AB, and Type O.
|
|
|
What is the most common blood type?
|
type a.
|
|
|
Which blood type is the universal donor?
|
type o
|
|
|
Which blood type is the universal recipient?
|
type AB.
|
|
|
ABO blood typing. A = blank percent. B = blank percent. AB= blank percent.O = blank percent?
|
45%, 8%, 4%, 43%.
|
|
|
Which blood type does not have a surface antigen?
|
type O.
|
|
|
Which blood type has both antibodies?
|
type o.
|
|
|
Which antibody does type A blood have in it?
|
antibody-B.
|
|
|
Which anti-body does type B blood have in it?
|
antibody-A.
|
|
|
Which Rh factor, are we concerned with?
|
RHD.
|
|
|
Someone that is RHD positive may have to have their blood go under a blank screening. This is where they take a pt's serum and mix it with donor RBCs to see if there is a transfusion reaction. Pts with a positive antibody screen may be difficult to find a match?
|
cross match.
|
|
|
If a patient may need blood. You want to make sure they have a blank & blank?
|
type & screen.
|
|
|
Blank blood------- higher potential for febrile or allergic reactions, reserved for patients with large blood loss greater than blank percent, or emergency bleeding?
|
whole. 25%.
|
|
|
Whole blood-----blank potential for febrile or allergic reactions, reserved for patients with large blood loss greater than 25% or emergency bleeding?
|
higher.
|
|
|
CDPA-1------ the letters stand for what?
|
C = citrate.D = dextrose. P = phosphate. A = adenine.
|
|
|
What is citrate?
|
anticoagulant.
|
|
|
What is phosphate?
|
buffer.
|
|
|
What is dextrose?
|
substrate for cells.
|
|
|
What is adenine?
|
so RBCs can synthesize ATP.
|
|
|
Does the whole blood contain cdpa-1?
|
yes.
|
|
|
What is the hematocrit of whole blood?
|
40%.
|
|
|
Whole blood contains roughly how many cc?
|
500.
|
|
|
Blank blood----- shelflife 35 days at 4°C. About 70% of RBCs will survive. (These cells are blank as the bag ages, byproducts of cells, potassium).?
|
whole. Metabolized.
|
|
|
Whole blood---roughly 500 cc. How many cc of CDPA-1 are in whole blood. What is the shelflife of whole blood?
|
60-70cc of CDPA-1. 35 DAYS @ 4 DEGREES CENTIGRADE
|
|
|
Blank cells--hematocrit 70 to 80%. Highly concentrated, highly viscous, usually 250 mL. Each unit can bump up hematocrit by blank % and hemoglobin by blank. Contains CDPA-1. Shelflife 35 days at 4°C.?
|
packed. 3% and 1.
|
|
|
What is the hematocrit of packed cells?
|
70-80%.
|
|
|
One unit of packed red blood cells is usually how many cc?
|
250 cc.
|
|
|
For every unit of packed cells your hematocrit should go up by blank percent and hemoglobin by how much?
|
hematocrit 3% and hemoglobin up by 1.
|
|
|
Do packed cells contains CDPA-1?
|
yes.
|
|
|
What is the shelflife of packed cells?
|
4°C 35 days.
|
|
|
Why do we give leukocyte poor RBCs?
|
because the febrile reactions are due to leukocytes-WBC's.
|
|
|
What is the shelflife and the temperatures stored of leukocyte poor RBCs?
|
same as whole blood and packed cells.
|
|
|
Blank rbc's--Pt. can't tolerate white blood cells, person that has had a reaction, good for only 24 hours?
|
washed.
|
|
|
Washed red blood cells means that the blood bank washes out blank percent of the what?
|
90% of leukocytes.
|
|
|
Washed red blood cells---- patient has had a blank and can't tolerate blank?
|
reaction. WBC's (leukocytes).
|
|
|
Blank RBC---used to store rated donor units special-purpose. Allows unit frozen for three years. Adding a cryroprotective unit-- preservative. Deleting plasma, platelets, wbc's, etc.. Useful immunosuppressed patients. Units must be thawed and washed. Shelflife blank hours?
|
deglycerized. 24.
|
|
|
How long can deglycerized cells be frozen for, and once thawed and washed, what is thier shelflife?
|
three years. 24 hours.
|
|
|
Blank rbc's--pure red blood cells, no citrate, no white blood cells, who no platelets. Just pure RBCs. 30% don't survive. Give within 24 hours?
|
frozen.
|
|
|
What do frozen RBCs contain?
|
Pure RBC's contains nothing. This is why 30% of them don't survive.
|
